Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction - Digital - Comm CCE
Introduction - Digital - Comm CCE
Introduction
Solution
The answer depends on the accuracy desired.
The minimum bandwidth is B = bit rate/2, or 500 kHz.
A better result can be achieved by using the first and the third
harmonics with the required bandwidth B = 3 X 500 kHz = 1.5
MHz.
A still better result can be achieved by using the first, third, and
fifth harmonics with B = 5 X 500 kHz = 2.5 MHz.
Transmission of Digital Signals
Baseband Transmission
Example 2
We have a low-pass channel with bandwidth 100 kHz. What is the
maximum bit rate of this channel?
Solution
The maximum bit rate can be achieved if we use the first
harmonic. The bit rate is 2 times the available bandwidth, or 200
kbps.
Transmission of Digital Signals
Broadband Transmission (Using Modulation)
Broadband transmission or modulation means changing the digital
signal to an analog signal for transmission.
Analog-to-Digital Converter
The transmitting subsystem can accept digital signals directly. It
can also work with analog signals if they are converted to digital
form in the A/D converter.
Source Encoder
The general purpose of the source encoder is to convert effectively
each discrete symbol (level) into suitable digital representation,
often binary.
Digital System
Source Encoder
Most practical message sources have redundancy, a principal
purpose of the source encoder is to reduce the redundancy in the
original information depending on the required fidelity.
Channel Encoder
The channel encoder reduces the effects of the errors that may
arise from channel imperfections during the transmission of the
signal through the channel.
for applications that are delay insensitive, the channel code may be
optimized for error detection, followed by a request for
retransmission.
Digital System
Channel Encoder
For real-time applications for which retransmissions are not
possible, the channel code may be optimized for error correction.
Modulator
The modulator translates the discrete symbols output by the
channel encoder into an analog waveform and shifts them to a
higher frequency band for better radiation performance.
Channel
Channel is the physical medium that is used to send the signal
from the transmitter to the receiver.