MICRO GRID

K.SUNITHA
175D1A0220
Contents

•Introduction

•Microgrid Operating Modes

•Operation

•The Need of Microgrid

•Interconnected Microgrids

•Power Parks

•Environmental Aspects

•Conventional Grid versus Microgrid

• Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid

•Conclusion
Introduction

1. What is Microgrid?

•Its a smallscale power supply network that isdesigned to provi

de power for a small community.

•It enables local power generation for local loads.

•It comprises of various small power generating sourcesthat m

akes it highly flexible and efficient.
Microgrid Components
• Distributed Generation

• Loads

• Immediate storage

• Controller

• Point of Common Coupling

 Microgrid Operating Modes
1. Grid Connected Mode:

• Utility grid is active.

• Static switch is closed

• All the feeders are beingsupplied by utility grid.

2.Island Mode:
• Utility grid is not supplying power

• Static switch is open.

• Feeder A, B, C are being suppliedby Microsources.

• Feeder D (not sensitive )is dead.

Operation:
• The operation and management of Micro-
grid in differentmodes are controlled and coordinate
d through:-
• Micro source controller(MC):
• The main function of MC is to independently controlt
he Power flow and load-
end voltage profile of the microsource in response to
any disturbance and load changes.

• Another significant aspect of MC is its quickness inre

sponding to the locally monitored voltages and curre
ntsirrespective of the data from the neighboring MCs

• Central controller(CC) :The CC executes the overallco

ntrol of Micro-
grid operation and protection through theMCs.Its obj
ectives are:-

• To maintain specified voltage and frequency at the lo

adend .
Interconnected Microgrids

• Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.

• For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect manyMicrogri

ds to form a larger Microgrid network calledPower Parks.

• The advantages of this Microgrid structure insuresgreater st

ability and controllability for the Power Parks.
The Need Of Microgrid:

• Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.

• Transmission losses gets highly reduced.

• Microgrid results in substantial savings and cutsemissions wi

thout major changes to lifestyles.

• Provide high quality and reliable energy supply tocritical loa

ds
 Advantages Of Micro grid:

•During a utility grid disturbance, micro grid canseparate and I

isolate itself from the utility seamlesslywith little or no disrupti
on to the loads within theMicrogrid.

• In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by

reducing the load on the grid.

• Significant environmental benefits made possible

Disadvantages:

• Voltage, frequency and power quality are three mainparame

ters that must be considered and controlled toacceptable st
andards whilst the power and energybalance is maintained.

• Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banksthus req

uiring more space and maintenance.

• Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.

 Conclusion:

• Microgrid, a new area in the power sector, has immensepotent

ial to reduce the effect of blackouts, powerdeficiencies and its
autonomy helps to supply poweruninteruptly to the customers
.

• Its implementation requires restructuring of electricalstandard

s, market rules and govt. grants, which are not abig issue but n
eed some time.

• This revolution has a great effect, because still there aresome p

laces where electricity has not been reached yetand for them
micro-
grid is the only affordable, sustainableand reliable option.
THANKS YOU