Cooling Tower Working and Types - Chemical Engineering World

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Cross Flow Cooling Tower


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Cooling Tower
Working and Types
JUNE 19, 2020
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Cooling Tower Working and Types

Cooling Tower Working and Types:-


Cooling towers are a special kind of heat
Translate » exchanger devices where air and hot
water are brought into direct contact with
each other in order for the evaporative
cooling to take place and the temperature
of the water to drop due to it. During
evaporative cooling process the air has to
be unsaturated so that it can store the
evaporated water vapours and for the
water to change its phase from liquid to
gas, latent energy is required which the
water absorbs from the surrounding.

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Cooling Tower Working and Types

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evaporative cooling.

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The hot water is input in the equipment
from the top of the cooling tower. The hot
water is flows through a pipe and is made
to pass through spray nozzles. The water
flows in the tower as droplets. The
advantage of doing this is that the surface
area of contact of air water increases. The
water falls down due to the influence of
gravity.

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The air is input in the equipment through the
bottom of the cooling tower.

The water falls on the fill material. The fill


materials are the zone where the intimate
contact of air and hot water occurs. The
fill materials are also sometimes called
packings or baffles. The purpose of the fill
material is to increase the effective
surface area which is responsible for heat
transfer.

Mechanical Steam Traps After the hot water and air come in
contact, evaporative cooling takes place
which results in decrease in temperature of
the water and increase in temperature of
the air.

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The cooled water is collected from the


bottom of the cooling tower and the warm
air rises and moves out from the top of the
cooling tower.

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Types of Check Valves (Non Return Valve)
NRV Types of cooling
towers
Air Draft cooling towers are classified as
Atmospheric towers, Natural draft towers
and Mechanical draft towers. The
Mechanical draft towers are further
classified into Forced draft type and
Induced draft type.

1. Atmospheric Cooling
Towers
How to Run A Pump ? This is the simplest type of cooling tower.
It consists of a rectangular chamber which
has louvered walls on the opposite end.
The louvers are devices which act as
barrier for splash out and sunlight, also the
louvers give a direction to the flowing wind.
The atmospheric air enters the cooling
tower depending on the speed of the wind
guided by the louvers. The tower is filled
with fill material on which contact of air
and water takes place. They are cheap but
inefficient because the performance is
largely driven by wind velocity and
direction.
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Atmospheric Cooling Tower

2. Natural Draft Cooling


Towers
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concrete structure of hyperbolic shape.
The tower is called so because the
movement of air happens naturally inside
the tower. The tower consists of a spray
mechanism beneath which alternative
layers of battens are stacked along with
the packing material.

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Evaporative Air Coolers


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Natural Draft Cooling Towers


Natural Draft Cooling Towers

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Natural Draft Cooling Tower

The air enters from the bottom and the


water gets splashed when it touches
battens and forms the shape of droplets.
These droplets result in a good heat
transfer area. The rise in temperature of
Translate »
the air and humidity reduces its density due
to which it becomes relatively more
buoyant and rises naturally. Drift eliminators
are placed in the tower to catch the liquid
droplets which may be entrained with the
air.

3. Forced Draft Cooling


Towers
Forced draft towers are a type of
mechanical draft towers because they use
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21 JUL, 2019 move air inside the cooling tower.

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Forced Draft Cooling Tower

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Forced draft towers use fans at the
bottom of the tower in order to push the
air inside the cooling tower. The forced
mechanism makes it relatively more
efficient than a natural draft tower. If the
fans are big enough then it may cause the
motion of the air to become non-uniform
while it passes through the fill material. The
biggest disadvantage of forced draft
tower is that it may pick up the exit air from
outside and push it back inside the cooling
tower. This re-circulation reduces the
INSTRUMENTS
Control Valves Interview Questions efficiency of the tower because the
1 JUL, 2019 saturation level of inlet air increases.

4. Induced Draft Cooling


Towers
Induced draft towers are designed to
eliminate the re-circulation effect which
happens in forced draft towers. The fans in
induced draft towers are placed at the top
of the cooling tower. The space for air inlet
is made at the bottom of the tower. When
the fan operates, suction is created at the
bottom of the tower due to which the flow
INSTRUMENTS of air is induced.
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Induced Draft Cooling Towers

Induced Draft Cooling Tower

INSTRUMENTS
Subscribe Now In the counter flow mechanism of the
28 MAY, 2019 process, the power required to move air
will be high because the air entry to the
packing will face the maximum resistance
due to the liquid exiting the packing.
Induced draft towers can be operated in
concurrent flow, counter current flow and
cross flow.

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Alfie Rivera  June 20, 2020 at 3:07 am


i like to learn more regarding the
Cooling Tower

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