AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOIDA

CLASS IX BIOLOGY

CHAPTER : THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

Handout 2
TOPIC : CELL ORGANELLES

S.NO ORGANELLE STRUCTURE FUNCTION

.
1. Endoplasmic Large network of membrane bound 1. RER manufactures proteins
Reticulum(ER) tubules and vesicles. 2. SER manufactures fats(lipids)
It is of two types: 3. Many fats and lipids are together
a)Rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER): needed for the manufacture of the cell
Has ribosomes attached to its surface membrane. This is called Membrane
b)Smooth Endoplasmic Biogenesis.
Reticulum(SER): No ribosomes 4. Some lipids and proteins work as
enzymes and hormones
5. ER forms a system of transport within
the cell and between the cytoplasm and
nucleus
6.It provides a surface for biochemical
reactions
7. In the Liver SER is involved in
Detoxification.

2. Golgi Membrane bound vesicles arranged in 1. Storage, Modification, Packaging and

Apparatus parallel stacks called Cisterns. Often transport of substances synthesised by
attached to the ER the ER.
2. Transport of substances inside and
outside the cell.
3. Formation of Lysosomes

1. Waste disposal system of the cell.

3. Lysosomes Membrane bound sacs filled with 2. Digests any foreign material or worn
strong digestive enzymes out cell organelle.
3. If the cell gets damaged the
lysosomes burst open and digest their
own cell. Which is why lysosomes are
called the suicide bags of the cell.

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4 Mitochondria 1. Surrounded by a double membrane,
the outer membrane is porous while
the inner one is deeply folded.(Folds
increase surface area for ATP
production.
2. Have their own DNA and ribosomes
5. Plastids 1. Two types:
a) Luecoplasts : Colourless
b) Chromoplasts : Coloured ; If green
coloured due to presence of
chlorophyll then it is known as
Chloroplasts
2. Internally Chloroplasts contain
many layers embedded in a jelly like
material called stroma.
3. Cholroplasts also have their own
DNA and Ribosomes
6. Vacuoles 1. Sac like structures
2. Larger in plant cells than in animal
cells
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ON CELL ORGANELLES-
1) What is membrane biogenesis?
Ans. Many fats and lipids are together needed for manufacture of cell membrane. This is called
biogenesis. It is done by endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
1. Synthesises ATP (Adenosine Tri
Phosphate) molecules which are the
energy currency of the cell.
2. With the help of their own DNA they
can make many of the proteins required
by them
1. Leucoplasts store starch, proteins and
fats
2. Chromoplasts give colour to fruits
and flowers.
3. Choroplasts have chlorophyll which is
needed for photosynthesis.
4. With the help of their own DNA
chloroplasts can make many of the
proteins required by them
1. In plant cells they store CELL SAP
2. Provide turgidity and rigidity to the
cell
3.Store Aminoacids, Sugars, Proteins,
Fats etc. in both plant and animal cells
3. Food vacuoles store food in
unicellular organisms
4. In some unicellular organisms
specialised vacuoles such as Contractile
vacuoles help in expelling excess water
and wastes from the cell
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2) Name the part of the cell which gives rise to ER (endoplasmic reticulum) in the cell.

Ans. Nuclear membrane

3) Name the cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes synthesized by ER.

Ans. Lysosomes

4) Name the most important function of Golgi bodies or Golgi apparatus.

Ans. Storage, modification, packaging and despatch of substances synthesized by endoplasmic

reticulum.

5) Name the cell organelle responsible for release of energy as ATP.

Ans. Mitochondria

6) Name the energy currency of the cell.

Ans. ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

7) Name the important function of vacuole.

Ans. Vacuoles are important for maintenance of water balance.

8) Name the two cell organelles which contain DNA apart from nucleus.

Ans. Mitochondria and Chloroplast (plastids)

Give reasons:

1) Why is mitochondria called the power house of the cell?

Ans. Mitochondria are known as the power house of the cell. The energy required for various
chemical activities needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form of ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) molecules. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell.

2) Why are lysosomes called waste disposal system of the cell?

Ans. Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell. Lysosomes help to keep the cell
clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles. Foreign materials
entering the cell, such as bacteria or food, as well as old organelles end up in the lysosomes,
which break them up into small pieces.

3) Why are lysosomes also known as the “suicide bags” of the cell?
Ans. lysosomes contain powerful digestive enzymes capable of breaking down all organic
material. During disturbance in cellular metabolism, for Example: when the cell gets damaged,
lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell. Therefore, lysosomes are known as
the “suicide bags” of a cell.