A REVIEW PAPER ON E-GOVERNANCE :
TRANSFORMING GOVERNMENT
Annu kumari (Research Scholar)
Department of Computer science and Engineering,
ASET
Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, India
kumariannu.amity98@gmail.com
Abstract-From the past era , governments all over the
world have taken huge steps in the field of Information
and Communication Technologies ,ICT. But the actual
goal achieved is still far behind what is actually needed by
the customers like citizens, businessmen, etc.
E-governance mainly focuses on the research tools and
models that can help its customers for more efficient
knowledge mining public administration and decision
making process. It is a big challenge for the whole world,
how can one benefit from the emerging intelligent tools,
technologies and implementation such as web2.0, Social
Computing and many more. Here , in this paper many
reviews has been discussed with its further more
implications that can be applied in the future.
Keywords-E-governance, Information and
Communication Technologies, ICT
I. Introduction
"E-governance" , a term which appeared only in
literatures and dictionaries but came in practice in late
1990's. Many researchers after deeply observing,
studied that Information and Communication
Technologies, ICT industry have been very much
beneficial in terms of knowledge mining, public
administration and decision making. ICT has been
recognized as a strong catalyst agent in developing a
good, efficient and a transparent government.
E-governance can be described as the proper delivery
of services and information applications to its users by
electronic means. E-governance can be helpful in
establishing a responsible and a transparent
government for the citizens of its nation. It is very
difficult for a government to mingle and cope up with
the developments in ICT implementations
spontaneously. This present era is completely the era
of information and communication technologies
demanding for more applications, but using it tools
and technologies efficiently and properly so that it can
978-1-4673-8203-8/16/$31.00 2016
c IEEE
Dr. Shailendra Narayan Singh
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
ASET
Amity University
Uttar Pradesh, India
snsingh36@amity.edu; sns2033@gmail.com
give the best results as demanded and on time. For
various sectors like public sectors, building public
policy, decision making, knowledge mining, etc
E-governance has become a primary demand. E
-governance can play a very important role in
eradicating and fighting with corruption. From the
past era, governments all over the world have taken
huge steps in the field of Information and
Communication Technologies, ICT. But the actual
goal achieved is still far behind what is actually
needed by the customers like citizens, businessmen,
etc. E-governance mainly focuses on the research
tools and models that can help its customers for more
efficient knowledge mining, public administration and
decision making process. It is a big challenge for the
whole world, how can one benefit from the emerging
intelligent tools, technologies and implementation
such as web2.0,Social Computing and many more.
Here, in this paper, many reviews has been discussed
with its further more implications that can be applied
in the future.
This paper proposes various aspects on how e
governance can be helpful in eradicating corruption
and forming a good, efficient and a transparent
government for its nation. Using ICT technologies E
governance can also be helpful in various sectors like
education, health, agriculture, transportation, and
many more. This paper also suggests some future
aspects that can further be implied on the discussed
reviews in future.
II. LITERATURE REVIEWS ON
RESEARCHES
Here below is discussed some already researches of
some researchers with their future implications if
applied:
689
A.(i). In[1],Sharma etal, discussed on the major issues
of E-Health for rural areas of Uttarakhand, India under
E governance Service Model. Uttarakhand lags
behind other states of India because there is a lack of
professional adoptions among doctors, nurses,
insurance or social security agencies in adopting the
new ICT applications. The author studied some E-
Health models like Wipro for Delhi Municipal
Corporation (DMC),CMC Ltd.:India Healthcare
Project In Andhra Pradesh and proposed some
E-Health services for Uttarakhand like
Tele-Consultation, Tele-Follow Up, Pre-Referral
Screening, Treatment Planning. Tele-Medicine,a part
of E-Healthcare Systems aims to provide specialist
care at doorstep to the needy and helpless patients in
remote and hilly areas.
A.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION: After reviewing the
authors view, before applying the services suggested
by the author, prior concern must be given to the
setting up a proper and efficient physical topology and
infrastructure for the TELE-COMMUNICATION
SERVICES in the hilly areas.
B.(i)In[2],Dey etal, presented an E-Governance
framework for Higher Education colleges, Institutions
and Universities using the GRID approach, a digital
Perspective for Bangladesh. The author proposed four
types of grid components. Firstly, the Grid Fabric
which consists of globally distributed computers and
databases with different architectures, OS and local
resource management Systems. Secondly, Core Grid
Middleware which provides services for security,
information and application submissions. Thirdly, the
User level Middleware which comprises of
developing environments and tools for forming
engines, Resource Broker, Scheduler. Lastly, the
fourth Grid is the Application used for User Interfaces.
The author also used some of the popular
E-Governance implementations of India such as
GYANDOOT: Community Owned Kiosks, State
Border Check posts, Gujarat, etc.
B.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION: Though the author
has proposed a GRID Model for the Bangladesh
Government, but before implementing this GRID
Model the Bangladesh Government firstly needs to
resolve the major challenges like a) ensuring a very
high speed network for the country b)amending the
ICT technologies and tools, etc
C.(i)In[3],Liu etal, proposed a SHEL model for the
Chinese Government which is a concept of a good
governance. The authors SHEL model comprises of
-S(Software),H(Hardware), E(Environment) and
L(Livewire).The SHEL,S(Software) demands for a
690 2016 6th International Conference - Cloud System and Big Data Engineering (Confluence)
real and efficient channels for the software tools to be
implemented which ensures the right of public
responses on the software queries timely. H(hardware)
relies for a real network topology for the software
implementations. E(Environment) comprises of
creation of an healthy environment for the
development by the government. Lastly, the
L(Livewire) one of the important aspect of this model
which deals with sharing and interchanging the
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C.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION: After observing each
component of the SHEL model ,it needs an active
e-participation of the Chinese citizens for the
successful implementation of the SHEL Model. For
this, the Chinese government needs to launch more
transparent public portals and schemes for the active
E-participation for providing an open communication
space.
D.(i)In[4] Singh etal, discussed how Knowledge
Management can be a lifeline to boost up
e-governance. The author also proposed the
Knowledge Mining processes and Implementation i.e,
Knowledge Identification, Knowledge Identification
tools, Presentation of Knowledge Mining and lastly its
utilization. The author also presented a case study of
E-kiosk of Pune region, India which launched a new
system of e-kiosk in Pune Municipal Corporation,
which facilitated the easy collection of the local taxes
by the crowd.
D.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION:Although the author
presented the e-kiosk system, but after
implementation, its the role of the state government or
the central to have a proper and regular feedback from
the customers to ensure that no problem is occurred
while depositing taxes and if there is any problem it
might be sought out as quick as possible. Prior to the
launching of schemes the governments should ensure
the proper connectivity and infrastructures of the
networks.
E.(i)In[5], Yingfa etal. presented a PEST Model to
analyze the Risks which occurs in E-Governance. The
Pest comprises of
P(Political),E(Economic),S(Social),T(Technological)
. the author discussed various risks under PEST model
as the political issues, lack of resources and capital,
lack of E participation and various technical issues
like information privacy and security. The author also
proposed the measurement of risks according to PEST
model to analyze Risk, proper attention must be paid
on each component of PEST Model.
E.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION: To reduce the risks
occurred in e governance ,risks must be analyzed
properly. It must not be underestimated. Expert teams
and Management teams must be formed to tackle the
problems involved in each component.
F.(i)In[6],Rao etal, suggested a technical software
architecture for e governance. The author designed the
e governance structure basically into four parts
namely: a) the Accessing Layer b) the E government
Layer c)the E Business Layer d)the Infrastructure
Layer. The Access layer comprised of the government
users like citizens, employees, etc. The E -
Government comprises of various portals and
integration of government websites. The E-Business
Layer comprises of applications like ERP,CRM,
Groupware, etc. The Infrastructure Layer comprises of
Services, LANs Internet and Extranet.
F.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION: The author discussed
various segments of e governance layers, but this
architecture would come into real implication if there
is e participation among the users. More awareness
must be created using media so that citizens must be
aware by the benefits of this architecture.
G.(i)In[7],Gupta etal, proposed a case study of World
Economic Forum of year 2007,2008 which discloses
the stand of India out of 134 nations of the world.
India ranks 23rd in govt. success in ICT promotion.
India ranks 49th in availability of govt. services
online. India ranks 47th in e participation Index, India
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.Author also discussed the steps taken by the Indian
Govt. to boost e governance like
GYANDOOT,CARD(Registration Project),Vahan
and Sarathi(Vehicle Registration).
G.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION: But, the govt has to
take more initiative steps to encourage the
e-participation to involve each group and community
of the society to come up together with new views and
opinions so that India tops the rank in terms of usage
of ICT applications.
H.(i)In[8],Rajon etal, presented how the
implementation of e governance can be useful to form
a corruption free Bangladesh. The author showed the
current infrastructure of Bangladesh ,which shows
that implementing e governance is not an easy step.
Various steps have been proposed by the author for
eradicating corruption like a) e-governance in central
government process b)e-governance in public
administration c)e-governance in education sector d)
e-governance in judiciary e) e-governance in economy
f) e- governance in agriculture .
H.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION: After reviewing this
paper, after implementing e governance techniques in
2016 6th International Conference - Cloud System and Big Data Engineering (Confluence)
each sector, a transparent inspection team should be
set up to check the smooth going on of e-governance
in each sector.
I.(i)In[9],shaik etal, presented a Faculty Appraisal
System ,using e-governance in education. Due to
communication gap between the faculty and the
management systems, it is very difficult for the
smooth going on of this system. Therefore, the author
proposed an unbiased and a transparent Faculty
Appraisal System development. The author proposed
different methods for its working like a) steps needed
to develop Faculty Appraisal System b)electronic
governance c)synchronization of steps (a) and (b) for
effective e governance. These steps include teaching
learning support development and community
partnerships.
I.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION: The author has
rightly proposed an efficient system. But for this
system to be successful universities and colleges have
to recruit its faculty in an unbiased manner and proper
management teams must be formed to inspect and
coordinate each module within the institutions.
J.(i)In[10],Roy etal, discussed how extreme
programming can effectively be used in various
disciplines of software engineering like Software
-Oriented Architecture. The author also suggested
how extreme Programming and practices like
MIS[Management Information System ] can gather a
huge number of information in various fields like
education, health, birth, marriage and death
registrations. Author also shared views on how
extreme planning can be helpful in :Game planning,
Small releases, simple designs, testing, refactoring,
pair programming, collective code ownership, etc.
J.(ii)FUTURE IMPLICATION: After deeply going
into authors presentation, author exemplified how
eXtreme Programming can be helpful in Income Tax
department. This extreme Programming and SOA
Architectures can also be implemented in the govt and
public sector departments like health, education,
transportation, agriculture and many more.
III. CONCLUSION
This paper analyses how ICT can be helpful in
Uttarakhand, India using E health Services. Effective
use of ICT can become a prominent support system to
increase the patients satisfactory level. This paper
proposed many efficient techniques to support the
Public Health Care System. Today, many institutions
and organizations in US and Europe are applying
various Grids in academia and human resource such as
Tera Grid ,Blue Waters, etc. Its the need of
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administrations development for the emergence and
effective use of e-governance. Using e-kiosk 73%
people of Pune Region are satisfied but still 27% of
people are unaware of this scheme. This amount must
not be neglected and steps must be taken to sought out
this problem. extreme Programming must be used to
develop Service Oriented Architecture. Though this
is not an easy task, as nothing is impossible, but even
IMOSSIBLE says I M POSSIBLE. So, we should start
with a positive attitude to build up a corruption free
government using E-Governance techniques and
tools.

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Advances in Information Technology,
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[3] /LX/LX/,$2;,$2µ¶On SHEL Model Analysis and

Constitution,¶¶ Cross Strait Quad ±Regional Radio Science
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[4] Singh Archana ,D P Goel, µ¶Knowledge Management &