CHEMISTR

|
Y LAB VOLTAIC CELL
REPORT

By:
Hafidha Dwi Putri Aristien
XII.IPA.2 / 13

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3 MALANG

Jalan Sultan Agung Utara no. 7 Malang Telp. (0341) 324768

September 2010
 VOLTAIC CELL

I. PURPOSE
Determine cell potential of cathode and anode

II. THEORY
A voltaic cell is a spontaneous reaction, so that you have to separate the solution into two half-
cells, the first part is oxidation and the other is reduction.
Voltaic cell contains with electrode, where oxidation reaction occur (called anode or negative
electrode) and where reduction reaction occur (called cathode or positive electrode).
Arrangement of voltaic cell is:

Line notation : Y / ion Y // ion X / X

X metal has cell potential reduction more positive than Y metal, so that Y metal as anode and X
metal as cathode.
Salt bridge contains positive and negative ions that neutralize positive and negative charge in
electrolyte solution. The other functions of salt bridge are:
a. acts as a link between the two aqueous solution
b. overcomes liquid junction potential
c. maintains the electrical neutrality of the aqueous solution of the electrodes by releasing
or sending oppositely charged ions into the solution

III. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

- Voltmeter
- Wire
- Sand paper
- Beaker glasses
 - Salt bridge
- KNO3 solution
- Some substances for cathode and anode:
METAL SOLUTION
Zink ZnSO4 0.1 M
Copper CUSO4 0.1 M
Iron FeSO4 ((Mohr Salt) 0.1 M
Magnesium MgSO4 0.1 M

IV. PROCEDURE
1. Prepare the materials and equipments
2. Scrub the metals until its corrosion lost
3. Pour the material in each beaker glass
4. Dip the tissue into KNO3 solution
5. Arrange the materials and equipments like the picture below

KNO3

6. Connect the electrode with voltmeter and write the potential ( if the voltmeter give
negative value, hence revert the relation of electrode in the voltmeter
7. Write metal as positive electrode and negative electrode

V. EXPERIMENTAL DATA
N EXPERIMENT RESULT
o
1 a. Anode (Zn) : Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
b. Cathode (Cu): Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s)
c. Line notation: Zn(s)| Zn2+(aq)|| Cu2+(aq)| Cu(s)
 Zink + Copper
ZnSO4 0.1 M and CuSO4 0.1 M
2 Magnesium+Iron
M b. Cathode (Fe): Fe2+(aq) + 2e-
g S
O 4
0.1 M and FeSO4 0.1 M
3 Zink+Iron
ZnSO4 0.1 M and FeSO4 0.1 M
4 Magnesium+Copper
MgSO4 0.1 M and CuSO4 0.1 M
5 Iron+Copper
F b. Cathode (Cu): Cu2+(aq) + 2e-
e S
O 4
0.1 M and CuSO4 0.1 M
6 Magnesium+Zink
d. Reaction: Zn(s)+ Cu2+(aq) Zn2+(aq)+ Cu(s)
e. Cell potential: 0,9 V
a. Anode (Mg) : Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e-
Fe(s)
c. Line notation: Mg(s)| Mg2+(aq)|| Fe2+(aq)| Fe(s)
d. Reaction: Mg(s)+ Fe2+(aq) Mg2+(aq)+ Fe(s)
e. Cell potential: 1,0 V
a. Anode (Zn) : Zn(s) Zn 2+(aq) + 2e-
b. Cathode (Fe): Fe2+(aq) + 2e- Fe(s)
c. Line notation: Zn (s)| Zn 2+(aq)|| Fe2+(aq)| Fe(s)
d. Reaction: Zn (s)+ Fe2+(aq) Zn 2+(aq)+ Fe(s)
e. Cell potential: 0,4 V
a. Anode (Mg) : Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e-
b. Cathode (Cu): Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s)
c. Line notation: Mg(s)| Mg2+(aq)|| Cu2+(aq)| Cu(s)
d. Reaction: Mg(s)+ Cu2+(aq) Mg2+(aq)+ Cu(s)
e. Cell potential: 1,3 V
a. Anode (Fe) : Fe(s) Fe2+(aq) + 2e-
Cu(s)
c. Line notation: Fe (s)| Fe 2+(aq)|| Cu2+(aq)| Cu(s)
d. Reaction: Fe (s)+ Cu2+(aq) Fe 2+(aq)+ Cu(s)
e. Cell potential: 0,5 V
a. Anode (Mg) : Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e-
b. Cathode (Zn): Zn 2+(aq) + 2e- Zn (s)
2+
c. Line notation: Mg(s)| Mg || Zn 2+(aq)| Zn(s)
(aq)
d. Reaction: Mg(s)+ Zn 2+(aq) Mg2+(aq)+ Zn (s)
e. Cell potential: 0,6 V
 MgSO4 0.1 M and ZnSO4 0.1 M

VI. ANALYSIS DATA

 Description standard reduction potential usually in the reaction of reduction is :

Mg2+(aq) + 2e- Mg(s) εo= -2.36 V

Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) εo= +0.34 V
Based on the figure 1 and 2, why the potential of electrode Mg is negative and potential
of electrode Cu is positive?
Because Cu has tendency to be reduced so that when reduction reaction of Cu occur, εo
has positive value.
 Voltmeter will result cell potential in positive value if metal which is placed in left side of
volta series is acting as anode(being oxidized), while metal which is placed in right side of
volta series is acting as cathode(being reduced).
 Other way to determine cell potential of reaction is:

εo cell = εo reduction - εo oxidation

VII. CONCLUSION
1) Voltaic cell change chemical energy into electric energy.
2) Metal which has smaller εo is always anode (being oxidized).
3) Electrode (+) = anode (oxidation)
Electrode (-) = cathode (reduction)
4) Voltaic cell notation :

Anode Ion ion Cathode

5) Electron flow from anode to cathode.

6) Reaction occur, then cell potential of reaction has positive value.
7) The formula of cell potential is :
εo cell = εo reduction - εo oxidation

VIII. REFFERENCES
Purba, Michael. 2006. Kimia untuk SMA Kelas XII. Jakarta: Erlangga.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/
http://www.chem-is-try.org/
http://blog.bimbingankimia.com/?p=135
http://imamahmadi.wordpress.com/sel-volta/