ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES:

FORM, BEHAVIOR, AND DESIGN

ARCH 331
DR. ANNE NICHOLS
SUMMER 2014
lecture
twenty
concrete construction:
T-beams & slabs
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Systems
• beams separate from slab
• beams integral with slab
– close spaced
• continuous beams
• no beams

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T sections
• two areas of compression in moment
possible
• one-way joists
• effective flange width

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T sections
• negative bending: min As, larger of:
6 f c′ 3 f c′
As = (bw d ) As = (b f d )
fy fy
• effective width (interior)
– L/4
– bw + 16t
– center-to-
center of Cf
Cw
beams
T
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T sections
• usual analysis steps
1. assume no compression in web
2. design like a 0.85f’c
rectangular beam a=1x
a/2 C
3. needs reinforcement
in slab too T
4. also analyze for negative
moment, if any

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One-Way
• Joists
– standard
stems
– 2.5” to 4.5”
slab
– ~30” widths
– reusable
forms

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One-Way
• Joists
– wide pans
– 5’, 6’ up
– light loads &
long spans
– one-leg
stirrups

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Compression Reinforcement
• doubly reinforced
• negative bending
• two compression forces
• bigger Mn
• control deflection
• increase ductility
• needs ties because
of buckling
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Compression Reinforcement
• analysis
– As & As´
– T = Cc + Cs
– T = Asfy
– Cs = As´(f´s - 0.85f´c)
– Cc = 0.85f´cba with a  1 x
– fs´ not known, so solve for x (n.a.)
– fs´ < fy ?
– Mn = T(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d´)
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Slabs
• one way behavior – like beams
• two way behavior – more complex

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Slab Design
• one unit wide “strip”
• with uniform loads
– like “wide” beams
– moment / unit width
– uniform curvature
• with point loads
– resisted by stiffness
of adjacent strips
– more curvature in middle
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Slab Design
• min thickness by code
• reinforcement
– bars, welded wire mesh
– cover
– minimum by steel grade
• 40-50:
As
  0.002
• 60: bt
As
  0.0018
bt
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One-Way Slabs
• As tables
• max spacing
–  3(t) and 18”
–  5(t) and 18” – temp & shrinkage steel
• no room for stirrups

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Precast
• prestressed
– PCI Design
Handbook
– double T’s
– hollow core
– L’s
• topping
• load tables

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