CHAPTER 2 / DIAGNOSTIC SAT 49

• II
If 6x + 9 = 30, what is the value of 2x + 3? A total of 300 tickets were sold for a performance of
a school play. The ticket prices were $5 for each adult
A) 5
and $3 for each child, and the total revenue from tick­
B) 1 0 ets was $ 1,400. Solving which of the following systems
C) 15 of equations would yield the number of adult tickets
sold, a, and the number of children's tickets sold, c?
D ) 20
A) a + c = 1,400
5a + 3c = 300
II
B) a + c = 300
y 5a + 3c = 1 ,400
C) a + C = 300
3a + 5c = 1,400
D) a + C = 300
3a + 5c = 1 ,400 x 2

•
Which of the following expressions is equivalent to
2(x - 4)2 - 5x?
A) 2x2 - 2 l x + 32
B) 2x2 - 2lx - 32
C) 2x2 - 1 3x + 32
D) 2x2 - 1 6x - 2 1
A system of two equations and their graphs in the
xy-plane are shown above. How many solutions .. __

does the system have?

A) One 3

B) Two
C) Three
a
D) Four
Note: Figure not drawn to scale
A rectangular solid above has dimensions 3, a, and
b, where a and b are integers. Which of the following
CANNOT be the areas of three different faces of this
solid?
A) 1 5, 18, and 30
B) 18, 24, and 48
C) 12, 15, and 24
D) 1 5, 24, and 40

CO NTI N U E
50 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Ill •
The cost in dollars, C, to manufacture n necklaces is I f the fu nction m (x) satisfies t h e equation
given by the equation C(n) = an + h , where a and b m(x) x + l
-- - -- = 1 for all values of x greater than 1 1
are positive constants. In this equation, what does x+3 x-1
a represent? then m (x) =
A) the fixed costs, in dollars, independent of any 2(x + 3)
necklaces being manufactured A)
x-1
B) the total cost, i n dollars, to produce n
necklaces, not including fixed costs 2(x 2 + 3x + 3)
B)
x-1
C) the total cost, i n dollars, to produce one
necklace, i ncluding fixed costs 2(x + 6)
C)
D) the cost, i n dollars, to produce one necklace, x-1
not including any fixed costs
2x(x + 3)
D)
x-1
..
Line l intersects the graph of the fu nction llil
J(x) = 2x2 - 4x + 1 at two points where x = - 1 and In the mesosphere, the atmospheric layer between
x = 2, respectively. What is the slope of line /? 50 km and 80 km i n altitude, the average atmo­
spheric temperature varies linearly with altitude.
A) -2
I f the average temperature at 50 km altitude is l0°C
2 and the average temperature at 80 km is - 80°C, then
B)
3 at what altitude is the average temperature - 50°C?
3
C) A) 60 km
2
B) 65 km
D) 2
C) 70 km
D) 75 km
Ill
Which of the following equations represents a
parabola in the xy-plane with a vertex that lies on Ill
the x-axis? The graph of the equation y = 2x2 - 1 6x + 14 inter­
A) y = (x - 3)2 + 2 sects the y-axis at point A and the x-axis at points B
and C. What i s the area of triangle ABC?
B) y = 2 (x - 3)2
A) 42
C) y = 2x2 - 3
B) 48
D) y = 3x2 + 2
C) 54
D) 56

CO N T I N U E
CHAPTER 2 I DIAGNOSTIC SAT 51

13 31
IFI B)

What is the total number of x- andy-intercepts in the y

graph of the equation y (x + 2)2(x - 3) 2?
=

A) Two
B) Three 1
C) Four 1
x
D) Five

Ill
If the complex number A satisfies the equation C)

A(2 - i) 2 + i, where i H, what is the value

= =
y
of A?
A) 5 - i
B) 5 + i 1
3 4. 1
x
C) -+-1
5 5
3 5.
D) -+-1
4 4
D)
m y
If k > 2, which of the following could be the graph of
y + x k(x - 1) in the xy-plane?
=

A)
y x

Ill
The function g(x) ax3 + bx2 + ex + d has zeroes at
=

x = x = = <
-2 , 3, and x 6. If g(O) 0, which of the fol­
lowing must also be negative?
A) g(-3)
B) g(- 1)
C) g(4)
D) g(5)

CO NTI N U E
52 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

7
Answer: 2 . 5
D IRECTI O N S Answer: J2
Write a n swer -+
F o r q uestions 1 6-20, solve the p ro b l e m a n d enter 7 I 2 2 5
i n boxes .
F raction
yo u r a n swer i n the g rid, a s descri bed below, o n the l i ne Dec i m a l
a n swer s heet. po i n t

l . Alth o u g h not req u i red, it i s sugg ested that you write G r i d i n -+

r e s ul t .
yo u r a n swer i n the boxes at the top of the col u m n s to
h e l p you fi l l i n the c i rcl es a c c u rately. You w i l l receive
c re d i t o n l y if the c i rc l e s a re fi l led i n correctly.
2. Mark no mo re than one c i rc l e in a ny col u m n .
Answer: 2 0 1
3. N o q u e s t i o n h a s a n e g a t i ve a n swer. E i th e r po s i t i o n i s correct.

4. Some p ro b l e m s may h a ve m o re t h a n one correct

a n swer. In such cases, g rid only one a n swer.
5. M ixed n u m be rs s u c h a s 3 _!_ m ust be g ridded as
7 2
3.5 or - .
2

(If 3 � i s entered i n to the g rid a s � , it w i l l be

31 l)
3- .
.
1 nte rprete d as -, not
2 2
6 . Dec i m a l a n swers: I f you obta i n a d ec i m a l a n swer
with more d i g i ts than the g rid can accommodate, it
may be either rou n ded o r tru ncated, b u t it m u st fi l l the
entire g r i d .

CO N T I N U E
CHAPTER 2 I DIAGNOSTIC SAT 53

Ill
If �3 x+ ..!:.2 y = 5, what is the value of 4x + 3y? 1 1 1
-x
2 = -y+-
3 10
6x - 4y = k
• For what value of k will the system of equations
If �x - �5 = l, what is the value of x? above have at least one solution?

1111 •
If x represents the radian measure of an angle,
where O -< x -< 2'.:.2 , and sinx= 213 , then what is the
value of tan ( % -x )?
c B

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the circle above, arc AB has a measure of711. What
is the value of x?

STO P
If you finish before time is called, you may c hec k you r work on this section on ly.
Do not turn to a ny other section of the test.
54 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Math Test - Calcu lator

SS M I N UTES, 38 Q U ESTIO N S

Turn to Section 4 of you r a n swer sheet to a n swer the q uestions i n this section.

D IRECTI O N S

F o r questions 1 -30, solve each p r o b l e m , c h oose the b e s t a n swer f r o m the c hoices p rovided,
and fi l l i n the correspo n d i n g c i rc l e o n you r a n swer sh eet. For q uestions 3 1 -38, solve the
p ro b l e m a n d e n te r you r a n swer i n the g rid o n the a n swer s h eet. Please refer to the d i recti o n s
before q uestion 3 1 o n h ow t o e n ter yo u r a n swers i n the g r i d . You m a y use a n y ava i l a b l e s p a c e
i n yo u r test booklet f o r scra tc h wo rk.

Ut•)ifj
l . The use of a c a l c u lator is permitted .
2 . A l l va r i a b l e s a n d expressions used represent rea l n u m be rs u n less otherwise i n d icate d .
3 . F i g u res p rovided i n t h i s test a re d rawn t o s c a l e u n less otherwise i n d icated .
4. A l l fig u res l i e i n a p l a n e u n less otherwise i n d icated .
5. U n less otherwise i n d icated, the d o m a i n of a g iven function f is the set of a l l rea l n u m be rs for w h i c h
f(x) i s a rea l n u m be r.

REFERENCE

2� x 5 � sFz
G CJ � ,�
A = rrr2
C = 2rrr
A = lw
h a
c' = a' + h'
� �
Special Right Triangles

Cd �
V G
4 l
V = lwh V= rrr'h V = - rrr3 V = - rrr'h V = � lwh
3 3 3

The n u m be r of deg rees of a rc i n a c i rc l e i s 360.

The n u m ber of rad i a n s of a rc i n a c i rc l e i s 211.
The s u m of the m e a s u res i n deg rees of the a ng l e s of a tri a n g l e is 1 8 0.

CO N T I N U E
CHAPTER 2 / DIAGNOSTIC SAT SS

• •
a - b = lO RESULTS OF FAVORABILITY POLL
a - 2b = 8
Favorable Unfavorable No Total
Based on the system of equations above, what is the Opinion
value of b? Men 26 12
A) - 2 Women 13 89
B) - 1 Total 59 162
C)
D) 2
The table above shows the partial results of a favor­
ability poll for a local politician. If the data shown
are correct, how many of the women who were
polled viewed the politician unfavorably?
• A) 33
The average (arithmetic mean) of three numbers B) 43
is 50. If two of the numbers have a sum of 85, what is
the third number? C) 61
A) 75 D) It cannot be determined by the information
given.
B) 70
C) 65
D) 55 ..
If 22n -2 = 32, what is the value of n?
.. A) 2.0
What number is the same percent of 225 as 9 is of 25? B) 2 . 5
A) 27 C) 3.0

B) 54 D) 3.5

C) 64
D) 81 •
A bag of Nellie's Nut Mix contains x ounces of wal­
nuts, 15 ounces of peanuts, and 20 ounces of pecans.
Which of the following expresses the fraction of the
mix, by weight, that is walnuts?
A) 35x
x
B) 35 - x
x
C)
35 + x
35 - x
D)
35 + x

CO NTI N U E
56 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

• --

Questions 9 and 1 0 a re based on the g raph

k below.

35° ANNUAL REVENUE PER STORE

12 1, 000 .
II
4
,..--.,
Vt
'-
0
I n the triangle above, what i s the value o f k?
( sin = cos =
35° 0.574, 35° 0.819, 35° 0.7 00)
tan =
rfl
"O
c
8 00 4t 4t

ro
v
rfl
::l 4t
6 00
A) 6.00 0 ,�•
B) 6.88 E •• /
•v-4• 4t
v
a;

4 00
C) 8.40 .....
0
9.83 .....
VJ
•t v
�
D) v ,. "
.....
0 • ••
a; 4
Po<

2 00 /
a; V 4t
::l 0
..

Iii c 0
a;
>
a;
i:i:::
0
2 00 4 2 00 6 2 00 8 2 0 10 2 0 12
Year

•
The scatterplot above shows the a n nual revenue for
each of the individual retail stores operated by a
clothing company for each yea r from 2004
through
2012. Based on the line of best fit to the data shown,
which of the following is closest to the average
The figure above shows a polygon with five sides. annual i ncrease in revenue per store?
What i s the average ( arithmetic mean ) of the mea­
sures, in degrees, of the five angles shown?
A) $5,000
B) $50,000
A) 108° C) $100,000
B) ll0°
C) ll2° D) $500,000
D) 1 14°

CONTI NUE
CHAPTER 2 I DIAGNOSTIC SAT 57

1111
Which of the following statements is most directly
justified by the data shown in the scatterplot above?
y
A) The average revenue per store increased by
over 100% from 2005 to 2009. m

B) The total number of retail stores increased by

50% from 2005 to 2 0 1 2 .
C ) The total revenue from a l l stores i n 2012 was
more than three times the total revenue from
x
all stores in 2004.
D) The total revenue from all stores in 2008 was
over $ 1 million.

• Note: Figure not drawn to scale .

Which of the following statements expresses the fact

that the product of two numbers, a and b, is 6 greater In the figure above, if m I I /, what is the area, i n
than their sum? square units, of the shaded rectangle?
A) ab + 6 > a + b A) 156
B) ab = a + b + 6 B) 168
C) ab + 6 = a + b C) 180
D) ab > a + b + 6 D) 192

Ill
The Glenville Giants h ave played a total of 1 2 0
2
games a n d h ave a win-to-loss ratio of to 3 . How
many more games have t hey lost than won?
A) 24
B) 30
C) 40
D) 48

CO N T I N U E
58 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

-
•••
•••
•••

Ill •--
A culture of bacteria initially contained p cells, y = -3(x - 2)2 + 2
where p > 100.After one hour, this population
I n the xy-plane, line l passes through the point
decreased by � - I n the second and third hours, (- 1 , 3) and the vertex of the parabola with equation
3
however, the population increased by 40% and 50%, above. What is the slope of line /?
respectively. At the end of those first three hours,
what was the population of the culture? 2
A) - -
A) l . 3p 3
B) l .4p 1
B) --
C) l . 5p 2
D) l .6p 1
C) --
3

Ill D) 1
-
1 3
I f (6 -2)(m-2) = - , what is the value of m2?
16

1 1111
A)
9 A certain function takes a n input value and trans­
forms it i nto a n output value according to the
B) 4
following three- step procedure:
9
Step 1: Multiply the i nput value by 6.
9
C) Step 2 : Add x to this result.
16
9 Step 3: D ivide this result by 4 .
D)
4 I f a n i nput of 7 to this function yields a n output of 1 5,
what is the value of x?
1111 A) 1 2
A jar contains only red, white, and blue marbles. It
B) 16
contains twice as many red marbles as white mar­
bles and three times as many white marbles as blue C) 18
marbles. I f a marble is chosen at random, what is the D) 24
probability that it is not red?

A) -
5

B) 2
5

C) 3
5

0)
4
5

CONTI NUE
CHAPTER 2 I DIAGNOSTIC SAT 59

Ill
The variables x and y are believed to correlate
according to the equation y = ax2 + bx + c, where a,
b, and c are constants. Which of the following scat­
terplots would provide the strongest evidence i n
support o f t h e hypothesis that a < O?
A) x < --
A) y
On a number line, the coordinates of points P and R
are p and r, respectively, and p < r. I f the point with
coordinate x is closer to p than to r, then which of the
following statements must be true?
p-r
2

• B) p+r
x< --

2
C) lx - pl < r
•
• D) lx + pl < r - p
• •

Ill
B) y

1( J_m )
Let function J(x) be defined by the equation

J(x) = _
1 _ . I f m is a positive integer, then =

2-x
•
•
•
•• m
•
A)
• 2m - l
• •

B) m
m2 - l

C) y C) 1
2-m
D) 2 - m

•
•
•
• m
•
The value of y varies with x according to the equa­
• • tion y a(x - 2)(x + 1), where a < 0. As the value of
x
=

x increases from 0 to 5, which of the following best

describes the behavior of y?
D) y
A) It i ncreases and then decreases.

•
B) It decreases and then increases .
C) It i ncreases only.
D) It decreases on ly.
. .
. .
•
•

CONTIN U E
60 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Ill
2
n -9 Every athlete i n a group of 60 female varsity athletes
I f the expression i s equivalent to the at Greenwich High School either runs track, plays
n2 + 3
soccer, or does both. If one-third of the athletes i n
expression 1 - ---!:-
n +3
for all values of n, what is the this group who play on the soccer t e a m a l s o run
on the track team, and one-half of the athletes i n
value of k? this group who r u n on t h e track team also play o n
t h e soccer team, which o f t h e following statements
A) - 1 2 must b e true?
B) -6 A) This group contains 40 soccer players.
C) 6 B) This group contains 20 athletes who play soccer
D) 12 but do not run track.
C) This group contains 20 athletes who play both
track and soccer.
D) The number of soccer players in this group
An online trading company charges a 3% commis­ is 15 greater than the number of track team
sion for all stock purchases. I f a trader purchases members i n this group.
200 shares of a stock through this company and is
charged $3,399 including commission, what is the
cost per share for this stock?
A) $16.45
y
B) $ 16.48 y = f(x)
C) $16.50
D) $16.52

m
For nonzero numbers w and y, if w is 50% greater
than y, then what is the ratio of w - 2 to y-2? ( 1 , - 2)

A) 4 to 9
B) 2 to 3 A portion of the graph of the quadratic function
C) 9 to 4 y = J(x) is shown i n the xy-plane above. The function
D) 4 to 1
=
g is defined by the equation g(x) J(x) + b. I f the
equation g(x) = 0 has exactly one solution, what is
the value of b?
A) - 2
B) -1
C)
D) 2

CO NTI N U E
CHAPTER 2 I DIAGNOSTIC SAT 61

Jr
I f cos x = where - < x < Jr, and cos y
a,
2
= -a, If the data in the table above are assumed to be rep­
resentative of the general voting population, which
then which of the following could be the value of y? of the following statements is most directly justified
A) x + 211 by these data7
B) x + 11 A) The approval rate for Proposal 8 l a generally
Jr decreases with the age of the voter.
C) x + -
2 B) The disapproval rate for Proposal 8 l a generally
D) -x + 211 increases with the age of the voter.
C) Those who express a n opinion on Proposal 8 l a
------- ..- -------
a r e more likely to b e over 64 t h a n they a r e to b e
under 4 0 .
Questions 29 and 30 refer to the following D ) I n a l l three age categories, voters a r e more than
ta ble. twice as likely to approve of Proposal 1 8 a than
to have no opinion about it.
OPINION POLL ON PROPOSAL 8 1 A
--------� • ------

Age of Approve Disapprove No Total

Voter Opinion

1 8 to 39 918 204 502 1 , 624

40 to 64 1 , 040 502 102 1 ,644

65 and
604 420 l l5 1 , 1 39
older

Total 2,562 1,126 719 4,407

Of those surveyed who expressed an opinion on

Proposal 8 l a, approximately what percentage are
under 40 years of age?
A) 30%
B) 38%
C) 68%
D) 72%

CONTI NUE
62 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

-
•••
•••
•••

7
Student- Produced Response Questions Answer: 12 Answer: 2 . 5

D I RECTI O N S
Write a n swe r --+ 7 I 2 2 5
in boxe s .
F raction
l i ne Dec i m a l
For questions 3 1 -38, solve the p ro b l e m a n d e n te r you r po i n t
a n swer i n t h e g rid, a s descri bed below, o n the a n swer
s heet. G r i d i n -+
res u l t .

l. Although not req u i red, it i s s u g g ested that you write

you r a n swer i n the boxes at the to p of the c o l u m n s to
h e l p yo u fi l l i n the c i rc l es accu rately. You w i l l rece ive
c re d i t o n l y if the c i rcl es a re f i l l ed in correctly. A n swer: 2 0 1

2. Mark no m o re t h a n one c i rc l e in a ny col u m n . E i ther po s i t i o n i s correct.

2 0 2 0
3. N o q u e s t i o n h a s a n eg ative a n swe r.

4. S o m e p ro b l e m s may have m o re t h a n one correct

�
a n swe r. In such ca ses, g rid only one a n swer.

5. Mixed n u m bers s u c h a s 3 m ust be g ridded as

7
3 . 5 or .

�
2

(If 3 is entered into the g rid as � , it w i l l be

l )
i nterprete d a s 2 , not 3 2 .
. 31

6 . Decimal a n swers: I f you obta i n a d ec i m a l a n swer

wi th more d i g its tha n the g rid can accommodate, it
may be either rou n ded or truncated, but it m ust fi l l the
entire g r i d .

CO NTI N U E
CHAPTER 2 I DIAGNOSTIC SAT 63

IJI m
Ify varies inversely as x, and y = 1/2 when x = 10, then If (cos x)(sin x) 0.2, what is the value of
for what value of x does y = 25? (cos x + sin x)2?

m
I f x2 + 1 2x = 13, and x < 0, what is the value of x27
MONTHLY SALES (FEBRUARY)
Item Price Per Number
Item Sold

Model AT350 $ 1 20 20

I '
Model U32 $98 80
/
x / '
/ '
l
Model GY53 $140 62

y Model CDP3 $ 1 62 38

t
x
' y
'
' /
/
/
Model AP14 $ l l0 40

1
>-- X y X--< The table above shows information about the
February sales for five different cell phone models
at a local store. What was the median price, to the
Four triangles are to be cut and removed from a nearest dollar, of the 240 phones sold in February?
square piece of sheet metal to create an octagonal
sign with eight equal sides, as shown in the figure
above. If the total area of the removed material is
1 9 6 square centimeters, what is the perimeter, in
centimeters, of the octagon?

ID
I f m and n are integers such that m2 + n2 = 40 and
m < 0 < n , what is the value of (m + n)2?

CONTIN U E
64
Questions 3 7 and 38 a re based on the scena rio
described below. E nter you r responses on the
corresponding grids on you r answer sheet.
Performance Banner Company creates promotional
banners that i nclude company logos. The Zypz
Running Shoe Company would like a 4-foot h igh
and 20-foot long banner that i ncludes its logo, which
has a height-to-length ratio of 5:8.
I f the logo were scaled so that its height matched
the height of the banner and then were placed
i n the center of the banner, then what would be
the width, in feet, of each margin on either side
of the logo?
STOP
If you fi nish before time is cal led, you may check you r work on this section on ly.
Do not turn to a ny other section of the test.
McGraw-Hill Education: SAT
Performance B anner Company charges its custom­
ers $ 1 .20 per square foot for the banner material,
$2.50 per square foot of any printed logo, and $32
i n fixed costs per banner. The Zypz Running Shoe
Company i s considering two options for the banner:
one with a single logo, and another with two logos.
I f these logos are all to be the same size as described
i n Part 1 , what percent of the banner costs would the
company save by choosing the single-logo option
i nstead of the two-logo option? ( Ignore the % sym­
bol when entering into the grid. For example, enter
27% as 27. )
------ · ------
CHAPTER 7 / THE SAT MATH TEST: THE HEART OF ALGEBRA 285

• ..
( 1 - ( 1 - ( 1 - 2))) - ( 1 - (1 - (1 - 3))) = The product of x and y is 36. I f both x and y are
integers, then what is the least possible value

I I I I I of x - y?
A) -37
B) -36
• C) -35
When 14 is subtracted from 6 times a number, 40 is
D) - 9
left . What is half the number?

I I I I I ..
I f a factory can manufacture b computer screens i n
n days a t a cost o f e dollars p e r screen, t h e n which of
.. the following represents the total cost, in dollars, of
Four consecutive even numbers have a sum of 76. the computer screens that can be manufactured, at
What is the greatest of these numbers? that rate, in m days?
bem
I I I I I A)
n
bmn
B)
e
• me
C)
5x bn
I f - + 3 = 7, then lOx + 12 =
2 be
D)

I I I I
mn

1111
Iii Which of the following is equivalent to
What number decreased by 7 equals the opposite of 5x(2x x 3) - 5x2 for all real values of x?
five times the number?
A) 5x2 + 1 5x

I I I I I
B) 25x2
C) 5x2 - 1 5x
D) 1 0x2 x 1 5x - 5x2
•
I f 5d + 1 2 = 24, then 5d - 1 2 =
•
I I I I I The symbol 0 represents one of the fu ndamental
operators: +, - , x , or +. I f (x 0 y) x (y 0 x) = 1 for
all posit ive values of x and y, then 0 can represent
• A) +
2 2
I f _L = y 2 , then y + 5 = B) x
5

I I I
C)
D)
286 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exerc ise Set 1 (Ca lculator)

Ill Ill
The difference of two numbers is 4 and their sum For all real numbers x and y, 4x(x) - 3xy(2x) =

is 14. What is their product?

A) 1 2x2y(x - 2y)

I I I I I B) 2x2(2 - 3y)
C) 2x2(2 + 3y)
D ) 4xy(x - 3y)
Ill
If x + y - 1 = 1 - ( 1 - x), what is the value of y ?
Ill
I I I I If a = 60(99)99 + 30(99)99, b = 99 1 00, and c = 90(90)99,
then which of the following expresses the correct
ordering of a , b, and c?
ID A) c <b<a
If 3x2 + 2x = 40, then 1 5x2 + lOx = B) b < c < a

I I I I
C) a < b < c
D) c < a < b

ID •
Ellen is currently twice as old as Maria, but in
Which of the following statements must b e true for
6 years, Maria will b e 2/3 as old as Ellen. How old is
all values of x, y, and z?
Ellen now?
I . (x + y) + z = (z + y) + x
I I . (x - y) - z = (z - y) - x
I I I . (x -7 y) -7 z = (z -7 y) -7 x

• A) I only
If 2x - 2y = 5 and x + y = 6, what is the value B) I and I I only
of x2 - y2? C ) I and I I I only
D ) I I and I I I only
I I I I
Ill
Ill Carlos began with twice as much money as David
On a typical day, a restaurant sells n grilled cheese sand­ had. After Carlos gave $ 1 2 to David, Carlos still had
wiches for p dollars each. Today, however, the manager $10 more than David. How much money did they
reduced the price of grilled cheese sandwiches by have combined at the start?
30% and as a result sold 50% more of them than usual.
Which of the following represents the revenue for A) $34
today's grilled cheese sandwich sales, in dollars? B) $68
A) O . S np - 0.3 C ) $ 102
B) l .OSnp D ) $108
C ) l .20np
D) l . SOnp
292 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

• •
I f bag A weighs 4 pounds 5 ounces and bag B weighs (x - 9)(x - a) = x2 - 4ax + b
6 pounds 2 ounces, how much heavier, in ounces, is
I n the equation above, a and b are constants. I f the
bag B than bag A? (1 pound = 16 ounces)
equation is true for all values of x, what is the value

I I I I I
of b?
A) -27
B) - 1 2
•
C) 12
3a + b 7 . a
If-- = -, what 1s the value of - ? D) 27
b 5 b

I I I •
If � + 7_ = l , what is the value of x?
..
x 5
2x A) - 2 5-

I f x - 2y = 10 and x ""' 0, what i s the value of --

? 2
y+5 B) -7
24
I I I
C)
7
D) 7
• 5
I f a - b = 4 and a2 - b2 = 3, what is the value of a + b? 1D1

I I I
(p + 2)2 = (p - 5)2
The equation above is true for which of the following
values of p?
.. A) -2 and 5
I f 6 gricks a re equivalent to 5 merts, then 2 merts are
B) 2 and -5
equivalent to how many gricks?
C) 1 . 5 only

I I I D) 5 only

• •
3x . .
If the fu nction {x} is defined by the equation {x} = If --- = 2 for all pos1t1ve values of m and n, then
m - nx
(1 - x)2, what is the value of {{4}}?
which of the following is equal to x?

I I I A) 2m - 2n
3
• B) 2m - 3
2n
a+b a+c . b 3 + 2n
I f -- = 3 and = 5 , what 1s the value of - ?
-- C)
b c c 2m
2m
D)
3 + 2n
CHAPTER 7 / THE SAT MATH TEST: THE HEART OF ALGEBRA 293

Exerc ise Set 2 (Ca lcu lator)

IFI
Let m b e a positive real number. Increasing m by Subtracting 3 from a number and then multiplying
60% then decreasing the result by 50% is equivalent this result by 4 is equivalent to multiplying the origi­
to dividing m by what number? nal number by 4 and then subtracting what number?

I I I I I I I I I I
Ill I n a poker game, a blue chip is worth 2 dollars more
What is the sum of the first 50 positive even integers? than a red chip, and a red chip is worth 2 dollars
more than a green chip. I f 5 green chips are worth m
dollars, then which of the following represents the

I I I I I value, in dollars, of 10 blue chips and 5 red chips?

A) 50 + 3m
B) 18 + 60m
ID
C) 40 + 3m
Three years ago, Nora was half as old as Mary is
now. I f Mary is four years older than Nora, how old D) 28 + 20m
is Mary now?

I I I I I
I f 2/3 of the seats at a football stadium were filled
at the beginning of the game, and at halftime 1,000
spectators left, leaving 3/7 of the seats filled, what is
the total number of seats i n the stadium?
A train travels at a n average speed of 50 miles per
hour for the first 100 miles of a 200-mile trip, and at
an average of 75 miles per hour for final 100 miles.
What is the train's average speed for the entire trip?
A) 58.5 mph
B) 60.0 mph
C) 62.5 mph
D) 63.5 mph

m
Which of the following is equivalent to 3m(m2 x 2 m)
for all real values of m?
A) 3m2 + 6m
I f three candy bars and two gumdrops cost $2.20, B) 3m2 x 6m
and four candy bars and two gumdrops cost $2.80,
C) 3m3 x 6m2
what is the cost, in dollars, of one gumdrop?
D) 6m4

I I I I I m
If the cost ofliving in a certain city increased by 20% in
the 10 years from 1980 to 1990, and i ncreased by 50%
DI in the 20 years from 1980 to 2000, what was the per­
x 2 - 2x + 1 cent increase in the cost of living from 1990 to 2000?
If = - 3, what is t h e value of x - 1?
2 - 2x
A) 1 5%
B) 20%

I I I I I C)
D)
25%
30%
CHAPTER 7 I THE SAT MATH TEST: THE HEART OF ALGEBRA 301

• •
I f x - 2(1 - x) = 5, what is the value of x? x + 1 2x .
I f -- + - = 1, what 1s the value of x?
10 5

I I I I I I I I I I
I f f(x) = -2x + 8, and f(k) = - 10, what is the value •
of k? What is the y-intercept of the line containing the
poi nts (3, 7) and (6, 3)?

I I I I I I I I
..
What is the slope of the line that contains the points Ill
(-2, 3) and (4, 5)?
I n the xy-plane, the graph of y = h(x) is a line with
slope -2. I f h(3) = 1 and h(b) = - 9, what is the value

I I I I I
of b?

•
What is the slope of the line described by the
I I I I I
l 1 5
equation - + - = - ?
x 2x y ..
If a train maintains a constant speed of 60 miles per
hour, it can travel 4 miles per gallon of diesel fuel. If
this train begins a trip with a full 200 gallon tank of die­
sel fuel, and maintains a speed of 60 miles per hour,
.. which of the following equations represents the num­
ber of gallons, g, left in the tank t hours into the trip?
Line l is perpendicular to the line described by the ) 200 - 60t
equation 5x + l ly = 16. What is the slope of line /? A g=
4
1
B) g = 200 - -

I I I
1 5t
C) g = 200 - 1 5 t
1
D) g = 200 - - t
15
302 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

1111 • -��.�--- -·-

The points A(2, 3) and B(m, 1 1), are 10 units apart.

Which of the following equations could describe the y
line that contains points A and B? (5 , 6)
A) Bx + 6y = 1 1
B) Bx - 6y = -2
C) 6x + By = 36
D) 6x - By = - 1 2 0
(k, 0)

The figure above shows a right triangle with vertices

at the origin, (5, 6) and (k, 0). What is the value of k?
A) 19
3
B) 5B
5
C) 26
3
D) 6 1
5
CHAPTER 7 / THE SAT MATH TEST: THE H EART OF ALGEBRA 303

5 g q ue tj a #&&f

IFI ..
If the points (2, 4), (5, k), and (8, 20) are on the same If � + 2- = 4 , what is the value of x?
line, what is the value of k? x 5x

I I I I I I I I I I
Ill
Line l has a slope of 3 and a y-intercept of - 4. What Ill
is its x-intercept? If the line 3x - 2y 1 2 is graphed in the xy-plane,
=

what is its x-intercept?

I I I I I I I I
m
If f(- 1) 1 and 1(3) 2 and f is a linear function,
= =
Ill
what is the slope of the graph y = f(x)? If the graphs of the equations 5x - 2y 5 and
=

6x + ky = 9 are perpendicular, what is the value of k?

I I I I I I I I I I
Bl
I f f(- 1) 1 and 1(3)
= = 2 and f is a linear fu nction,
what is f(5)? The net profit for the sales of a product is equal to the
total revenue from the sales of that product minus
the total cost for the sales of that product. If a par­
I I I I I ticular model of calculator sells for $98, and the cost
for making and selling n of these calculators is
$(35n + 1 20,000), which of the following equations
expresses the net profit i n dollars, P, for making and
selling n of these calculators?
I n the xy-plane, the graph ofline n has an x-intercept
of 2b and a n y-intercept of - 8b, where b o;e 0. What is A) P = 63n - 1 20,000
the slope of line n? B) P = 63n + 1 20,000
C) P = 63(n - 1 20,000)

I I I I I D) P = 63(n + 1 20,000)
304 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Which of the following represents the equation

x 2 3 4
of the line with an x-intercept of 5 and a y-intercept
of 6? f(x) a 8 b

6
A) y - 6 = - - (x - 5) The table above shows several ordered pairs corre­
5
sponding to the linear function f What is the value
5
B) y - 6 = - - (x - 5) of a + b?
6
6 A) 1 2
C) y - 6 = - - X
5 B) 1 6
5
D) y - 6 = - - x C) 20
6
D) It cannot be determined from the information
given.
310 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exerc ise¥ Set 4 (No Calcu lator) MM ¥ FEW !1 flii Mi t l &12' &b i' Ht "

• Ill
What positive number is twice as fa r from 1 0 as it is Which of the following statements is equivalent to
from 1 ? the statement -4 < 2x � 2?
A) x > -2 and x � 1

I I I I I B) x < -2 or x 2'. 1
C) x 2: -2 and x < 1

n D) x � -2 or x > 1

I f the points (2, a) and (14, b) are 20 units apart, what

is la - W B
The annual profit from the sales of an item is equal

I I I I
to the annual revenue minus the annual cost for
that item. The revenue from that item is equal to the
number of units sold times the price per unit. I f n
u n its of a portable heart monitor were sold i n 201 2 at
.. a price of $65 each, and the annual cost to produce n
What is the least integer n for which O < � < � ? units was $(20,000 l On), then which of the follow­
n 9
ing statements indicates that the total profit for this
heart monitor in 2 0 1 2 was greater than $500,000?
I I I I A) 500,000 < 55n - 20,000
B) 500,000 > 55n - 20,000
II C) 500,000 < 55n + 20,000n
I f Ix + 4 1 = Ix - 51, what is the value of x?
D) 500,000 < 75n - 20,000n

I I I I I Colin can read a maximum of 25 pages an hou r. I f he

.. has been reading a 250 page book for h hours, where
h < 10, and has p pages left to read, which of the fol­
What is the greatest integer value of n such that lowing expresses the relat ionship between p and h?
n 1 25
-- > - -?
21 2 A) 250 - p � h

I I I I I 25
>p+-
B) 250 -
h
• C) 250 - p � 25h
1 3 D) 250 + 25h � p
What is the only integer b for which - > - and
3b 2: 7. 5? b 11

m
On the real number l ine, a number, x, is more than
4 times as far from 1 0 as it is from 40. Which of
the following statements describes all possible val­
ues of x?
•
A) x < 34 or x > 50
I f (b + 2)2 = (b - 5)2, what is the value of b?
B) x > 40
C) 34 < x < 50

I I D) 32.5 < x < 1 60

CHAPTER 7 I THE SAT MATH TEST: THE HEART OF ALGEBRA 31 1

Exerc ise Set 4 (Ca lc u lator)

1111
If a < 0 and la - 51 = 7, what is lal? If the average (arithmetic mean) of a and b is greater
than the average (arithmetic mean) of c and 2b,
which of the following must b e true?

I I I I I A) b > O
B) a > b

111 C) a > b + c
If n i s a positive i nteger and 16 > 1 6 - 3nl > 19, what D) a + c > b
is the value of n?
Ill

I I I I I
Of the statements below, which is equivalent to the
statement "The distance from x to 1 i s greater than
the distance from x to 3?
A) 1 <x<3
ID
B) x > 2
What is the only integer n such that 20 - 2n > 5 and
2n C) x < 2
- > 4?
3 D) x - 1 > 3

m
Which of the following is equivalent to the statement
4x2 2: 9?
DI
A) 2x > 3
What i s the smallest number that is as far from 9.25
as 3 i s from - 1 .5? B) x 2: 1 . 5 or x :::; - 1 .5
C) lxl > 2

I I
D) - 1 . 5 S x S 1 . 5

•
If l2x + I I = 2lk - 4 for all values of x, what is the 0 6
value of lkl?
The graph above indicates the complete solution set
to which of the following statements?

I I I I I A) Ix - 3 1 > 3
B) lxl < 6
C) Ix - 6 1 < 6
Ill
D) Ix - 3 1 < 3
Which of the following is equivalent to the statement
Ix - 21 < I?
m
A) x<3 Which of the following is true for all real values of x?
B) x < -l A) lxl > 0
C) l <x<3 B) x < 2 or x > 1
D) -1 < x < 3 C) x > -2 or x < -3
D ) x2 - 1 > 0
318 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exerc ise Set S (No Ca lc u lator)

• •
I f 3x + 2y = 72, and y = 3x, what is the value of x? I f ab = - 4 and abc = 1 2, what is the value of _!__ ?
ab

I I I I I I I I I I
• •
If 2a - 7b = 10 and 2a + 7b = 2, what is the value of I f a and b are constants and the graphs of the lines
4a2 - 49b2? 2x - 3y = 8 and ax + by = 2 are perpendicular, then
what is the value of 3a ?
b
I I
..
I f the lines y = - 4x - 3 and y = -3x - b intersect at •
the point (- 1 , c), what is the value of b?
Sx - y = 1 1
2x - 2y = 9

I I Based on the system of equations above, what is the

value of 3x + y?

• A) -2
I f the lines 4x + Sy = 1 3 and 4y + kx = 2 are parallel, B) 0
what is the value of k? C) 2
D) 4

I I I
Two numbers have a difference of 4 and a sum of -7 .
.. What is their product?
I f the lines 4x + Sy = 1 3 and 6y - kx = 6 are perpen­
A) -33
dicular, what is the value of k?
B ) - 10.2S
C) 8.2S
I I I I I D) 10.2S

.. Ill
2a It costs Emma p dollars to make each of her custom
bracelets, which she sells for m dollars apiece. She
b 3
makes a profit of $60 if she makes and sells S of these
c s
-+l=­ bracelets, but she only makes a profit of $10 if she
b 3 makes S bracelets but only sells 4 of them. How much
does it cost Emma to make each bracelet?
B ased on the system of equations above, what is the
value of f!_ ? A) $36
c
B ) $38
C) $48
D) $SO
CHAPTER 7 I THE SAT MATH TEST: THE HEART OF ALGEBRA 319

Exerc ise Set 5 (Ca lcu lator)

Ill m
I f 2y = x + 1 and 4x + 6y = 0, then y = The average (arithmetic mean) of x and y is 14. I f the
value of x is doubled and the value of y is tripled,
the average (arithmetic mean) of the two numbers

I I I I I remains the same. What is the value of x?

Ill
4 6
I I I I I
I f 6x + 7y = - and 6x - 7y = -, then y =
5 5

I I I I I
7m + lOn = 7
6m + 9n = 1
Based on the system of equations above, what is the
2x - Sy = 20 value of 4m + 4n?
lOx - 25y = 4k

ID
For what value of k does the system of equations
above have at least one solution?
I I I I
I n the xy-plane, perpendicular lines a and b inter­
sect at the point (2, 2). I f line a contains the point

I I I I I
(7, 1), which of the following points is on line b?
A) (0, 1)
B) (4, 5)
Ill C) (7, 3)
At the beginning of the week, the ratio of cats to D) (3, 7)
dogs at Glenna's Pet Store was 4 to 5. By the end of
the week, the number of cats had doubled, while the
number of dogs had increased by 1 2 . If the ratio of
c ats to dogs at the end of the week was 1 to 1, how Which of the following pairs of equations has no
many cats did the store have at the b eginning of the solution in common?
week? A) 2x - 3y = 1 and 6x - 9y = 3
B) y = 4x and y = - 4x

I I C) 2x - 3y = 1 and 6x - 9y = 2
D) y = 4x and 2y - 8x = 0

Jenny originally had twice as many friendship

I n the xy-plane, the line l is perpendicular to the
bracelets as Emilie. After Jenny gave Emilie 5 of her
friendship bracelets, Jenny still had 10 more than line described by the equation _!_ + � = _!_ . What is
Emilie. How many friendship bracelets did Jenny the slope of line l? x 2Y Y
have originally?
A) -2
1

I I I I
B)
2
C)
2
D) 2
CHAPTER 8 / THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATA ANALYSIS 329

E xer�ise Set 1 ( N o Calcu lator)

• •
The "range" of a set of data is defined as the absolute If p varies i nversely as q and p = 4 when q = 6, the
difference between the least value and the greatest which of the following is another solution for p and q?
value i n the set. Four positive integers have a n aver­
A) p = 8 and q = 1 2
age (arithmetic mean) of 7. 5.
B) p = 8 and q = 1 0
a. What is the greatest possible range of this set?
C) p = 12 and q = 1

I I I I I D) p = 1 2 and q = 2

b . What is the least possible range of this set?

g
I I I I I A set of n numbers has a n average (arithmetic mean)
of3k and a sum of 1 2m, where k and m are both posi­
tive. Which of the following is equivalent to n ?
II A)
4m
B)
4k
C)
k
I f the median of 2, 4, 6, and b is 4.2, what is the aver­ k m 4m
age (arithmetic mean) of these four numbers?
m

I I I I I
D)
4k

•
• I f y varies inversely as the square of x, then when x is
The average (arithmetic mean) of 2, 5, 8 and k is 0. multiplied by 4, y will be
What is the median of these numbers? A) divided by 16

I I I I I
B) divided by 2
C) multiplied by 2
D) multiplied by 1 6
•
A set of numbers has a sum of 48 and an average of 6 .
H o w many numbers a r e i n t h e set?
1111
Letf(x, y) = Ax2y3 where A is a constant. I ff(a, b) = 10,

I I I I I
what is the value off(2a, 2b)?
A) 100
B) 260
..
C) 320
I f the average (arithmetic mean) of 4 and x is equal
to the average (arithmetic mean) of 2, 8, and x, what D) 500
i s the value of x?

•
I I I I I A set of four integers has a mode of 7 and a median of
4. What is the greatest possible average (arithmetic
• mean) of this set?
The median of a set of 22 consecutive even integers A) 3.50
is 25. What is the l argest number in the set? B) 3 .75

I I I I I
C) 4.00
D) 4.25
330 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exe rc ise Set 1 (Ca lc u la tor)

Four positive i ntegers have a mode of 4 and a median I f y varies i nversely as x and the graph of their rela­
of 3 . What is their sum? tion i n the xy-plane passes through the point (2, 1 5),
what i s the value of y when x = 4?

I I I I I I I I I I
Ill Ill
Five different integers have a n average (arithmetic
mean) of 10. I f none is less than 5, what i s the great­ Roll Frequency
est possible value of one of these i ntegers?
1 4

I I I I I
2 5
3 4
4 6

•
5 5
6 6
I f b varies i nversely as a, and b = 0.5 when a = 32,
then for how many ordered pairs (a, b) are a and b
both positive i ntegers? A six-sided die was rolled 30 times and the results
tabulated above. What i s the d i fference between

I I I I I the average (arithmetic mean) of the rolls and the

median of the rolls?
A) 0 . 1

Ill B) 0.2
The median of 1 1 consecutive integers i s 28. What is C ) 0.3
the least of these integers? D) 0.4

I I I I I
I f y varies i nversely as the square of x, and y = 4
• when x = 2, then what i s the value of y when x = 3?
I fy = Ax3 and y = 108 when x = 3, then for what value 16
A)
of x does y = 62.5? 9

I I I I I B) 8
3
C) 3
D) 9
•
A set of four positive i ntegers has a median of 2 and
a mode of 2 . I f the average (arithmetic mean) of this
set is 3, what is the largest p ossible number i n the
set?
CHAPTER 8 I THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATA ANALYSIS 331

• m
At a fixed temperature, the volume of a sample of If the graph of y = J(x) i n the xy-plane contains the
gas varies i nversely as the pressure of the gas. If the points (4, 3) and (16, 6), which of the fol lowing could
pressure of a sample of gas at a fixed temperature be t rue?
is increased by 50%, by what percent is the volume
A) y varies directly as the square of x
decreased?
B) y varies inversely as the square of x
A) 25%
C) y varies directly as the square root of x
1
B) 33 - % D) y varies inversely as the square root of x
3
C) 50%
2
D) 66 - %
3
CHAPTER 8 / THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATA ANALYSIS 337

Exercise Set 2 (Ca lcu lator)

• ..
I f a train travels at a constant rate of 50 miles per
hour, how many m inutes will it take to travel 90
miles?
A motorcycle has a fuel efficiency of 60 miles per gal­
lon when it is cruising at a speed of 50 miles per hour.
How many hours can it travel at 50 miles per hour on
a full tank of gas, if its tank can hold 10 gallons?

I I I I I I I I I I
•
Two cars leave the same point simultaneously, going •
in the same direction along a straight, flat road, one I f the ratio of a to b i s 3 to 4, and the ratio of a to c i s
at 35 miles per hour and the other at 50 miles per 5 to 2, what is t h e ratio of b to c?
hour. After how many minutes will the cars be 5
A) 3 to 10
miles apart?
B) 3 to 5

I I I I I C) 5 to 3
D) 10 to 3

..
I f a $6,000 contribution is divided among chari­
ties A, B, and C i n a ratio of 8:5:2, respectively, how
much more, i n dollars, does charity A receive than
charity C?
..
A paint mixture consists of a 3:2: 1 1 ratio ofred, violet,
and white, respectively. How m a ny ounces of violet
are needed to m a ke 256 ounces of this mixture?

I I I I I
A ) 32
B) 36
C) 46
• D) 48
I f a car traveling at 60 mph is chasing a car travelling
at 50 mph and is 114 mile behind, how many minutes
will it take the first car to catch the second? •
A pool that holds 20,000 gallons is 114 full. A pump
I I I I I can deliver g gallons of water every m m i nutes. If
the pumping company charges d dollars per min­
ute, how much will it cost, i n dollars, to fil l the pool?
.. 5, 000 md
A)
A truck's gas tank can hold 1 8 gallons. I f the tank is g
2/3 full and the truck travels for 4 hours at 60 miles 5, 000 gd
per hour until it runs out of gas, what is the efficiency B)
m
of the truck, i n miles per gallon?
1 5 , 000 md
C)

I I I I I
g
5, 000 gd
D)
m
338 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Ill
Yael travels to work at an average speed of 40 miles 2a 1 c 1 . a
I f - = - and - - -, what is -?
per hour and returns home by the same route at 24 3b 5 2b 2 c

miles per hour. I f the total time for the round trip is
2 hours, how many miles is her trip to work?
A) 25 I I I
B) 30
C) 45
D) 60 I f a cyclist races at 30 miles per hour for 1/2 of the
distance of a race, and 45 miles per hour for the fi nal
1/2 of the distance, what is her average speed, i n
ID miles p e r hour, for t h e entire race?

I I I
A hare runs at a constant rate of a miles per hou r,
and a tortoise runs at a constant rate of b miles per
hour, where 0 < b < a. How many more hours will
it take the tortoise to finish a race of d miles than
the hare? ..
Anne can paint a room in 2 hours, and Barbara can
a+b paint the same room in 3 hours. I f they each work
A) --

2d the same rate when they work together as they do

ad - bd alone, how many hours should it take them to paint
B)
ab the same room if they work together?
b-a
C) --

d
ab - bd
D)
ad

What is the average speed, in miles per hour, of a

sprinter who runs 1/.i mile i n 45 seconds? (1 hour =
Janice can edit 700 words per minute and Edward
60 seconds)
can edit 500 words per minute. If each page of text
contains 800 words, how many pages can they edit, A) 1 1 . 25
working together, in 20 minutes? B) 13.5

I I I I
C) 20
D) 22

Ill
I f a printer can print 5 pages in 20 seconds, how
Ill
many pages can it print i n 5 minutes? A car t ravels d miles i n t hours and arrives at its des­
tination 3 hours late. At what average speed, i n miles

I I I I I per hour, should the car h ave gone i n order to arrive

on t ime?

t-3
Ill A) --

d
Traveling at 40 miles per hour, Diego can complete d
his daily commute in 45 minutes. How many min­ B)
t-3
utes would he save if he traveled at 50 miles per d
hour? C) - - 3
t

I I I I
d-3
D)
CHAPTER 8 I THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATA ANALYSIS 339

Ill
In three separate I-mile races, Ellen finished with Sylvia drove 3 1 5 miles and arrived at her destination
times of x minutes, y minutes, and z minutes, in 9 hours. I f she had driven 10 miles per hour faster,
respectively. What was her average speed, in miles how many hours would she have saved on the trip?
per hour, for all three races?
A} 1 .75 hours
x+y+z B) 2.00 hours
A)
3 C} 2 . 2 5 hours
3
B) D} 2.50 hours
x+y+z
x+y+z
C}
180
1 80
D)
x+y+z
CHAPTER 8 / THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATA ANALYSIS 345

Exe rc ise Set 3 Ca lculator

• •
What number is 1 50% of 30? I f the price of a house i ncreased from $40,000 to
$ 1 20,000, what is the percent increase in price?

I I I I I A) 67%
B) 80%

.. C) 200%
D) 300%
If the areas of two circles are i n the ratio of 4:9, the
circumference of the larger circle is how many times
the circumference of the smaller circle?
•
I I I I I At a student meeting, the ratio of athletes to non
athletes is 3:2, and among the athletes the ratio of
males to females is 3:5. What percent of the students
.. at this meeting are female athletes?

What number is 30% less than 70? A) 22.5%

B) 25%

I I I I I C) 27.5%
D) 37.5%

•
What number is the same percent of 36 as 5 is of 24? B

I I I I I
To make a certain purple dye, red dye and blue dye
are m ixed in a ratio of 3:4. To make a certain orange
dye, red dye and yellow dye are mixed in a ratio of 3:2.
If equal a mounts of the p urple and orange dye are
• mixed, what fraction of the new mixture is red dye?

A)
David's motorcycle uses 2/5 of a gallon of gasoline 9
to t ravel 8 miles. At this rate, how many miles can it 20
travel on 5 gallons of gasoline?
B)
2

I I I I C)
18
35
D)
27
.. 40
The retail price of a shirt is $60, but it is on sale at
a 20% discount and you h ave a n additional 20% off
coupon. l f t here is also a 5% sales tax, is the final cost
IJil
of the shirt? If the price of a stock declined by 30% in one yea r
a n d increased b y 8 0 % the next year, b y what percent
A) $34.20 did the price increase over the two-year period?
A) 24%
B) $36.48
C) $37.80
B) 26%
D ) $40.32
C) 50%
D) 500
346 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

• •
A farmer has a n annual budget of $ 1,200 for barley I f the width of a rectangle decreases by 20%, by what
seed, with which he can plant 30 acres of barley. If percent must the length increase i n order for the
next year the cost per pound of the seed is proj ected total area of the rectangle to double? (Ignore the %
to decrease by 20%, how many acres will he b e able symbol when gridding.)
to afford to plant next year on the same budget?
A) 24
B) 25
I I
C) 36
Ill
D) 37. 5
Two middle school classes take a vote on the desti­
nation for a class trip. Class A has 2 5 students, 56%
of whom voted to go to St. Louis. Class B has n stu­
• dents, 60% of whom voted to go to St. Louis. I f 57. 5%
I f x is 3_ % of 90, what is the value of 3_ x?
_
of the two classes combined voted to go to St. Louis,
3 3 what is the value of n?

I I I I I I
Ill
I f n is 300% less than � , what is the value of l nl?
Ill
2 I f 1 2 ounces of a 30% salt solution are mixed with

I I I
24 ounces of a 60% salt solution, what i s the percent
concentration of salt i n the mixture?
A) 45%
ID B) 48%
The cost of a pack of b atteries, after a 5% sales tax, C) 50%
i s $8.40. What was the price before tax, in dollars? D) 54%

I I I I
I f the length of a rectangle i s doubled but its width
Ill is decreased by 10%, by what percent does its area
I f the price of a sweater is marked down from $80 increase?
to $68, what i s the percent discount? (Ignore the % A) 80%
symbol when gridding.)
B) 90%

I I I I I C) 180%
D) 190%

Ill
Three numbers, a, b, and c, are all positive. I f b is
30% greater than a , and c i s 40% greater than b, what
is the value of .£ ?
a

I I I I I
CHAPTER 8 / THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATA ANALYSIS 347

m
The freshman class at H illside H igh School has 45 I f the population of town B is 50% greater than the
more girls than boys. If the class has n boys, what population of town A, and the population of town C
p ercent of the freshman class are girls? is 20% greater than the population of town A, then
what percent greater is the population of town B
n + 45
A) --- % than the population of town C?
2n + 45
l OOn A) 20%
B) --- %
2n + 45 B) 25%
l OO(n + 45) C) 30%
C) %
2n + 45 D) 40
l OOn
D) -- %
n + 45
352 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exercise Set 4 (Ca lc u lator)

• ..
BACTERIA CULTURE POPULATION By what percent did the population of c u lture B
i ncrease over the first 3 m inutes?
M i nutes 0 1 2 3
A) 36.4%
Culture A 520 720 920 1 , 1 20
B) 4 2 . 1 %
Culture B 500 600 720 864 C) 72.8%
D) 172.8%
Which of the fol lowing equations best expresses the
population, P, of bacteria culture A, as a function
of t, in minutes?
A) P = 200t + 520
Questions 6-8 refer t o t h e followi ng i nformation
B ) p = 520(1 .4) '
C ) p = 2,000(t - 0.5)2 TALENT SHOW TICKETS
D) p = 520t + 200
Adult Child Senior Student
Tickets Sold 84 40 16 1 10
.. Total Revenue $630 $200 $96 $495
Which of the fol lowing equations best expresses the
popul ation, P, of bacteria culture B, as a function of
t, i n m i nutes?
•
A) P = lOOt + 500 According to the table above, how much i s the price
B ) p = 500(1 . 2) ' of one senior ticket?
C ) p = 2,000(t - 0.5)2 A) $4.00
D) p = 500t + 100 B ) $6.00
C) $ 1 2 . 0 0

.. D) $16.00
After 2 minutes, the population of culture A is what
percent greater than the popul ation of culture B?
..
A) 16.7% H o w much more is the c o s t of o n e adult t icket than
B ) 20.0% the cost of one student t icket?
C ) 27.8% A) $0.50
D) 1 2 7.8% B ) $ 1 .50
C ) $2.50

• D) $3.00
I f culture A continues to grow at a constant rate, at
what time should its population reach 2,000?
A) 7 minutes 4 seconds
B) 7 minutes 24 seconds
C ) 7 minutes 40 seconds
D) 8 m i nutes 20 seconds
CHAPTER 8 I THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATA ANALYSIS 353

•
Which is closest to the average (arithmetic mean)
price of the 250 tickets sold? Questions 1 2-2 1 refer to the fol lowing
information
A) $5.54
B) $5.59 U.S. ENERGY CONSUMPTION
C) $5.68 (Quadrillion BTU (QBTU))

D) $5.72 Fossil Nuclear Non-nuclea r Total

Fuels Renewables

1950 3 1 .63 0.00 2.98 34.61

1970 63.52 0.24 4.07 67.84
1990 72.33 6.10 6.04 84.47
What is the median price of the 250 tickets sold?
2010 81 . 1 1 8.43 8.09 97.63
A) $5.00
B) $5.50
C) $5.75
D) $6.00 From 1970 to 1990, the percent i ncrease in the U. S.
consumption of nuclear energy was closest to
A) 96%
B) 240%
I f a meeting must take place on the third Tuesday of
C) 2,400%
the month, what is the earliest date of the month on
which it could take place? D) 3,400%
A) the 14th
B) the 15th Ill
C) the 22nd I n a pie graph representing total U. S . energy con­
DJ the 27th sumption in 2010, the sector representing non
nuclear renewables would have a central angle
measuring approximately
Ill A) go
What is the latest date of the month on which the B) 1 2°
meeting could take place?
C) 24°
A) the 13th D) 30°
B) the 14th
C) the 2 1 st
ID
D) the 26th
Nuclear energy and renewable energy are often
grouped together in the category "non-greenhouse"
energy. I n 1 970, approximately what percent of non­
greenhouse energy was nuclear?
A) 0.4%
B) 5.6%
C) 5.9%
D) 6 .4%
354 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Ill Ill
I n 2010 what percent of non-greenhouse energy For how m any of the years shown above did fossil
consumption was nuclear? fuels account for less than 90% of the a n nual U.S.
energy consumption?
A) 9%
B) 29% A) One

C) 49% B) Two

D) 51% C) Three
D) Four

In the four years shown, what percent of the total

energy consumed was due to non-nuclear renewables? Between 1950 and 2010, the average a n nual rate of
A) 5.6% i ncrease in the consumption of non-nuclear renew­
able energy was closest to
B) 6.8%
C) 7.4% A) 0.085 QBTU/yr
D) 7.9% B) 0. 1 28 QBTU/yr
C) 1 .70 QBTU/yr
D) 2.27 QBTU/yr
Ill
What was the percent increase in fossil fuel energy
consumption between 1 950 and 20107
A) 28% Between 1 9 70 and 2010, the a n nual consumption of
B) 6 1% fossil fuels in the U. S . i ncreased nearly linearly. I f
t h i s l i near trend were t o continue, which of t h e fol­
C) 1 24%
lowing is closest to the level of U . S . fossil fuel con­
D) 1 56% sumption we would expect for 2035 (in quadrillion
BTUs)?
A) 90
DI
B) 9 1
The "renewabil ity index" is defined as the fraction
of total U.S. energy consu mption that comes from C ) 92
non-nuclear renewable energy. What was the per­ D) 93
cent increase in the renewability index from 1 9 70 to
2010?
A) 17%
B) 37%
C) 47%
D) 99%
360 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

' **'

•
From 2009 to 2010, the total combined revenue for
Questions 1 -4 refer to the fol lowi ng information a l l stores increased by approximately
A) $50,000
ANNUAL REVENUE PER STORE
B) $200,000
,-..,
0
1 , 000 C) $400,000
V't
'-
0
•
"' 0
D) $600,000
"d 0
c:: 800
"'
ct:J

:i
0 0 /
Vt
•
E 600 ,. v Between 2006 and 2 0 1 2 , what was the percent
CJ.)
,_, ·�• ••
....0.. '.,./ increase in the total number of retail stores for this
C/) 11 / company?
,_,
v ,. ,
t/,
400
CJ.)
0... •• t '
CJ.)
A) 45%
:i v ..
0
c::
CJ.) 200
!/ 0
Ii B) 50%
>
CJ.)
0::: C) 100%
0 D) 200%
2004 2006 2008 20 1 0 20 1 2
Year

T -------

•
The scatterplot above shows the annual revenue for Questions 5-9 refer to the fol l owi ng information
a l l of the individual retai l stores operated by a cloth­
U N I T E D STATES F E D E RA L B U D G E T�FISCAL YEAR 20 1 0
ing company for each year from 2004 th rough 2 0 1 2 .
Based on t h e l i n e o f best fit t o t h e data shown, which
All o t h e r exp e n s e s c o m b i n e d 1 3%
of the fol lowing is closest to the percent increase in
revenue per store from 2005 to 201 1? Vet e r a n s B e n efits 3. 1 %

3.5%
D e fe n s e
20%
Federal Pensions
A) 50%
Education 3.7%
B) 100% U n e m p l oym e n t
C) 1 20% Compensation 4.6%

D) 300% Wel fa r e / F o o d Stamps 5.3%

I nterest o n N a t i o n a l D e b t 5.7%

8%
II Medicaid/Child H e a l t h I nsurance

I n 2006, the total combined revenue for all stores

was closest to
..
A) $350,000 The chart above shows the allocation of $ 3 . 5 trillion
B) $480,000 in U. S . federal expenses for 2010. What were the total
C) $700,000 2010 expenditures on Defense?
D) $950,000 A) $700 billion
B) $70 billion
C) $7 billion
D) $700 million
CHAPTER 8 I THE SAT MATH TEST: PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATA ANALYSIS 361

.. •
What is the measure of the central angle for the sec­ How much more did the United States spend i n 2010
tor representing Med icare expenses? on I nterest on National Debt than on E ducation?
A) 1 3 .0° A) $2 billion
B) 45.5° B) $7.0 billion
C) 46.8° C) $20 billion
D) 48.2° D) $70 billion

..
• If 50% of the budget for Federal Pensions were to be
I f I nterest on National Debt expenses were to reallocated as Social Security expenses, the size of
decrease by $20 billion from their 2010 levels, this the Social Security budget would increase by what
would represent a percent decrease of approximately percent?
A) 6% A) 1 .75%
B) 10% B) 8.75%
C) 1 2% C) 17.75%
D) 15% D) 2 1 .75%

Questions 1 0- 1 7 refer to the followi ng i nformation

PRESCHOOL BLOOD LEAD LEVELS VS. VIOLENT CRIME RATES IN THE UNITED STATES
�
(23-Year Lag)
::a
-- ' 30 900
�I $
0
E' ro-

_)/ 'f\
�1 -
25 750 :i
"U
"'
...,
�

QJ n
.:; 0 ......
J- -�� §"
20 600
J ,
�

o en \ <.o ro
o en \ I en
' w
co 0
7 15
[/>

I "U
\

...,
�v
'
450 ro

...... ......
0 LI, \ N
0
0 � 0
\
c

_//
-5 _o
"' 10 ' 300 � 0
QJ \
0
\ 0
ct \
QJ (")
5 - 1 50 Cl)
tl.() ' -
I
ttl "U
�I s
> ·
<t:: 0 0
1 940 1 950 1 960 1 970 1 980 1 990
1 963 1 973 1 983 1 993 2003 20 1 3
Year
Source: Rick Nevin, Lead Poisoning and the Bell Curve, 201 2

•
According to the graph above, in 1 970 the number of
violent crimes per 1 00, 000 capita in the United States
was closest to
A) 25
B) 375
C) 700
D) 750
362 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Ill Ill
In 1 970 the average preschool blood lead level, in Which of the following five-yea r spans saw the
mcg/dL, was closest to greatest p ercent increase i n violent crime?
A) 10 A) 1 9 63 -1 9 68
B) 12 B) 1 968-1973
C) 23 C) 1 973-1978
D) 25 D) 1978-1983

The percent decline i n violent crime from 1993 to Approximately how many years did it take for aver­
2 0 1 3 is closest to age preschool blood lead levels to return to their
1950 levels?
A ) 1 1%
B) 35% A) 25
C) 47% B) 30
D) 88% C) 35
D) 40

Ill
From 1970 to 1990, the average annual rate of •
decline in preschool blood lead levels, in mcg/dL per For approximately how many years between 1 9 6 3
yea r, was approximately and 2 0 1 3 was the violent c r i m e rate in the United
States greater than 375 crimes per 100,000 c apita?
A) 1
B) 5 A) 25
C) 1 5 B) 30
D ) 17 C) 37
D) 42

ID
Which of the following 1 0 -year spans saw the great­
est percent increase in preschool blood lead levels?
A) 1945-1 955
B) 1 955-1 965
C) 1 9 6 5 - 1 975
D) 1 9 75 - 1 985
370 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Function Transformations The graph of y = J{x) + k, where k is a positive

number, is the graph of y = j{x) shifted up
y
k units.

..I

Y = f(x)
'
'I k , , '
' �6- -

If the function y = f(x) is graphed in the xy-plane

(as in the example above), then the following rep­
resent transformations of function f
The graph of y = kj{x) is the graph of y = f(x)
The graph ofy = J{x + k), where k is a positive num­
stretched vertically by a factor of k (if k > 1 ) or
ber, is the graph ofy = f{x) shifted left k units.
shrunk vertically by a factor of k (if k < 1).
y
y

' ...
- 6- ,,,. ,,

The graph of y = f(x - k), where k is a p ositive

number, is the graph of y = j{x) shifted right k The graph of y = -J{x) i s the graph of y = f(x)
units. reflected over the x-axis.

y y

y = - f(x)
'
'
..I

' I ,
' �6- -

k
CHAPTER 9 I THE SAT MATH: ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 371

Exercise Set 1 (Ca lc u lator)

• ------- ..- -------

I f J(x) = x2 + x + k, where k is a constant, and

Questions 5-9 refer to the table below.
J(2) = 10, what is the value off(-2)?

I I I I I
x J(x) k(x)
1 3 5
2 4 6
3 5 1
The minimum value of the function y = h(x) corre­
sponds to the point (-3, 2) on the xy-plane. What is 4 6 2
the maximum value of g(x) = 6 - h (x + 2)?
5 1 3

I I I I I 6 2 4

.. ..
The function g is defined by the equation g(x) = According to the table above, J(3) =
ax + b, where a and b are constants. I f g(l) = 7 and
g(3) = 6, what is the value of g(-5)?
I I I I I
I I I I I •
According to the table above, J(k(6)) =
•
Let the function h b e defined by the equation
h (x) = J(g(x)) where J(x) x2 - 1 and g(x) = x + 5.
=

What is the value of h(2)?

•
I I According to the table above, k(k(6)) =

According to the table above, if k(J(x)) = 5, then

what is the value of x?

I I
372 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

• Ill
Which of the following is true for all values of x x+l
indicated in the earlier table? I f h(x) = --and f(x) = (x 1 ) 2 , then which of the
-

2
following is equal tof(h(x)) for all x?
A) f(k(x)) - k(f(x)) = O
B) f(k(x)) + k(f(x)) = x A) x 2 - 2x + 2
C) f(k(x)) - k(f(x)) = x 2
B) x 2 - 2x + 2
D) f(k(x)) + k(f(x)) = O
4
C) x 2 - 2x + l
------ · ------
2
2
x - 2x + l
D)
4
I f g(x - 1) = x2 + 1 , which of the following is equal
to g(x)?

A) x2 + 2
B) x2 + 2x
C) x2 + 2x + 1
D) x2 + 2x + 2
CHAPTER 9 / THE SAT MATH: ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 373

Exerc ise Set 1 (No C a l c u lator)

Ill
I f g(f(x)) = - 1 , what is the value of x + 10?
Questions 1 2- 1 9 a re based o n the graph below.

y I I I
y = f(x)

•
I ff(k) + g(k) = 0, what is the value of k?

I I I I
What is the value of g(- 1)?
DI
I f f(a) = g(a), where a < 0, and f(b) = g(b), where

I I I I I
b > 0, what is the value of a + b?

I I I I
Ill
What is the value of g(f(3))?

I I I I I
Let h(x) = f(x) x g(x). What is the maximum value of
h(x) if -3 :::; x :::; 3?

•
What is the value off(g(3))?
374 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Ill
Which of the following graphs represents the
y
function = f(x) + g(x)?
A) y

.-+-�--+--+--+-� X
1

B) y

1
.-+-�--+--+--+-� X

C) y

D) y
382 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exercise Set 2 (No Ca lc u l ator)

• •
I f (x - 2)(x + 2) = 0, then x2 + 1 0 = I f x = - 5 is one of the solutions of the equation
0 = x2 - ax - 12, what is the other solution?

I I I I I I I
II
I f (a - 3)(a + k) = a2 + 3a - 1 8 for all values of a, •
what is the value of k?
Which of the following is equivalent to

I I
2a(a - 5) + 3a2(a + 1) for all values of a?

A) 6a4 - 24a3 - 6
B) 5a 5 + 3a2 - lOa
.. C) 3a3 + 5a2 - lOa
When the quadratic function y = l O (x + 4)(x + 6)
D) 3a3 + 2a2 - lOa - 6
is graphed in the xy-plane, the result is a parabola
with vertex at (a, b). What is the value of ab?
Ill
Which of the following functions, when graphed in
the xy-plane, has exactly one negative x-intercept
• and one negative y-intercept?
I f the function y = 3x2 - kx - 1 2 has a zero at x = 3, A) y = -x2 - 6x - 9
what is the value of k? B) y = -x2 + 6x - 9

I I I I I
C) y = x2 + 6x + 9
D) y = x2 - 6x + 9

•
I f the graph of a quadratic function in the xy-plane is
m
a parabola that intersects the x-axis at x = - 1 . 2 and I f 2x2 + Bx = 42 and x < 0, what is the value
x = 4.8, what is the x- coordinate of its vertex? of x2?

I I I I I
A) 4
B) 9
C) 49
• D) 64
I f the graph of y = a (x - b)(x - 4) has a vertex at
(5, -3), what is the value of ab?
•
I I I I I When the function y = h(x) = ax2 + bx + c is graphed
in the xy-plane, the result is a parabola with vertex
at (4, 7). I f h(2) = 0, which of the following must also
• equal O?
What is the sum of the zeros of the function A) h(5)
h(x) = 2x2 - 5x - 1 2?
B) h (6)

I I I I I
C) h(8)
D) h(9)
CHAPTER 9 / THE SAT MATH: ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 383

Exercise Set 2 (Ca lc u lator) 'U5@1¥1fW§ &£ w · w ei t if ¥ #M& ¥ & 1 1

Ill Ill
I f x > O and 2x2 - 4x = 30, what is the value of x? The graph of y = f(x) in the xy-plane is a parabola
with vertex at (3, 7). Which of the following must be

I I I I I
equal to f(- 1)?

A) /(2)
B) f{4)
ID C) /(7)
I f x2 + bx + 9 = 0 has only one solution, and b > 0, D) /(15)
what is the value of b?

I I I I I Which of the following fu nctions, when graphed

in the xy-plane, has two positive x-intercepts and a
negative y-intercept?

Ill A) y = -2(x - l)(x + 5)

When y = 5(x - 3 . 2) (x - 4.6) is graphed in the B) y = -2(x + 3)2
xy-plane, what is the value of the y-intercept? C) y = -2(x - 5)2
D) y = -2(x - l)(x - 5)
I I I I I
Which of the following equations has no real
Ill solutions?
When y = 5(x - 3 . 2)(x - 4.6) is graphed in the A) x2 - 3x + 2 = 0
xy-plane, what is the x-coordinate of the vertex?
B) x2 - 3x - 2 = 0
C) x2 + 2x - 3 = 0
D) x2 + 2x + 3 = 0

Ill The graph of the fu nction y = a(x + 6)(x + 8) has a n

I f (2x - l)(x + 3) + 2x = 2x2 + kx - 3 for all values of axis o f symmetry a t x = k . What is the value of k?
x, what is the value of k?
A) -7
-6
I I I B)
C) 7
D) 8

1111 ID
I f b2 + 20b = 96 and b > 0, what is the value of The graph of the quadratic function y = f(x) i n the
b + 10? xy-plane is a parabola with vertex at (6, - 1) . Which
of the following must have the same value as the

I I I y-intercept of this graph?

A) f(-2)
B) /(3 . 5)
C) /( 1 2)
D) /(13.5)
388 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exerc ise Set 3 ( No Ca lculator)

• • ---

If x3 - 7x2 + 1 6x - 1 2 = (x - a)(x - b)(x - c) for all xz + yz = 9

values of x, what is the value of abc?
Which of the following equations, if graphed in the

I I I I I
xy-plane, would intersect the graph of the equation
above in exactly one point?
A) y = - 4
B) y = - 3
•
C) y = -1
I f x3 - 7x2 + 1 6x - 1 2 = (x - a)(x - b)(x - c) for all
values of x, what is the value of a + b + c? E) y = O

I I I I •
I f g(x) = a(x + l)(x - 2)(x - 3) where a is a negative
constant, which of the fol lowing is greatest?
.. A) g(0. 5)
1 . I f x3 - 7x2 + 1 6x - 1 2 = (x - a)(x - b)(x - c) for all B) g(l . 5)
values of x, what is the value of ab + be + ac? C) g(2 . 5)
D) g(3 . 5)
I I
..
• I f 2x2 + ax + b has zeros at x = 5 and x = - 1 ,
what is the value o f a + b?
I f x2 - ax + 1 2 has a zero at x = 3, what is the value
of a? A) -18
B) -9

I I I I I C)
D)
-2
-1

.. Ill
I f x2 - ax + 1 2 has a zero at x = 3, at what other I f the graph of the equation y = ax4 + bx i n the
value of x does it h ave a zero? xy-plane passes through the points (2, 1 2) and
(-2, 4), what is the value of a + b?

I I I I A) 0.5 B) 1 . 5 C) 2 0.

D) 2 . 5

•
Ill
---

y = 4x2 + 2
I f the function y = 3 (x2 + l)(x3 - l)(x + 2) is graphed
x + y = 16
in the xy-plane, in how many distinct points will it
When the two equations in the system above are intersect the x-axis?
graphed in the xy-plane, they intersect in the point
A) Two B) Three C) Four
(a, b). I f a > 0, what is the value of a?
D) Five
CHAPTER 9 / THE SAT MATH: ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 389

Exercise Set 3 (Ca lcu lator}

•
I f x2 + y = lOx and y = 25, what is the value of x? For how many distinct positive integer values of n is
l
(n - ) ( n - 9)(n - 17) less than O?

I I I I A) Six
B) Seven
C) Eight
Ill D) ine
I f 2x3 - 5x - a has a zero at x = 4, what is the value
of a? Ill
x2 + 2y2 = 44

I I I I I y2 = x - 2
When the two equations above are graphed i n the
xy-plane, they intersect in the point (h, k). What is
• the value of h?
I f x > 0 and x4 - 9x3 - 22x2 = 0, what is the value of x? A) - 8
B) - 6

I I I I I C)
D)
6
8

m2 + 2 n = 10
I f d is a positive constant and the graph in the
xy-plane of y = (x2)(x2 + x - 72) (x - d) has only one 2m2 + 2 n = 14
positive zero, what i s the value of d? Given the system of equations above, which of the
following could be the value of m + n?

I I I I I A) -7
B) -2
C)
D) 2
y = 2x2 + 1 8
y = ax Ill
I n the system above, a is a positive constant. When For how many distinct values of x does (x2 - 4)
the two equations are graphed in the xy-plane, they (x - 4)2(x2 + 4) equal O?
intersect i n exactly one point. What is the value of a? A) Three
B) Four

I I I I I C) Five
D) Six

• m
4a2 - 5b = 16 The function fl.x) is defined by the equation
3a2 - 5b = 7 fl.x) = a(x + 2)(x - a)(x - 8) where a is a constant.
Iffl.2 .5) is negative, which of the following could be
Given the system of equations above, what is the the value of a?
value of a2b2?
A) -2
B)
I I I I I
0
C) 2
D) 4
396 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exerc ise Set 4 (No Calculator)

• •
If 2a2 + 3a - 5a2 = 9, what is the value of a - a 2 ? a 3 - vr;:� -3
If __ = -- , what is the value of (ab )2 ?
3 + ./5 b

I I I I I I I I I I
•
Ill
I f (200)(4,000) = 8 x 10 m , what is the value of m?
I f g x = 25, what is the value of 3 x- 1 ?

I I I A)
3
25
B)
5
-
3
C)
25
3
D) 24

• •
2x . .
--
8w 2 If g(x, y) = 3 and a and b are pos1t 1ve numbers,
I f w = -1030, what is the value of ? y
(8w) 2 . (4a 2b) ?
what 1s the value of g '
g(a, b)

I I A)
4
B)
1
2
C) 2 D) 4

• 1111 __

I f 2 x = 10, what is the value of 5(22 x) + 2 x? 2" x 2"

Which of the following is equivalent to
2" x 2
I I I I for all positive values of n?

A) 2 B) 2n C) 2 n - 1
D) 22n
•
I f (x + 2)(x + 4)(x + 6) = 0, what is the greatest •
possible value of _.!:.__ ? Which of the following is equivalent to 3 m + 3 m + 3 m
2x for all positive values of m?

I I I I I A) 3m + 1
D) 33 m + I
B) 32 m C) 33 m

• ..
( r
I f 4 + 4..Jz = a + b ..J2 , where a and b are integers, I f x is a positive number and 5 x = y, which of the
what is the value of a + b? following expresses 5y2 i n terms of x?

52x B) 52 x + 1 C) 53x
I I I I I A)
D) 252x
CHAPTER 9 / THE SAT MATH: ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 397

Exercise Set 4 (Ca lcu lator)

Ill Ill
I f n 2 = M and n > 0, what is the value of n? What is one possible value for x such that
O < i x < JX < X?.
5

I I I I I I I I I I
•
What is the smallest integer value of m such that
Which of the following is equivalent to
1
-- < 0.000025? 4
lQm for all positive values of x?
2 - 2 (x + x)(x + x)

I I I I I
4 1 16
A) C) D)
4x 2
B)
x' x2 x•

Ill
DI The square root of a certain positive number is twice
If _2_k = 9 m, what is the value of k?
r
the number itself. What is the number?

1 1 1 1
I I I I I A) B) - C) - D)
8 4 2 J2

m
Ill Which of the following is equivalent to
I f (xm )3(xm + 1 ) 2 = x3 7 for all values of x, what is the 2m En + m mn . .
for all pos1t1ve values of m and n?
value of m? m J2
A) 3m J3;i

I I I B)
C)
sm J2
3 .j3;,,
D) s Fr'z
..
I f 9 .Jl2 - 4Jz::i = nJ3, what is the value of n? m

I I I I I
x
Ill
( 2-fi f", what is the value of n?
In the figure above, if n > 1 , which of the following
expresses x in terms of n?
If si =

A) .Jn 2 - 1
I I I I I B) .Jn - 1
C) .Jn + l
.Jn - 1
D)
2
404 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exerc ise Set S (No Ca lcu lator)

• •
If � - � = 2:'., what is the value of y? Which of the following is equivalent to _ 2_ _ x_
+
3 5 9 for all x greater than l? 1 - x x -1

I I I I I A)
x+2
x2 - 1
x+2
B)
x-l
• x-2
x 1 25 . C)
If + -- = - and x > 0, what 1s the value of x? x2 - 1
x + l x - l 24
--

x-2
I I I
D)
x-1

Ill
.. For how many distinct i nteger values of n
. n+S >2
?
If _l_ _ _l _ = � , what is the value of x2?
IS
n+2
--

x-2 x+2 5

I I
A) Zero B) One C) Two D) Three

•
1
If a = - x and a > 1, which of the following is
• 4
If 2 - � = - � , what is the value of z? equivalent to 4(x - 4) 2 ?
z 6 4x 2 - 64
a-4
I I
A)
a+4
a2 - 4
B)
a2 + 4
a-l
C)
Iii
--

a+l
g(x) . a2 - 1
Let g(x) = x2 - 9x + 18 and h(x) = , where a 1s D)
x-a a2 + l
--

a constant. I f h( 4 ) = 2- , what is the value of a?

12

I I I I
..
If _l l_ a for all values of x
=
2
_ _ _

2x - 2 2x + l 4x - 2x - b
greater than 1, what is the value of a + b?

I I I I
CHAPTER 9 I THE SAT MATH: ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 405

Exercise Set S (Ca lculator)

Ill
x 3 I f _c_ -'- c + 1 = �, what is the value of c2?
I f - - - = 2, what is the value of x2 - lOx?
5 x c-1 2c 2
c -1
•

I I I I I I I I I I
Ill
Ill 4x 2 + 1 a
For how many positive i nteger values of k If = 2x - 1 + for all values of x, what
2x + l 2x + l
-- --

. 1
IS - > 0.001? is the value of a?
lOk

I I I I I I I I I

IFI
(x) Which of the following is equivalent to � � for all
I f g (x) = x2 - 9x + 18 and h(x) = -g-, what is the b 2
-

x2 + 3 positive values of b?
value of h(9)?
b2 - 1
A)
2-b
I I I I B)

b3 - 2
C)
2b
Ill
1 1 . the value of 9x ? 2 - b3
If + -- = 9, what 1s D)
x+l x-1 x2 - 1 2b
-- --

I I I I
406 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

• --- 1111
__!:_ __!:_ = 2
_
I f one proofreader takes n hours to edit 3 0 pages and
a b another takes m hours to edit 50 p ages, and together
they can edit x pages per hour, which of the follow­
1 1 ing equations must be true?
-+-= 8
a b
30 50
A) - + - = x
n m
Given the system above, what is the value of a + b?
30 50 1
1 B) -+-=-
A) n m x
15
n m
C) - + - = x
B) 30 50
8
n m 1
8 D) - + - = -
C) 30 50 x
15
8
D)
5
CHAPTER 1 0 I THE SAT MATH: ADDITIONAL TOPICS 419

Exerc ise Set 1 : Geometry (No Calcu lator)

M Q N

p 0

In the figure above, MNOP is a square and Q is the

Lines l and m are parallel in the figure above.
midpoint of MN. If QO .J20 3= , what is the area of Which of the following expresses the value of in y

square MNOP? terms of x?

A) 95 - 2x

I I I I I B) 165 - 2x
C) 175 - 2x
II D) 185 - 2x

..
y

(3, 13) (12, 13)

(3, 5) (18, 5)
I I I I --t----- x
0
Lines l and m are parallel in the figure above. What
is the value of x?
In the figure above, what is the distance between the
• midpoints (not shown) of the two line segments?
A) J68 B) J73 C) .fi6
D) J78

Ill
240 °
What is the perimeter of an equilateral triangle
inscribed in a circle with circumference 2411?
A) 36.J2 B) 30J3
C) 3 5.fj D) 24)6

In the figure above, what is the value of a + b + c?

420 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exerc ise Set 1 : Geometry (Ca lc u la tor)

Questions 7-9 a re based o n the figu re below. • ---

y
A(3, 15)
B(lO, 12) x
3m
Yo

C(lO, 2) 2m + 5
0
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the figure above, what is the value of x?
A) 5../2 B) 5J3 C) 15../2 D) 15J3
•
In the figure above, what is the perimeter of quadri­
lateral ABCO, to the nearest integer?
Questions 1 2-1 5 a re based on the situation
desc ribed below.

In the xy-plane, ABCD is a square. Point A has coor­

dinates (-1, 2) and point B has coordinates (3, 5).
Ill
In the figure above, what is the area, in square units,
ofABCO? Which of the following could be the coordinates
of C?
I I I I I A) (0, 9) B) (6, O) C) (2, -2) D) (-4, 6)
.. Ill
In the figure above, point K (not shown) is the mid­ What is the area of square ABCD?
point of OA_.'.._and point M (not shown) is the
midpoint of AB. What is the slope of KM?
A) 25 B) 28 C) 30 D) 32
•
What is the slope of BC?
M
4 m 3 q 3
3 4 4 D) 34
1111
In the xy-plane, point H has coordinates (2, 1) and Ill
point J has coordinates (11, 13). If HK is parallel to Wh� is the distance between C and the midpoint
the x-axis and JK is parallel to the y-axis, what it the of AB?
perimeter of triangle HJK?
A) JSO B) ms C) J50
4 4 2
D) ms
2
432 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exerc ise Set 2: Geometry (No C a l c u l ator)

• Iii
A cereal company sells oatmeal in two sizes of cylin­ Which of the following equations represents a circle
drical containers. The radius of the larger container in the xy-plane that intersects the x-axis at (3, 0)
and
is twice that of the smaller, and the height of the (9,O) ?
larger container is 50%
greater than the smaller. If
A) (x - 6)2 + (y - 4)2 = 25
the smaller container holds 1 0 ounces of oatmeal,
how many ounces can the larger container hold? B) (x - 3)2 + (y - 9)2 = 25
C) (x - 6)2 + (y - 4)2 = 36
I I I I I D) (x - 3)2 + (y - 9)2 = 36
• --

• �---

p N

In the figure above, P and N are the centers of the

Note: Figure not drawn to scale. circles and PN = What is the area of the shaded
6.
region?
I n the figure above, CD is tangent to both circles,
which are tangent to each other. If the smaller circle A) 1811 - 9.f3 B) 2411 - 9.f3
has a circumference of and the larger cir � has
411
a circumference of 1611,
what is the length of CD? C) 2411 - rn.J3 D) 3611 - 18.J3

I I y

..
What is the area, in square inches, of a circle with
diameter6112 inches?
A) 9114 B) 9715

• 0 (3, 0) (9, 0)
What is the length of the longest line segment that
connects two vertices of a rectangular box that is The diagram above shows a hexagon with all sides
6 4 2
units wide, units long, and units tall? congruent and all angles congruent. What is the
value of k?
A) .Jl2 B) J48 C) J56
C) 12J2 D) 12.J3
D) .J58
CHAPTER 1 0 I THE SAT MATH: ADDITIONAL TOPICS 433

Exerc ise Set 2 : Geometry (Ca lcu lator)

Ill Ill
The Great Pyramid i n Giza, Egypt, has a height of
140 meters and a volume of 2 . 6 million cubic meters.
D ( l 4, 1 4) If a scale model of the Great Pyramid i s to b e built
that is 2 meters h igh, what will b e the volume, in
cubic meters, of this model?

I I I I I
C ( l 4, 6)

0 B (4, 0)

Which of the following equations defines a circle

What is the area, in square units, of the quadrilat­ that is tangent to the y-axis?
eral above?
A) (x - )2 3)2 2
2 + (y + =

I I I I I B) (x - 2 )2 + (y + 3)2 3
C) (x 2)2 + (y + 3)2 4
-
=

D) (x - 2)2 + (y + 3)2 9
=

•
What is the degree measure, to the nearest whole
degree, of an angle that measures 5.6 radians? Questions 1 3 and 1 4 refer to the diagram below.

I I I I I E -------�

9
F

B
1111 i-------.r C
15

A D G

0
N
The figure above shows two rectangles that share
a common vertex, and AF i s a line segment that
passes through C.
M

,.---..__
Ill
In the figure above, arc MN has a length of 1 1 . 5 . To What is the ratio of the area of rectangle ABCD to the
the nearest integer, what i s the value of x? area of rectangle AEFG?

I I I I I
A) 3:5
B) 9:25
C) 5:8
D) 25:64
CHAPTER 1 0 I THE SAT MATH: ADDITIONAL TOPICS 441

Exerc ise Set 3 : Trigonometry (No C a l c u lator)

• •
What is the greatest possible value of f if If sin x = !!__b and 0 < x < .!.!:.,2 which of the following
f(x) = 8 sin2 2x _!_2 ?
_

expressions is equal to !?.. ?

a

I I I I I A) sin (�)
..
cos ( � - x l
1

If cos ( � ) = what is the value of ( � r ?

B)
a,

C) 1 - sin2x
I I I I I D) sin ( � - x )

n
If (sin x - cos x)2 = 0.83, what is the value of •
(sin x + cos x)2? If sin b which of the following could be the value
= a,

of cos (b + 11)?
I I I I I A) �
B) a2 -1
•
sm. ( -7r) C) -
�
cos ( � l
Which o f the following i s equivalent to ___ 6 ? D) 1 -
a
2

1 1
J3
A) J6 B) J3 C) .J2 D) 1 Ill
If 0 < x < 2 and 1 -cosx
-
7r
= 3
sin x 2 , what is the value of
-
2

.. cos x?
y A) -
9
II B) -
3
----+---- x 4
0 C) 9
III IV
D) 2
3
If sin () < O and sin () cos () < 0, then () must be in
which quadrant of the figure above?
A) I B) II C) III D) IV
446 McGraw-Hill Education: SAT

Exerc ise Set 4: Complex N u m be rs ( No Ca l c u la to r)

• ..
+
I f a bi = (1 +
2 i)(3 - 4i), where a and b are con­ Which of the following expressions is equal to
stants and i = H, what is the value of a + b? (2 + 2 i)2?

I I I I I
A) 0
B) 4i
C) Bi
D) 4 - 4i
•
4+i
If a + bi = , where a and b are constants and •
2-i
If B(3 + i) = 3 - i, what is the value of B?
i = H, what is the value of a?
-+-t
A) 3 4.

I I I I I
5 5
B) -4 + -3 1.
5 5
C) 3 4.
!

..
- - -

5 5
+ +
For what value of b does (b i)2 = 80 18i? D) 4 3 [.
- - -

5 5

I I I I I •
x2 + kx = - 6

• If one o f the solutions t o the equation above i s

x = 1 - i JS , what is the value o f k?
The solutions of the equation x2 - 2x + 1 5 = 0 are
A) - 4
x=a + and x = a -
ifb ifb,
where a and b are
positive numbers. What is the value of a + b?
B) -2
C) 2

I I I D) 4

•
• I f im = -i, which of the following CANNOT b e the
Given that i = H, which of the following is equal value of m?
A) 1 5
to _1_?
(1 + i) 2 B) 18

1 1. C) 19
A) ---l
2 2 D ) 27
B) 1 .
--l
2
C) 1 .
-l
2
- + -t
D) 1 1.
2 2