Aquino, Ma. Samantha T.

November 19, 2020

BSN – 1B A&P – Case study 10

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the volume of sugar in the blood is

elevated. It is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or usually
respond to insulin, causing blood sugar levels to be increasing.

Signs (Objective)

A person with Diabetes Mellitus can experience frequent urination, weight

loss, headache, increased hunger, frequent infections and slow healing sores. In
addition to this is an individual may encounter signs such as dry and itchy skin
accompanied by dry mouth.

Signs (Subjective)

A person with Diabetes Mellitus can feel weakness and tired feeling together
with this is fatigue along with nausea and vomiting. A blurred vision can also be
felt by an individual undergoing this condition. In addition to this, numbness and
tingling sensation can be felt in the hands and feet. Moreover, the patient might
also watch for the 4P’s symptoms which stands for Paresthesia, Polydipsia,
Polyuria and Polyphagia. Parenthesia stands for the abnormal sensation of the
skin; Polydipsia stands for excessive thirst, Polyuria stands for frequent urinating,
and Polyphagia stands for extreme or excessive hunger. These are the regular
signs and symptoms to look for or to determine Diabetes Miletus.

Causes

Environmental and genetic factors cause diabetes Mellitus. Wherein it is

divided into two types of Diabetes Mellitus which is the Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1
diabetes is when the body system does not produce insulin, and Type 2 diabetes
is when the body does not use insulin properly. Furthermore, having an unhealthy
lifestyle can be a significant cause of Diabetes Mellitus, especially physical
inactivity, because the body becomes weak if it does not use the proper function
of it.
Pathophysiology

Environmental factors Genetic Factors

Unhealthy lifestyle
Stress

Insulin resistance

Poor alpha and beta cells

of pancreas

Insulin deficiency

Inefficient to produce Increase glucose in blood

insulin

Decreased absorption of Production of glucose

glucose protein and fats

Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia

Acidosis

Diabetes Mellitus
Risk factors

Many factors could be associated with Diabetes Mellitus, but most of the
recognized risk is overweight or obese person aging from 45 years old and older.
Physical inactivity is also one of the risk factors that might trigger Diabetes
Mellitus because the body system is not functioning correctly by its function.
Hypertension and cardiovascular disease because of high blood pressure can
trigger the risk of the disease. Having a family history of diabetes is also one of
the risk factors because of genetic odds of impaired glucose tolerance. Moreover
of these risk is having a low level of HDL or good cholesterol, and high level of
triglyceride can be one of the factors that may cause Diabetes Mellitus.

Complications

Diabetes Mellitus could develop into numerous complications like

hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, skin conditions and hearing impairment. There are
also long term complications such as cardiovascular disease, periodontal disease
and foot damage. The common complications are neuropathy which is damage to
nerves, nephropathy which is damage to kidney, retinopathy which is damage to
eyes and diabetic ketoacidosis which is breaking down fat at a rate that is much
too fast and cause ketones to cause the blood to become acidic. These
complications are life-threatening, but taking care of your body beforehand can
prevent these severe complications.

Preventions

To prevent Diabetes Mellitus, a person should invest in their health. Eating

healthful foods and getting more physical activity is the primary prevention to
acquire this disease. Maintaining proper weight will always be beneficial to the
body because uncontrolled and excess fats may cause obesity which is a risk
factor that may cause Diabetes Mellitus. In addition to this, avoid smoking and
alcohol consumption can help you to get in track of the proper and healthy lifestyle.
Instead drink more fluids such as water or electrolytes, which can help your body
to regulate urination and adequate flow of nutrients to the body system. Lastly is
to minimize the intake of processed foods, too many sweets and salty chips.
Change your bad habits earlier to avoid any complications in the future.
 \Photographs related to Diabetes Mellitus

An individual monitoring the sugar level using the blood glucose monitoring kit.

A visual representation of the difference between Type I and II Diabetes in terms of insulin.

A visual presentation of the symptoms that may occur is specific body organ related to
Diabetes Mellitus.
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