IoT based Gas Leakage detection
Pranay Y, Arpit K, *satya kumar c
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore
Abstract
Since the initial days of LPG cylinders, gas
leakage and its disastrous effects have been
prevalent. In modern day pipelined gas
transfer as well, gas leakage is inevitable
due to various joints and other transmission
components. The gas leakage up to a certain
mass level can be ignored, however it is
very important to raise an alarm if it
surpasses certain threshold values.
IoT can be utilized for efficient and easy
monitoring of gas leakages on a continuous
basis and from any distance. The usage of
certain devices which can either
automatically take the necessary measures,
or inform the owner about this hazard, could
save lives.
Introduction
This project is designed to avoid industrial
and household accidents and to monitor
harmful, poisonous gases and to send alert
messages to concerned authorities using a
Microcontroller(Arduino) and Internet of
Things. The system monitors and controls
the environmental conditions like methane,
carbon monoxide, LPG, hydrogen, sulphur
dioxide and other flammable gases with
sensors and send this data with cloud server
and produces real time analysis of sensor
data using visualization techniques. This
system also analyses the sensor data and
sends warnings through a mobile application
to the concerned authorities. So, this system
predicts and produce warnings for increase
in gas levels, produces visualization of real
time analysis of various gases, and also
produces alerts when the gas levels go
beyond a particular level. If the gas level
goes beyond a certain level, the
microcontroller will trigger valve to turn off
the gas supply and turn on fans, buzzers and
LED to alert the people. The leakage of the
gas causes destructible impact to the lives
and as well as to the heritage of the people.
So, by keeping it in the concept of the
project we have determined to develop an
examining system which finds the leak of
LPG gas and protects the work places by
taken correct precaution at correct time. This
system provides the information such as
when a gas leakage is noticed, sensors of in
the project are used to notice the gas leakage
and immediately turns ON the buzzer for the
danger indication. Buzzer is a clear
indication of gas leakage. By the detection
of the hazardous gas the alerting message
reached to the person who has control over it
from the GSM. Detection of the gas leakage
is important and halting leakage is important
equally. The main objective of this project is
that it is extremely accurate with a least cost,
this project system is best to detect gas
leakage and also warn people around by
buzzer beep sound and an SMS is been send
to the responsible person for preparatory
safety calculations.
Literature Survey
[1]Pal-Stefan et.al (2008); Introduced few
old and new technologies to detect the gas.
In this the proposed techniques are
nontechnical, acoustic methods, optical
methods and active methods. Survey says
wide range of techniques are available for
Gas detection.However, each applications
has few of the limitations [1]
[2]Manichandana Simrah et.al (2019); in
this paper they told about their research on
leakage detection and analysis of leakage
point in the gas pipeline system. In this
paper they gave various model which used
SCADA I/F Model: The SCADA system has
the function of transferring the acquired data
from a pipeline system to Transient
Simulation Model every 30 seconds. This
module communicates with SCADA.
Dynamic parameters are collected every 30
seconds, such as pressure, flow and
temperature. Transient Simulation Model:
Transient flow is simulated utilizing perfect
numerical methods based on actual data.
Pressure and temperature served as
independent variables are provided in order
to get average pressure and average
temperature [2]
[3]P.Meenakshi Vidya, S.Abinaya,
G.Geetha Rajeshwari, N.Guna,“Automatic
LPG detection and hazard controlling”
published in April 2014 published in April
2014 proposed the leakage detection and
real time gas monitoring system. In this
system, the gas leakage is detected and
controlled by means of exhaust fan. The
level of LPG in cylinder is also continuously
monitored. [3]
[4]Pal-Stefan Murvaya, Ioan Sileaa, 2008,
they told in their survey on gas leak
detection and localization techniques
various ways to detect the gas leakage. They
introduce some old or new technique to
detect the gas. The proposed techniques in
their paper are nontechnical methods,
hardware-based methods which include
acoustic methods, optical methods and
active methods. In their survey they told a
wide variety of leak detecting techniques is
available for gas pipelines. Some techniques
have been improved since their first
proposal and some new ones were designed
as a result of advances in sensor
manufacturing and computing power.
However, each detection method comes with
its advantages and disadvantages. Leak
detection techniques in each category share
some advantages and disadvantages. For
example, all external techniques which
involve detection done from outside the
pipeline by visual observation or portable
detectors are able to detect very small leaks
and the leak location, but the detection time
is very long. Methods based on the
mathematical model of the pipe have good
results at high flow rates while at low flow
rates a mass balance-based detection system
would be more suitable. This disadvantage
is prone to disappear for some of these
techniques due to forthcoming technological
advancements.[4]
[5]Falohun A.S., Oke A.O., and Abolaji
B.M. 2016, in this paper they proposed their
dangerous gas detection using an integrated
circuit and MQ-9. In this basically, they
used an embedded design which includes
typical input and output devices include
switches, relays, solenoids, LEDs, small or
custom LCD displays, radio frequency
devices, and sensors for data such as
temperature, humidity, light level etc.
Embedded systems usually have no
keyboard, screen, disks, printers, or other
recognizable I/O devices of a personal
computer, and may lack human interaction
device. The amount and type of detectors
and the type of fire alarm system that one
chooses for property protection will depend
on the owner’s property protection goals, the
value of the property and the requirements
of the owner’s insurance company.
Generally, heat detection will be used in all
areas that are not considered high value.
Here again, one of the most common
mistakes in fire alarm generally, heat
detection will be used in all areas that are
not considered high value. Here again, one
of the most common mistakes in fire alarm
system application is to provide partial
protection of a building and expect high
performance from the installed systems of
any kind.System application is to provide
partial protection of a building and expect
high performance from the installed systems
of any kind. [5
Proposed Method
Through this project, we aim to design a
system that can detect the presence of
natural gases and send alert signals to the
users and nearest engineers of the
leakage occurrence, and by showing a
dashboard to the operator. The difference
between the proposed system and the
existing ones is that it shows a full screen Proposed System
dashboard on a 24 hour basis, connected to
Components
Wi-Fi allowing faster information to be sent
● MQ216 Gas sensor
to the dashboard.
● MQ9 Gas sensor
● Arduino Uno
We will use gas sensors which can sense
● Wi-Fi module ESP8266
various gases like methane, carbon
● 16X2 LCD
monoxide, LPG, hydrogen, Nitrogen
● Fan
dioxide, sulphur dioxide etc. This sensor
● Valve
data is sent to a microcontroller(Arduino).
● Breadboard
This data is processed and sent to the
● 1K ohm resistors
ThingsSpeak Cloud via the ESP8266 WiFi
● 220 ohm resistor
module, where we store data and analyse
● Buzzer
sensor data.
● Connecting wires

The administrator can access this data and

Arduino UNO : Microcontroller
also gets an alert when the gas level reaches
Arduino UNO is employed is shown in
than a given max limit. The concerned
fig.2. The central unit of the system is
authority gets notifications, alerts through
Arduino board, where all the
mobile application if any harmful gas goes
components are interfaced externally on
beyond a stipulated level. As soon as the gas
the board and programmed as per their
sensor level surpasses the threshold level,
functionality to work in synchronization.
fan and valve are turned on to help disperse
it's an electronic prototyping platform/
the air and gas, after which the Arduino will
board supported Atmega-328 which is of
turn on the buzzer and LED for visual
8-bit, 16 Mhz. during this serial
reference to dumb and blind, after which the
communication is enabled and has 14
users are alerted via ThingsSpeak cloud
digital input /output pins (out of which 6
server.
are PWM) and 6 analog input pins. It
operates at 5v. every pin contains a
specific function to control.
The storage is non-volatile storage and
EEPROM. The key comparison of a
non-volatile storage with the EEPROM
is that the incontrovertible fact that non-
volatile storage contents are erasable. In
contrast to a EEPROM, the entire device
is erased. where one can erase and judge
on bases of Byte and section. The
availability of the non-volatile memory
during which the blocks of the contains
are divided and therefore block by block
the portion is erased, where an no erased
option is provided for the EEPROM
byte. thanks to the actual fact that the
programming of the non-volatile storage
performed while it’s on the system board
socket. BIOSROM of the PCB is the
new upgrade which is immensely used.
MQ2 Sensor: MQ-2 gas sensor module
is shown in fig.3. It is a sensor detector
used to detects the flammable gas and
smoke concentration of the combustible
gas in the air, and output is read in the
analog voltage and digital value output.
Supply input voltage is 5v. it is very
sensitive to H2, LPG, CH4, CO,
SMOKE, PROPANE. It has three pins
for transmitter, receiver, ground and
sensitivity can be adjust by the
potentiometer. Detects LPG from
200ppm to 10000ppm.
Gas Sensor(MQ9); module is useful for
gas leakage detection (in home and
industry). It is suitable for detecting
LPG, CO, CH4. Due to its high
sensitivity and fast response time,
measurements can be taken as soon as
possible. The sensitivity of the sensor
can be adjusted by using the
potentiometer
Wi-Fi module ESP8266: The ESP8266
WiFi Module is a self contained SOC
with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
that can give any microcontroller access
to your WiFi network. The ESP8266 is
capable of either hosting an application
or offloading all WiFi networking
functions from another application
processor. Each ESP8266 module comes
pre-programmed with an AT command
set firmware, meaning, you can simply
hook this up to your Arduino device and
get about as much WiFi-ability as a
WiFi Shield offers (and that's just out of
the box)! The ESP8266 module is an
extremely cost effective board with a
huge, and ever growing, community.
 LCD : LCD is employed for displaying middle while the remaining holes are
the message indicating that” gas detected connected vertically.
at zone” into the display, which is initially
coded in program to display the danger. The
message been displayed on the LCD, data
and command both are register of LCD. The
register selects is employed to modify the
registers. data register RS=1, whereas for
the command register RS=0 is employed.

Buzzer: Buzzer is used to alarm the beep

sound to indicate and warn the danger to the
people working around. The buzzer is the
output of the system. The sound of the
buzzer is beep-beep, which indicates the
danger

Breadboard: A breadboard is a solderless

device for temporary prototype with
electronics and test circuit designs. Most
electronic components in electronic circuits
can be interconnected by inserting their
leads or terminals into the holes and then
making connections through wires where
appropriate. The breadboard has strips of
metal underneath the board and connect the
holes on the top of the board. The metal
strips are laid out as shown below. Note that
the top and bottom rows of holes are
connected horizontally and split in the
System Architecture
We will use gas sensors which can sense
various gases like methane, carbon
monoxide, LPG, hydrogen, Nitrogen
dioxide, sulphur dioxide etc. This sensor
data is sent to a microcontroller(Arduino).
This data is processed and sent to the
ThingsSpeak Cloud via the ESP8266 WiFi
module, where we store data and analyse
sensor data. The administrator and users can
access realtime gas levels in the facility
using the mobile and web apps after logging
in to the ThingsSpeak cloud.
They can see the data, as well as values of
different gases with timestamps and this can
help improve the safety of workers.
With the help of gas levels and timestamps,
we can make graphs for the same, with gas
levels of Methane, Natural Gas, LPG, etc.
The administrator gets an alert when the gas
level reaches than a given max limit. The
concerned authority gets notifications, alerts
through mobile application if any harmful
gas goes beyond a stipulated level. As soon
as the gas sensor level surpasses the
threshold level, fan and valve are turned on
to help disperse the air and gas, after which
the Arduino will turn on the buzzer and LED
for visual and audio reference to differently
abled workers, after which the users are
alerted via ThingsSpeak cloud server.

. Conf. on Architecture, Software systems and
References
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Conclusion
Thus, with the implementation of this
project, we can eliminate the harmful effects
of gas leaks in various places. This was
made primarily for household safety and
small scale businesses;but the further
application of it would be to scale it on a
larger area, include more components like
smart displays and multi point safety system
for checking gas leaks at not one but
multiple places and analyze it in real-time.
project performance, can conclude that
detection of the LPG gas leakage is
incredible in the project system. Applicable
usefully in the industrial and domestic
purpose. In danger situations we are able to
save the life by using this system. An alert is
indicated by the module. A sensor node
senses gas like CO2, oxygen, propane. The
estimated range of transmission and