A

MAIN PROJECT REPORT

ON

POWER SYSTEM COMPENSATION USING A

POWER ELECTRONICS INTEGRATED
TRANSFORMER

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the award of degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Submitted By
*G.MADHURI - (16HR1A0208)
T.BHARGAVI - (16HR1A0228)
M.BHARATHI - (16HR1A0218)
K.SUNEETHA - (16HR1A0213)
S.SAROJINI - (16HR1A0225)

Under The Esteemed Guidance Of

Mr. B.V.SAI THRINATH, M. Tech
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BUCHEPALLI VENKAYAMMA SUBBAREDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Affiliated to JNTU, KAKINADA, Approved by AICTE New Delhi)
2019 - 2020

i
 DECLARATION

This is to certify that the work reported in this present main project
titled “ POWER SYSTEM COMPENSATION USING A POWER
ELECTRONICS INTEGRATED TRANSFORMER” is a record of work
done by us in the department of ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING at BUCHEPALLI VENKAYAMMA SUBBAREDDY
ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHIMAKURTHY, affiliated to JNTU,
KAKINADA.

The material contained in this project has not been submitted to any
university or institution for the award of any degree.

Submitted By

*G.MADHURI - (16HR1A0208)

T.BHARGAVI - (16HR1A0228)

M.BHARATHI - (16HR1A0218)

K.SUNEETHA - (16HR1A0213)

S.SAROJINI - (16HR1A0225)

ii
BUCHEPALLI VENKAYAMMA SUBBAREDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Affiliated to JNTU, KAKINADA, Approved by AICTE New Delhi)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the “POWER SYSTEM COMPENSATION
USING A POWER ELECTRONICS INTEGRATED TRANSFORMER”has
been submitted by

*G.MADHURI - (16HR1A0208)
T.BHARGAVI - (16HR1A0228)
M.BHARATHI - (16HR1A0218)
K.SUNEETHA - (16HR1A0213)
S.SAROJINI - (16HR1A0225)
In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Technology in “ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING” by JNTU, KAKINADA.

The results embodied in this project have not been submitted to any
other University or Institution for the award of any degree.

INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mr. B.V.SAI THRINATH, M .Tech Mr. M.SREE RAM KIRAN, M .Tech
Assistant Professor, EEE Associate Professor, EEE

EXTERNAL EXAMINAR

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We highly indebted to Sri B.SUBBA REDDY, Chairman and Sri

Dr. B.SIVAPRASAD REDDY, Secretary of BVSR ENGINEERING
COLLEGE, for the encouragement and help given for the successful
completion of the Project.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank our beloved

Principal Sri Dr.K.SRINIVASA REDDYM .Tech, PhD for providing a great
support to us the opportunity of doing Project.

It gives an immense pleasure to express deep sense of gratitude to

our Guide Mr. B.V. SAI THRINATHM. Tech, Assistant Professor and
Sri. M. SREERAM KIRANM.Tech, Associate Professor & Head of The
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his whole
hearted and a valuable guidance throughout the Project. Without his
sustained and sincere effort, this project would not have taken this shape.

We would like to thank all the faculty members of the Department

of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for their direct or indirect
support for helping us in the completion of this project.

Also we would like to thank all lab technicians of the Department

of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for their valuable suggestions
and providing opportunities in the completion of this project.

Finally we would like to thank all of my friends and family

members for their continuous help and encouragement.

Submitted By
*G.MADHURI - (16HR1A0208)
T.BHARGAVI - (16HR1A0228)
M.BHARATHI - (16HR1A0218)
K.SUNEETHA - (16HR1A0213)
S.SAROJINI - (16HR1A0225)

iv
 INDEX
ABSTRACT viii

LIST OF SYMBOLS ix - x

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS xi - xii

LIST OF FIGURES xiii -xiv

LIST OF TABULAR FORMS xv

CHAPTER 1: - INTRODUCTION 1-7

1.1 INTRODUCTION 2-4

1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4-6

1.3 PROBLEM FORMULATION 6

1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVE 6

1.5 ORGANIZATION OF PROJECT 7

CHAPTER 2: - CUSTOM POWER 8 - 25

2.1 INTRODUCTION 9 - 10

2.2 POWER QUALITY PHENOMENA 10 - 11

2.2.1 VOLTAGE QUALITY DEFINITIONS 11 - 12

2.2.2 REGULATIONS REGARDING POWER

QUALITY 13

2.2.3 INFLUENCE ON LOADS 13 - 15

2.3 CUSTOM POWER SYSTEMS 15 - 16

2.3.1 SHUNT COMPENSATOR 16 - 19

v
 2.3.2 SERIES COMPENSATOR 19 - 21
2.3.3 SHUNT – SERIES COMPENSATOR 21 - 22

2.3.4 TRANSFER SWITCH 22 - 23

2.3.5 BACKUP STORED ENERGY SYSTEMS 23 - 25

CHAPTER 3: - POWER ELECTRONIC

TECHNOLOGY 26 - 33
3.1 POWER ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY 27

3.2 BACKGROUND, HISTORY AND TRENDS 27 - 28

3.3 TOPOLOGIES OF PE CONVERTER 28

3.3.1 DC/DC CONVERTER 28 - 29

3.3.2 DC/AC CONVERTER 29

3.3.3 AC/DC CONVERTER (RECTIFIER) 29

3.3.4 AC/AC CONVERTER 29

3.4 ADVANCED CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES 30

3.4.1 MATRIX CONVERTER 30 - 31

3.4.2 MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS 31 - 32

3.4.3 BACK TO BACK CONVERTER 32 - 33

CHAPTER 4: - SYSTEM MODELING 34 - 42

4.1 CONFIGUTATION 35 - 38

4.2 CHARACTERISTICS 38

4.3 CONFIGURATION 38 - 40

4.4 CONTROL 40 - 42

vi
CHAPTER 5: - SIMULATION RESULTS 43 - 51

5.1 HARMONICS ATTENUATION, VOLTAGE 44 - 48

REGULATION AND REACTIVE POWER
COMPENSATION

5.2 INRUSH CURRENT MITIGATION 49 - 51

CHAPTER 6: - CONCLUSION 52 - 53
CHAPTER 7: - REFERENCES 54 - 57

BASE PAPER

REVIEW PAPERS

vii
 ABSTRACT
This project presents a new transformer, that is, the
custom power active transformer (CPAT) - which integrates
shunt and series equivalent circuits within the transformers
magnetic structure .Thus, it provides power system services
using a single transformer.
The CPAT equipped with a power converter can be
utilized in distribution systems to control grid current and load
voltage waveforms while operating as a step-up or step-down
transformer between the grid and load.
Moreover, it can provide other services that any typical
shunt-series compensation arrangement provides. The design
and analysis of a single-phase CPAT are presented, showing the
effect of coupling between windings and transformer parameters
affecting CPAT operation.
In this paper, control of the CPAT in an unified power-
quality controller application is investigated to attenuate grid-
current and load-voltage harmonics as well as compensate for
reactive power requirements and mitigate grid inrush current.
Through simulation and experimental implementation,
the merits and performance of the CPAT were validated.

Index terms – Power Transformers, Magnetic Circuits, Power

Conditioning, Power Distribution.

viii
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

Vprim - primary voltage

Vsec - secondary voltage
Vsh - shunt voltage
Vsec - series compensation voltage
Iprim - primary current
Isec - secondary current
Ish - shunt compensation current
Iser - series current
F - Induced MMF
Φ - Flux
Φprim - primary winding flux
Φsec - secondary winding flux
Φsh - shunt winding flux
Φser - series winding flux
R - Equivalent magnetic
reluctance in the transformer
core and air.
RY - Reluctance in yoke
RL - Reluctance in limb iron core
R1 - winding leakage reluctance
R1prim - primary winding leakage
reluctance
ix
R1sec - secondary winding leakage
reluctance
R1sh - shunt winding leakage
reluctance
R1ser - series winding leakage
reluctance
R0 - core leakage reluctance
Rw - winding resistance
Rc - core losses equivalent
resistance
L - equivalent inductance
La - series filter inductance
Lb1, Lb2 - shunt filter inductances
Ca - series capacitance
Cb - shunt capacitance
Ga, Gb, Gc - gate signals

x
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CUPS - Custom Power Systems

UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
PQ - Power Quality
STATCOM - Static Compensator
VSC - Voltage Source Converter
UPFC - Unified Power Flow
Controller
UPQC - Unified Power Quality
Conditioner
CPD - Custom Power Devices
FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission
Systems
CPAT - Custom Power Active
Transformer
DSO - Distribution System Operators
HVDC - High Voltage DC
Transmission
SVC - Static VAR Compensator
TSC - Thyristor Switched Capacitor
TCR - Thyristor Controlled Reactor
BSES - Backup Stored Energy
Systems
SCR - Silicon Controlled Rectifier
xi
CVCF - Constant Voltage Constant
Frequency
VVCF - Variable Voltage Constant
Frequency
MMF - Magneto Motive Force

xii
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIG. NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO
2.1 Classification of power quality phenomena 11
Information Technology Information Council (ITI)
2.2 14
Curve
Static VAR Compensator (SVC): Thyristor
2.3 Switched Capacitor and Thyristor Controlled 17
Reactor
2.4 Static Compensator (STATCOM) 18
2.5 Static Characteristics of : a)SVC, b)STATCOM 19
2.6 Static Voltage Regulator 20
Dynamic Voltage Restorer : a)with energy storage
2.7 21
system, b)with diode rectifier
2.8 Unified Power Quality Controller 22
2.9 Static Transfer Switch 23
Types of Uninterruptable Power Supply : a)offline,
2.10 25
b)online, c)line interactive
3.1 Power Converter Topologies 27
Domain of operation for PE Switches (frequency,
3.2 28
voltage and current)
Examples of matrix converter cases: a)AC/AC,
3.3 30
b)AC/DC, c)AC/DC,DC/AC and DC/AC
3.4 Fully Controlled and Bidirectional Switches 30
Chart of Three-phase Multilevel Converter
3.5 31
(AC/DC)
3.6 a)Multilevel Inverter, b)Output Waveform 32
Natural Point Clamp (NPC) Multilevel Inverter
3.7 Bridge Converter (left), NPC Output waveform 32
(right)
Single line diagram of back to back converter
3.8 33
structure
4.1 Configuration of a single-phase CPAT 36
Equivalent electric model of a single-phase CPAT:
4.2 a)equivalent magnetic circuit and b)winding and 36
core losses electric circuit
4.3 Equivalent electric circuit of a single-phase CPAT 37
Configuration of single-phase CPAT for UPQC
4.4 39
application
Series compensation control loop of single-phase
4.5 40
CPAT-UPQC
4.6 Shunt compensation control loop of single-phase 41

xiii
 CPAT-UPQC
5.1 Simulation diagram of power system compensation 44
Voltage and current waveforms during 50%
5.2 45
primary voltage sag
Active Power variation during 50%primary voltage
5.3 45
sag
Reactive Power variation during 50%primary
5.4 46
voltage sag
Converter DC voltage and current during 50%
5.5 46
primary voltage sag
Voltage and Current waveforms with shunt
5.6 47
harmonics compensation
Voltage and Current waveforms with series
5.7 47
harmonics compensation
Voltage and Current waveforms with reactive
5.8 48
power harmonics compensation
Voltage and Current waveforms during inrush
5.9 49
transient without compensation
Voltage and Current waveforms during inrush
5.10 50
transient with compensation

xiv
 LIST OF TABULAR FORM

S.NO NAME OF THE TABLE PG.NO

1 Simulation Parameters 51

xv
CHAPTERS (1-6)