Tac-An Chapter 1-3

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XIII - CARAGA
CITY DIVISION OF TANDAG
CITY OF TANDAG
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
With the COVID-19 pandemic, people and families worldwide have
seen unprecedented shutdowns, shortages and stress causes. In order to
guarantee a more stringent system of social dissociation and isolation
measures in the pandemic early on, the Philippine government introduced
lock-outs and enhanced Community quarantines across the whole country
(March to May 2020). In addition to the threat to health from COVID-19,
these measures pose a significant risk to the population, including
compromised family mental health and relationships (Holmes et al., 2020).
Globally, the rate of mental health signs in adults was higher than historical
standards at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic (Nelson et al., 2020). In
addition to the physical and mental health costs associated with COVID-19,
the Philippines had experienced devastating terrorism, earthquakes and
floods just before the pandemic, which already caused significant difficulties.
This study is thus important, because psychological and financial resources
could have been compromised before the pandemic appeared, to understand

CITY OF TANDAG
the specific responses of the Filipino family and how they were able to find a
silver lining in a dark clouds brought by the pandemic.
In view of adversity or major health threats, people often focus quickly
on the negative consequences of the threat. Negative results are often
promoted by misinformation about threats (O'Connor & Evans, 2020; Somma
et al.,2020) or fear of threats (Giordani et al., 2020). However, several
researchers have found that, in most instances, many people try to find
positive aspects despite the challenging nature of certain situations (i.e. a
silver lining). According to Gingrich (2017), much of the trauma literature
focuses on the individual's reaction to trauma. The literature on resilience, on
the other hand, supports the critical role of relational networks as a key factor
in an individual's recovery from trauma. Even in today's increasingly fractured
culture, family relationships, including marriages and extended family, are
frequently a victim's primary healing community, regardless of whether they
live in individualistic or collectivist cultures.
Finding silver lining in a dark cloud and strengthening family
relationships especially in these trying times. And although there have been
multiple studies performed on the silver linings brought by pandemic in
specific aspects, there has been no concise study focusing on the positive
CITY OF TANDAG
effects of the COVID-19 pandemic to strengthening family relationships,
therefore, conducting this phenomenological research on this matter is
essential to understand more the effects brought by this pandemic.
For this reason, the researcher is moved to conduct a study on The
Silver Lining of Pandemic: The Relationship Throughout the Family of Grade
11 STEM learners of Tandag National Science High School which aims to
determine the impact of Enhanced Community Quarantine to a family, and
appreciate the good things that happened amidst the pandemic.
Theoretical Framework
Family Systems Theory
The family systems theory, developed by Dr. Murray Bowen, proposes
that individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but
rather as members of their family, because the family is an emotional unit
(Kerr, 1981). Families are interconnected and interdependent systems of
individuals, none of whom can be understood apart from the system
(Rothbaum et al., 2002).
With this in mind, the researcher will investigate the family system: the
eight interlocking concepts in Dr. Bowen’s theory and how this concepts of
CITY OF TANDAG
family relationship contributes to one’s overall improvement after a traumatic
experience of exposure to different stressors brought by this pandemic. The
researcher believes that this will lead to development of understanding the
self-recovery and therapy of every family member as well as they key to
strengthening their bond as a family.
Hope Theory
Hope is defined as the belief in one's ability to create pathways to
desired goals and to motivate oneself to use those pathways. The core
concepts of Synder's (1994a) cognitive model of hope, including goals,
pathways, and agency, are defined and explained. Emotions are viewed as
the aftereffects of goal-directed thoughts and actions, and they serve as
feedback on perceived success or failure in the pursuit of a goal. A temporal
model of the goal-pursuit process is presented, along with an explanation of
the role of hope cognitions. Research on hope is examined. Superior
academic and athletic performance, improved physical and psychological
well-being, improved interpersonal relationships, and improved work
performance are all associated with higher hope. Future directions for hope
theory research and application include examining associations between
hope and life outcomes in different groups, investigating possible

CITY OF TANDAG
maladaptive aspects of hope, and using hope theory to understand and
ameliorate crises. (Rand & Touza, 2020).
The theories cited will support the researcher to have a better
penetration on the ongoing study and shall create a clear understanding on
the positive impacts of the pandemic to the improvement of family
relationships. The interconnection of the conduction of the study on The
Silver Lining of Pandemic: The Relationship Throughout the Family of Grade
11 STEM learners of Tandag National Science High School
Conceptual Framework
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Understanding The Silver
Lining of Pandemic: The

students from Tandag Relationship Throughout
National Science High the Family of Grade 11
School STEM learners of Tandag
National Science High
School
Figure 1.
Schematic Diagram of the Study
Figure 1 depicts the study's conceptual framework, which includes the
variables and flow that are required for its execution. The first box represents
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the study's independent variables, or what we commonly refer to as inputs,
which are the students of Tandag National Science High School. The second
box, on the other hand, depicts the outputs or the dependent variable, which
is gaining a better understanding of the pandemic's positive effects on family
relationships.
The line that connects the independent and dependent variables
represents the connection of the independent and dependent variables as
the researcher conducts the study. The end result will be that Tandag
National Science High School students will learn about and have a better
understanding of the positive effects of the pandemic in terms of
strengthening family relationships. And it is at this point that the purpose of
the study will be fulfilled.

CITY OF TANDAG
Statement of the Problem
The researchers aimed to understand the positive effects of the
pandemic in strengthening family relationships of students from Tandag
National Science High School. Specifically, the researchers sought to answer
the following questions:
1. What are the impact of home-quarantine to a family?
2. What are the common acts on how a family spend time with each other
during home-quarantine?
3. How did the COVID-19 pandemic paved way to strengthening family
bonds of the family of students in Tandag National Science High School?
Scope and Limitation
The study centralized about the silver lining in COVID-19 pandemic of
the families of students from Tandag National Science High School. The
main purpose of the study is to gain more information that would pave way to
having an in-depth understanding about the positive impacts of this pandemic
in terms of strengthening family connections of students in Tandag National
Science High School The only themes to be visited are family system theory
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and hope theory as it manifests through the improvement of family bonds in
these trying times.
Significance of the Study
This study aims to discuss and provide significant information regarding the
understanding of the positive effects of the pandemic in terms of
strengthening family relationships. This study can lead to a greater
comprehension of the coping mechanisms of these family and how they
managed to find a silver lining in a dark cloud. The results/ findings of this
study could carry a significant contribution on the following:
Department of Family and Children’s Service. Results of the study will
serve as source of information about family development which is one of the
main goals of the said sector.
Family Service Center. This study will serve as a document of
information, and compilation of experiences and various ways in which
families, in these trying times are able to cope up with different stressors and
be able to tighten the bond around the family.

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Parents. The proposed study will be a tip-off to other parents regarding how
other families were able to improve the relationship between its family
members with the advantage of lockdowns.
Students. This study can contribute as an additional knowledge and
inspiration to students to try building a gentler and firmer relationship with
their family members too.
Future Researchers. This result of study may provide a source of
information of another research problem and will likewise fill in as a reference
for future researchers in the accompanying ages to come. Moreover, it may
urge other researchers to develop the subject of impacts of COVID-19 to a
family.
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Definition of Terms
For the purpose of clarity and understanding, some terms used in the
study were defined conceptually.
Family. It refers to the group of one or more parents and their children
living together as a unit; all the descendants of a common ancestor.
Relationship. This refers to the way in which two or more concepts,
objects, or people are connected, or the state of being connected.
Silver-lining. It pertains to positive or more hopeful aspect to a bad
situation, even though this may not be immediately apparent.
Strengthening. It refers to make something stronger or more effective,
or to become stronger or more effective.
Stressor. It pertains to a stimulus that causes stress.

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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents views of literatures and studies of authors,
researchers, and developers from local and foreign books, articles, and other
references like internet, which are related to the study and are significant in
terms of strengthening the concepts and ideas of the study. The literatures
and studies were read and analyzed thoroughly.
Family Quality Time
Maintaining contact with extended family and friends is critical to
maintaining your wellbeing and remaining positive during physical separation.
Lockdown can be an excellent opportunity to rebuild, strengthen, or maintain
family bonds that have become weakened or dormant over time. Doing
things together increases family involvement in one's life (Azarian, 2020).
Family members can choose to do things they used to do before, where they
can relive memories of what they used to enjoy doing together, or they can
try something new that they have never done before. Giving family quality
time helps to embrace time as an opportunity for all family members to work
together to pull together during difficult times, which aids in the development
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of stronger bonds and resilience. Quality family time necessitates devoting
some of our time to one-on-one conversations with each member of the
family in order to strengthen individual relationships. (Szabo et al., 2020).
Family members are also expected to set aside regular time each day for
social bonding or cohesion. This cohesion can be established by participating
in family 'traditions' or rituals, or by developing new activities (Roshgadol,
2020).
Family stability necessitates positive attention and quality time. This is
particularly true for people who work from home.Positive attention and
affection toward family general matters and activities, especially during an
unprecedented time such as the COVID-19 pandemic, improves family
members' quality time together. Encouraging family members who are on the
front lines and must adhere to self-isolation and the way they are dealing with
the situation (Szabo et al., 2020).
Playing outdoor games or doing physical activity together, such as going
for a walk and enjoying the sunshine and fresh air on a regular basis while
applying physical distancing, can transform everyday moments into quality
time by practicing sharing of experience, preparing outdoor snack meals
together, or planning one-on-one time with each (Buheji et al., 2020).

CITY OF TANDAG
Indoor games are important for reinforcing positive attitudes and
behaviors in families (Szabo et al., 2020). Replacement of unwanted
behaviors, even if the home environment is confined, teaches tolerance even
in unfavorable situations. Increasing the durations of exposure to various
family situations through games improves our ability to live within group
contingencies. As a result, Szabo et al. (2020) emphasized the use of indoor
family games such as the PAX Good Behaviour Game, which emphasized
value-based practices that improve norms in the home environment. PAX
has been shown to reduce problem behavior while also improving physical
and emotional health.
Routines make it difficult for the family to know what to expect during
physical distancing, when children and teenagers may be stressed, worried,
frustrated, or simply bored. Overcoming family routines by providing quality
time can help all family members learn more. The more organized and in
control the family feels, the less stressed it will be (Roshgadol, 2020).
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Synthesis
Lockdown can be an excellent opportunity to rebuild, strengthen, or maintain
family bonds that have become weakened or dormant over time. Family members
are expected to set aside regular time each day for social bonding or cohesion.
Indoor games are important for reinforcing positive attitudes and behaviors in
families (Szabo et al., 2020). Playing outdoor games or doing physical activity
together can transform everyday moments into quality time (Roshgadol, 2020).
Overcoming family routines by providing quality time can help all family members
learn more. The more organized and in control the family feels, the less stressed it
will be (Roshgaddol, 2020). Routines make it difficult for the family to know what to
expect during physical distancing when children and teenagers may be stressed,
worried, frustrated, or simply bored.
Family stability necessitates positive attention and quality time, especially
for those who work from home. (Szabo et al., 2020). Playing outdoor games
or doing physical activity together can transform everyday moments into
quality time by practicing sharing of experience, preparing outdoor snack
meals together, or planning one-on-one time with each person. Family
members who are on the front lines must adhere to self-isolation and must be
encouraged to share their experiences (Buheji et al., 2020).

CITY OF TANDAG
Indoor games are important for reinforcing positive attitudes and
behaviors in families. Increasing the durations of exposure to various family
situations through games improves our ability to live within group
contingencies. Szabo et al. (2020) emphasized the use of indoor family
games such as the PAX Good Behaviour Game, which emphasized value-
based practices that improve norms in the home environment. Overcoming
family routines by providing quality time can help all family members learn
more. The more organized and in control the family feels, the less stressed it
will be. Routines make it difficult for the family to know what to expect during
physical distancing, when children and teenagers may be stressed, worried,
frustrated, or simply bored (Roshgadol, 2020).

CITY OF TANDAG
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the methods of research used with brief
description of the research design, research locale, research participants,
sampling design, data gathering procedure, data analysis, and ethical
considerations of this study.
Research Design
The researcher will use a qualitative design through the study particularly
a phenomenological approach on the relationship throughout the family of
grade 11 STEM learners of Tandag National Science High School. The
researcher will employ data collection by conducting interviews, taking down
notes, recording behavior and through observations. The gathered
information will be primarily focusing on learners of the said school. In this
research design, the family relationship of the learners in this pandemic will
be collected for the researcher to formulate a concluded perception.

CITY OF TANDAG
Research Locale
This research will be carried out at Tandag National Science High
School in Tabon-tabon, Quezon City, Surigao del Sur, during the fourth
week of June. Tandag National Science High School has an enrollment of
826 students. The aforementioned school has 31 teachers and is one of
the Tandag City schools that has or can accommodate Senior High School
students. This school has 48 rooms, 24 for Senior High School students,
10 for Junior High School students, and 14 other rooms.
Research Participants
This study will include Grade 11 learners from Tandag National
Science High school who are currently in STEM strand. A group of about 5
teenagers will be chosen. These participants must correspond to the
following criteria: must be a Grade 11 STEM student, lived with their parents
during the lockdown last March 2020, and must agree that their relationships
with their family has significantly improved during the ECQ period. This type
of sampling is known as purposive sampling where the participants must suit
to the set criteria above.

CITY OF TANDAG
Sampling Design
In this study, purposive sampling technique will be used. This
technique is a form of non-probability sampling in which we will depend on
the participants’ participation and/or judgement. The said type of technique is
intentionally chosen among other techniques in sampling since we set criteria
in choosing participants who participated in the study.
Data Gathering Procedure
In order to document the needed data for the research, we utilized the
following procedures:
Permission. In order to conduct interviews for the study, the researcher
will seek permission from the principal of Tandag National Science High
School. Following the principal's approval, we will ask the selected
participants for permission to answer whether they meet the participant
criteria or not. If the participant is classified as a must be a Grade 11 STEM
student, lived with their parents during the lockdown last March 2020, and
must agree that their relationships with their family has significantly improved
during the ECQ period. Following their approval, the researcher will request
the participant's preferred time for the interview.

CITY OF TANDAG
Informed Written Consent. The researcher will seek formal
permission from the participant to participate in the study. The participant will
sign a consent form stating their agreement to participate in the study, and
informative written consent will be provided.
Interview. The interview with the participants will be conducted one-
on-one. We will select a location based on the convenience of the
participants. During the interview, a good conversational approach will be
used to get through information about the topic. The researcher will discuss
the study's confidentiality and purpose. Participants will have the opportunity
to ask questions.
Recording and Transcription. The researcher will film the
participant's responses with an audio recording device based on the
participant's reference, and then transcribe them. Following the transcription,
the ideas of the participants will be highlighted.
Data Analysis. Colaizzi's method will be used by the researcher
because it helps to identify important information and organize it into themes
and categories. The seven steps of this method will be strictly followed: the
research will write down all of the subject descriptions, obtain the important
statements, formulate meanings from their statements, construct a theme

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from it, develop a comprehensive description, identify the fundamental
structure of the findings, and return to the participants for validation, in that
order.
Ethical Considerations
It is critical to adhere to rules and ethics both during and after the
conduct of this research. The researcher will not cause harm to the
participant in any way. Respect for the participants and the environment will
be instilled. Any responses and/or answers provided by interview participants
will not be disclosed to anyone or anywhere. In terms of data findings, the
researcher will emphasize fairness and transparency in the participants'
reactions and responses.

CITY OF TANDAG
REFERENCE CITED
Ahmed, D., Buheji, M., & Fardan, S. M. (2020). Re-emphasising the future family
role in “care economy” as a result of covid-19 pandemic spillovers. American
Journal of Economics, 10(6), 332-338.
Buheji M; Ahmed, D (2020b) Planning for 'The New Normal' - Foresight and
Management of the Possibilities of Socio-economic. Spillovers due to
COVID-19 Pandemic, Business Management and Strategy Vol. 11, No. 1,
pp.160-179.
Buheji, M and Ahmed, D (2020a) Foresight of Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Opportunities for a Better World, American Journal of Economics; 10(2): 97-
108.
Buheji, M; Ahmed, Dunya and Jahrami, H (2020) Living Uncertainty in the New
Normal, International Journal of Applied Psychology; 10(2): 21-31.
Buheji, M; Hassani, S; Ebrahim, A; Cunha, C; Jahrami, H;Baloshi, M; Hubail, S
(2020) Children and Coping During COVID-19: A Scoping Review of Bio-
Psycho-Social Factors. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 10(1): 8-
15.
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Evans, S. (2020). From “It Has Stopped Our Lives” to “Spending More Time
Together Has Strengthened Bonds”: The Varied Experiences of Australian
Families During COVID-19. Frontiers.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588667/full
Evans, S. (2020b). From “It Has Stopped Our Lives” to “Spending More Time
Together Has Strengthened Bonds”: The Varied Experiences of Australian
Families During COVID-19. Frontiers.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588667/full#h2
Gingrich, F. C. (2017). Strengthening family resilience to trauma.
Giordani RCF, da Silva MZ, Muhl C, et al. (2020) Fear of COVID-19 scale:
Assessing fear of the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil. Journal of Health
Psychology.
Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault,
L., et al. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19
pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psych. 7, 547–
560.
Impact of COVID-19 on people’s livelihoods, their health and our food systems.
(2020). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news/item/13-10-

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2020-impact-of-covid-19-on-people’s-livelihoods-their-health-and-our-food-
systems
Kerr, M. E. (1981). Family systems theory and therapy. Handbook of family
therapy, 1, 226-264.
Nelson, B. W., Pettitt, A. K., Flannery, J., and Allen, N. B. (2020). Psychological
and Epidemiological Predictors of COVID-19 Concern and Health-Related
Behaviors. PsyArXiv Preprint.
O’Connor AM and Evans AD (2020) Dishonesty during a pandemic: The
concealment of COVID19 information. Journal of Health Psychology.
Rand, K. L., & Touza, K. K. (2020). Hope Theory 30. The Oxford Handbook of
Positive Psychology, 425.
Roshgadol, J. (2020) Quarantine Quality Time: 4 in 5 Parents Say Coronavirus
Lockdown Has Brought Family Closer Together. Study Finds.
https://www.studyfinds.org/quarantine-quality-time-4-in-5-parentssay-
coronavirus-lockdown-hasbrought-family-closertogether/.
Rothbaum, F., Rosen, K., Ujiie, T., & Uchida, N. (2002). Family systems theory,
attachment theory, and culture. Family process, 41(3), 328-350.

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Sandoz, E. K., Moyer, D. N., & Armelie, A. P. (2015). Psychological flexibility as a
framework for understanding and improving family reintegration following
military deployment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 41(4), 495-507.
Somma A, Gialdi G, Frau C, et al. (2020) COVID19 pandemic preventive
behaviors and causal beliefs among Italian community dwelling adults.
Journal of Health Psychology.
Szabo, T.G., Richling, S., Embry, D.D. et al. (2020) From Helpless to Hero:
Promoting Values-Based Behavior and Positive Family Interaction in the
Midst of COVID-19.
Walsh, F. (2015). Strengthening family resilience. Guilford publications.

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Republic of the Philippines

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

With the COVID-19 pandemic, people and families worldwide have

seen unprecedented shutdowns, shortages and stress causes. In order to

guarantee a more stringent system of social dissociation and isolation

measures in the pandemic early on, the Philippine government introduced

lock-outs and enhanced Community quarantines across the whole country

(March to May 2020). In addition to the threat to health from COVID-19,

these measures pose a significant risk to the population, including

compromised family mental health and relationships (Holmes et al., 2020).

standards at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic (Nelson et al., 2020). In

the Philippines had experienced devastating terrorism, earthquakes and

This study is thus important, because psychological and financial resources

could have been compromised before the pandemic appeared, to understand

silver lining in a dark clouds brought by the pandemic.

In view of adversity or major health threats, people often focus quickly

on the negative consequences of the threat. Negative results are often

promoted by misinformation about threats (O'Connor & Evans, 2020; Somma

et al.,2020) or fear of threats (Giordani et al., 2020). However, several

positive aspects despite the challenging nature of certain situations (i.e. a

silver lining). According to Gingrich (2017), much of the trauma literature

focuses on the individual's reaction to trauma. The literature on resilience, on

in an individual's recovery from trauma. Even in today's increasingly fractured

culture, family relationships, including marriages and extended family, are

frequently a victim's primary healing community, regardless of whether they

live in individualistic or collectivist cultures.

Finding silver lining in a dark cloud and strengthening family

multiple studies performed on the silver linings brought by pandemic in

effects of the COVID-19 pandemic to strengthening family relationships,

therefore, conducting this phenomenological research on this matter is

essential to understand more the effects brought by this pandemic.

For this reason, the researcher is moved to conduct a study on The

Silver Lining of Pandemic: The Relationship Throughout the Family of Grade

11 STEM learners of Tandag National Science High School which aims to

determine the impact of Enhanced Community Quarantine to a family, and

appreciate the good things that happened amidst the pandemic.

Family Systems Theory

The family systems theory, developed by Dr. Murray Bowen, proposes

that individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but

rather as members of their family, because the family is an emotional unit

(Kerr, 1981). Families are interconnected and interdependent systems of

individuals, none of whom can be understood apart from the system

(Rothbaum et al., 2002).

family relationship contributes to one’s overall improvement after a traumatic

experience of exposure to different stressors brought by this pandemic. The

researcher believes that this will lead to development of understanding the

self-recovery and therapy of every family member as well as they key to

strengthening their bond as a family.

Hope is defined as the belief in one's ability to create pathways to

concepts of Synder's (1994a) cognitive model of hope, including goals,

the aftereffects of goal-directed thoughts and actions, and they serve as

feedback on perceived success or failure in the pursuit of a goal. A temporal

model of the goal-pursuit process is presented, along with an explanation of

the role of hope cognitions. Research on hope is examined. Superior

academic and athletic performance, improved physical and psychological

well-being, improved interpersonal relationships, and improved work

theory research and application include examining associations between