La Consolacion University Philippines

City of Malolos, Bulacan

Graduate School Department

RAVAGO, ROCHELLE R. EDUC 203 – Statistics and Analysis

MAE-ENGLISH Prof. MELISSA S. SANCHEZ

ACTIVITY 2: DEFINITION OF TERMS

POSITIONAL MEASURES: PERCENTILES, DECILES, AND QUARTILES

Description of Percentile

A percentile is a term used in statistics to express how a score compares to other scores in the
same set. While there is technically no standard definition of percentile, it is typically communicated
as the percentage of values that fall below a particular value in a set of data scores.

Percentiles are commonly used to report values from norm-referenced tests (in which the
average is determined by comparing a set of results in the same group) as the percentages of scores
that fall below those of the average of the set. Percentile divides data into 100 equal parts.

Formula for Percentile

Grouped Data:

Let
Calculate
Pk = percentile
k
k = the index (ranking or position) Pk = 100 ( n )
n = total number of data values

Ungrouped Data:
Sample Data and Computation

1. Order the data from least to greatest

k
2. Calculate Pk = ( n)
100
 If Pk is an integer, then the k percentile is the data value in the Pk position
 If Pk is not an integer, the round Pk up and round Pk down to the nearest integers.
Average the data values in these two positions.

Sample 1: Find the 75th percentile, P75, for the following data.

1 3 8 12 15

16 25 33 34 39
44 51 56 60 64
70 82 84 86 90

93 96 97

k
Pk = (n)
100

75
= 100 ( 23 )

= 0.75 (23)

= 17.25 or 17

P75 = 82

Sample 2: Find the 50th percentile.

k
Pk = 100 ( n )
44+ 51
P50 =
2
50
= 100
( 23 )
=
95
2
= 0.50 (23)
P50 = 47.5
= 11.5

Because we do not know the exact value for 11.5,

we will get the 11th and 12 the percentile
which is 44 and 51

Sample Application and Interpretation of Percentile

Mrs. Santiago gave a 30-point reading comprehension quiz to the 15 students of Grade 10 -
Diamond. The scores were:

3 5 30 10 14
10 27 14 11 15
25 12 29 9 30

Find the P50 and P65 of the given data.

Arrange the scores in ascending order.

3 5 9 10 10
11 12 14 14 15
25 27 29 30 30

Find the P50

k
Pk = 100 ( n )
14+12
P50 =
2
50
P50 = 100 ( 15 ) =
26
2
= 0.50 (15)
P50 = 13
= 7.5 th

Find P60

k
Pk = 100 ( n )

60
P60 = 100 ( 15 )

= 0.60 (15)

= 9th

P60 = 14

Given the data scores above, the task is to find the percentile of P 50 and P65. Based on the
solution P50 is in the 7.5th position so it is in the middle of 7 th and 8th position with 12 and 14
value/score. After adding and dividing 12 and 14, it came up with the answer of 13. Now, P 50 is 13.
P65 is in 9th position which has the score of 14.
Description of Decile

Deciles are nine partitional values of the data or the given set of observation into ten equal
parts. These 9 values are represented by D₁, D₂, D₃, D₄, D₅, D₆, D₇, D₈ and D₉. In descriptive
statistics, the term “decile” refers to the nine values that split the population data into ten equal
fragments such that each fragment is representative of 1/10th of the population. In other words, each
successive decile corresponds to an increase of 10% points such that the 1st decile or D1 has 10% of
the observations below it, then 2nd decile or D2 has 20% of the observations below it, and so on so
forth.

Formula for Decile

Formula of decile for ungrouped data:

where:
n+1
Di = i ( )
10
i = 1,2, 3,…,9
n = number of samples
Example:

Find the D7,

D7 = 7 ( n+1
10 )

Formula of decile for grouped data:

where,

ℓ = lower boundary of the class containing the D2 or D9, i.e. the class corresponding to the
cumulative frequency in which 2N/10 or 9N/10 lies
w = class interval size of the class containing D2 or D9
f = frequency of the class containing D2 or D9
N = number of values, or the total frequency
‹C = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the class containing D2 or D9

Sample Data and Computation

These are the scores of 15 students of 10 – Amethyst

1 7 9 12 15
18 20 15 14 13
15 20 20 20 5

Step 1: Arrange the numbers in ascending order

1 3 5 7 9
12 13 14 15 15
15 18 20 20 20

Step 2: Locate the position of the score in the distribution.

Find the D5 of the given scores above.

Di = i ( n+1
10 )

D5 = 5 ( 15+1
10 )

=5 ( 1610 )
= 5 ( 1.6 )

= 8th position

D5 = 14
Sample Application and Interpretation of Decile

Mrs. Santiago gave a 30-point reading comprehension quiz to the 15 students of Grade 10 -
Diamond. The scores were:

3 5 30 10 14
10 27 14 11 15
25 12 29 9 30

Find the D5 and D8 of the given data.

Arrange the scores in ascending order.

3 5 9 10 10
11 12 14 14 15
25 27 29 30 30

Di = i ( n+1
10 )

D5 = 5 ( 15+1
10 )

=5 ( 1610 )
= 5 ( 1.6 )

= 8th position

D5 = 14

Di = i ( n+1
10 )

D8 = 8 ( 15+1
10 )

=8 ( 1610 )
 = 8 ( 1.6 )

= 12.8th position or 13th position

D8 = 29

Given the formula in finding the decile, the D5 is in 8 th position with the value or score of 14.
On the other hand, D8 is in the 12.8 or 13th position with a score of 29.
Description of Quartile

Quartile Formula is a statistical tool to calculate the variance from the given data by dividing
the same into 4 defined intervals and then comparing the results with the entire given set of
observations and commenting on the differences if any to the data sets. There are three quartiles,
first, second and third represented by Q1, Q2 and Q3, respectively. Q2 is nothing but the median,
since it indicates the position of the item in the list and thus, is a positional average.
The quartiles divide the set of measurements into four equal parts. Twenty-five per cent of the
measurements are less than the lower quartile, fifty per cent of the measurements are less than
the median and seventy-five per cent of the measurements are less than the upper quartile. So, fifty
per cent of the measurements are between the lower quartile and the upper quartile.

Formula for Quartile

The median is the middle value of the data set.

Median = 2 ( n+14 ) th
value where n is the number of data value in the data set.

The lower quartile (Q1) is the median of the lower half of the data set.

Q1¿ ( n+14 ) th
value where n is the number of data value in the data set.

The upper quartile (Q3) is the median of the upper half of the data set.

Q3¿ 3 ( n+14 ) th
value where n is the number of data value in the data set.

Quartiles for grouped data. The formulae for calculating Q1, Q2 and Q3 for grouped data are:
Sample Data and Computation

Find the median and lower quartile of the following data sets of scores.

18 20 23 20 23 27 24 23 29

Solution:

First, arrange the values in ascending order.

18 20 20 23 23 23 24 27 29

There are 9 values in the data set.

n=9

Now, let us compute the median (Q2) Lower quartile:

n+1 n+1
Q2 = 2 ( )4
th
value Q1 = ( )
4
th
value

=2
9+1
( )4
th
value = ( 9+14 ) th
value

=2
10
4( ) = ( 104 )
= 2.5 th value
= 2( 2.5 )

th
= 5 value
= ( 20+20
2 )
Average of the 2nd and 3rd value

Q2 = 23 = ( 402 )
Q1 = 20
Sample Application and Interpretation of Quartile

Determine the first quartile and third quartile from the following list:

1,2,3,4,5,10,23,24,25,26,27

Q1 = ( n+14 ) th
value

= ( 11+1
4 )
th
value

= ( 124 )
= 3rd position

Q1 = 3

Q3 = 3 ( n+14 ) th
value

=2 ( 11+1
4 )
th
value

=3 ( 124 )
= 3 (3)
 = 9th position

Q3 = 25

Given the data and formula, we can get the location of Q 1 which is 3rd position with a value of
3. On the other hand, Q3 is in 9th position with a value of 25.

REFERENCES

“How to Calculate Percentile Step by Step (and Examples).” Indeed Career Guide,
www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/how-to-calculate-percentile.

“Percentiles, Percentile Rank & Percentile Range: Definition & Examples.” Statistics How To, 11
Jan. 2021, www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/percentiles-rank-range/.

“Quartile Formula: Calculation of Quartile (Examples and Excel Template).” EDUCBA, 21 Sept.
2020, www.educba.com/quartile-formula/.

“Quartiles - Algebra II.” Private Tutoring, www.varsitytutors.com/algebra_ii-help/quartiles.

VLitonjua. “Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles.” 2012, 1 Jan. 1970,

quartilesdecilespercentiles.blogspot.com/2012/.