DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL RUBY PARK

KOLKATA
Mathematics
Class VI
Fractions and Decimals
A fraction is a number representing a part of a whole. The whole may be a single object or a
group of objects. It is defined as:
𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝑎
Fraction = =
𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝑏

Where the denominator represents the number of equal parts the whole is divided into and the
numerator tells us how many of those parts are we dealing with.
A fraction can be represented on a number line by a point.
Proper Fraction: A fraction whose numerator is always less than the denominator is called a
2 5
proper fraction. Example: , are proper fraction. It is always less than 1.
9 8

Improper Fraction: A fraction whose numerator is always greater than the denominator is
5 7
called an improper fraction. Example: , are improper fraction. It is always more than 1.
2 4

Mixed Fraction: A fraction which is a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction
1
(or part) is called a mixed fraction. Example: 14 is a mixed fraction. Here, 1 is a whole
1
number and is a proper fraction.
4

Unit Fraction: A fraction having numerator equal to 1 is called a unit fraction.

1 1 1
Example: 4 , , 9 , etc.
6

Like Fractions: Fractions which have same denominators are called like fractions.
2 5 3
Example: 7 , and 7 are like fractions.
7

Unlike Fractions: Fractions with different denominators are called unlike fractions.
2 4 5
Example: 3 , and are unlike fractions.
7 9

Equivalent fractions: Two or more fractions representing the same part of a whole are called
equivalent fractions. To get a fraction equivalent to a given fraction, we multiply or divide the
 3 6 9
numerator and the denominator by the same nonzero number. Example: 4 = 8 = 12 are
equivalent fractions.
Simplest form of a fraction: A fraction is said to be in the simplest form if the HCF of its
numerator and denominator is 1.
Conversion of an improper fraction into a mixed fraction: To express an improper
fraction as a mixed fraction, firstly divide the numerator by denominator to obtain the
quotient and the remainder.
Then
𝐑𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫
Mixed fraction = Quotient 𝐃𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐫
Conversion of mixed fraction into an improper fraction: Multiply the whole number with
denominator of the fraction and to this product add the numerator of the fraction. This gives
the numerator of the required improper fraction. Its denominator is the same as the
denominator of the fractional part of mixed fraction.
(𝐖𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭)×𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫+𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫
Improper fraction = 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫

Conversion of unlike fractions into like fraction: Unlike fractions are converted into like
fractions by converting each of them into equivalent fractions having denominator equal to
the LCM of all the denominators of the unlike fractions
Comparison of fractions:
Comparison of Like Fractions: If two fractions have same denominator, then the fraction
with the higher numerator is greater.
Comparison of Unlike Fractions: When we compare two unlike fractions, we find their
equivalent fractions with a denominator which is a common multiple of the denominators of
both the fractions.
Reciprocal of a fraction: When the product of two fractions is 1, then each is called the
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
reciprocal of the other, i.e., the reciprocal of is , since 𝑏 × 𝑎 = 1.
𝑏 𝑎

The fraction in which the denominators are 10, 100, 1000, etc. are known as decimal
fractions.
The numbers expressed in decimal form are called decimal numbers or simply decimals.
A decimal number has two parts – (i) the number to the left of the decimal point is called
whole number part. (ii) the number to the right of decimal point is called decimal part.
These parts are separated by a dot (.), called decimal point.
Example: In 4.835 → 4 is a whole number part and 0.835 is a decimal part.
 The decimal point tells us where the whole number ends and the fractional part begins.
The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal number gives the number
of decimal places.
1
A digit in any particular column has (one-tenth)10 the value which it would have in the

column next to the left.

Decimal Fractions with 10 as denominator are called tenths.
Decimal Fraction with 100 as denominator are called hundredths.
Decimal Fractions with 1000 as denominator are called thousandths.
Like Decimals: Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like
decimals. Example: 4.876, 2.864, 5.198 are like decimal, each having three decimal places.
Unlike Decimals: Decimals having different number of decimal places are called unlike
decimals.
Example: 6.243, 6.54, 2.9 are unlike decimals.
We can convert unlike decimals into like decimals by suffixing the required number of
zeros.
Example: 6.87 and 6.8 can be converted into 6.87 and 6.80, since 6.8 = 6.80
Comparing Decimals
To compare decimals we need to follow the following steps:
Step – 1: Convert the given decimals into like decimals.
Step – 2: First compare the whole number part. The decimal with the greater whole number
part is greater.
Step – 3: If the whole number parts are equal, compare the tenths digits. The decimal with
the bigger digit in the tenths place is greater.
Step – 4: If the tenths digits are also equal, compare the hundredths digits, and so on.
Conversion from Fractions to Decimals: In case the denominator of the fraction is 10 or a
power of 10 , it is easy to write them as fractions as shown below:
7 15 34
= 0.7 ; = 0.15 ; = 0.034
10 100 1000

Some fractions do not have 10 or powers of 10 as denominator, but can be transformed into
equivalent fractions with 10 , 100 or 1000 in their denominators.
2 2𝑋2 4
Example: 5 = 5 𝑋 2 = 10 = 0.4
7 7 𝑋 25 175
= 4 𝑋 25 = 100 = 1.75
4

Thus, the numbers 0.4, 1.75, 2.625 are also called terminating decimals as each of these
have a finite number of decimal places.
 Conversion from Decimals to Fractions: To convert a decimal into a fraction:
* Write the decimal number, without the decimal point, as the numerator of the fraction.
* Write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal
number, as the denominator of the fraction.
* Reduce the fraction, so obtained, to its lowest terms.
74 37 2
Example: 7.4 = 10 = = 75
5

Worked out examples

Example 1. Which of the following fractions is the smallest?
11 11 11 11
(A) (B) (C) 10 (D)
9 7 6

Solution: Answer is (C)

Example 2: 0.7625 lies between
(A)0.7 and 0.76 (B) 0.77 and 0.78 (C) 0.76 and 0.761 (D) 0.76 and 0.763
Solution: Answer is (D)
Example 3: Fill in the blanks so that the statement is true:
Decimal 8.125 is equal to the fraction ________.
65 1 8125
Solution: or 88 (because 8.125 = 1000 )
8

Example 4: Fill in the blanks so that the statement is true: 6.45 – 3.78 = _________.
Solution: 2.67
2
Example 5: State true or false: The fraction 145 is equal to 14.2.
2
Solution: False [Hint: 1410 = 14.2]
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Example 6: Fill in the blanks using > or < : □ 89
45
8 8×89 712 16 16×45 720 8 16
Solution: 45 = = ; = = ; so, 45 < 89
45×89 4005 89 89×45 4005
8 16
Another method: 8 × 89 = 712 and 16 × 45 =720 As 712 < 720, therefore < 89
45
12
Example 7: Express 25 as a decimal.
12 12×4 48
Solution: = = 100 = 0.48
25 25×4

Example 8: Convert 5809g to kg.

Solution: Since 1000g = 1kg, therefore, 5809g = 5809 ÷ 1000 kg = 5.809kg.
Example 9: Round off 87.952 to tenths place.
 Solution: For rounding off to tenths place, we look at the hundredths place. Here the digit is
5. So, the digit at the tenths place (9) will be increased by 1 (i.e., it will become 9 + 1)
Hence, rounding off 87.952 to tenths place, we get 88.0 (Note: Do not write it as 88.)
35 5
Example 10: Add the fractions and
8 16
35 5 70+5 75 11
Solution: + = = = 4 16
8 16 16 16

Example 11: What should be added to 37.28 to obtain 46.8?

Solution: Here, we want to fill in the box in 37.28 + □ = 46.8. For this, We will have to find
46.8 – 37.28. We perform this operation as follows by writing the two numbers having
equal number of decimal places: (Since 46.8 = 46.80) Hence, the required number to be
added to 37.28 is 9.52.
Example 12: Arrange the following in ascending order. 2.2, 2.023, 2.0226, 22.1, 20.42
Solution: We have to arrange them from the smallest to the greatest number.
We arrange them as follows (using the idea of place value and comparing their digits at
different places); 2.0226, 2.023, 2.2, 20.42, 22.1
Using the < sign, these numbers should be written as 2.0226 < 2.023 < 2.2 < 20.42 < 22.1
Example 13: Rama purchased 2kg 280g apples, 3kg 375g bananas, 225g grapes and 5kg
385g oranges. Find the total weight of the fruits purchased by Rama in kg.
Solution: Weight of apples = 2kg 280g = 2280g (Since 1kg = 1000g)
Weight of bananas = 3kg 375g = 3375g
Weight of grapes = 225g
Weight of oranges = 5kg 385g = 5385g
∴Total weight = 2280g + 3375g + 225g + 5385g = 11265g
Thus, total weight = 11265g = 11265 ÷1000 kg = 11.265kg i.e. 11kg 265g
Try These:
1)In the following fractions, indicate which is the numerator and which is the denominator:
21 20
(i) 43 (ii) 13

2) What fraction of a day is 8 hours?

3) How many natural numbers are there from 2 to 12? What fraction of them are prime
numbers?

4) Fill up the boxes to make equivalent fractions:

1 □ 45 3
(i) 3 = 21 (ii) 60 = □
5) Express the following fractions in their simplest form:
15 81 14 18
(i) 20 (ii) 90 (iii) 63 (iv) 36

6) Writ the following improper fractions as mixed fractions:

15 21 54 65
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
4 5 7 9

7) Write the following mixed fractions as improper fractions:

4 2 3 1
(i) 5 5 (ii) 9 9 (iii) 47 (iv) 32

8) Arrange the following fractions into ascending order:

3 5 9 7 15 5 2 1 5 5 5 5
(i) 4 , , (ii) 8 , , (iii) 3 , , (iv) 7 , ,
12 16 16 6 9 12 12 9

9) Arrange the following fractions into descending order:

2 5 5 7 11 37 3 3 3 3 1 2
(i) 3 , , (ii) 12 , , (iii) 7 , , (iv) 5 , ,
6 8 36 72 5 11 25 10

10) Find the reciprocal of each of the following fractions:

1 5 1
(i) 3 (ii) 2 4 (iii) 9 (iv) 14

11) Add the following:

8 3 4 5
(i) 15 + (ii) 1 9 + 3 12
15

12) Subtract the following:

2 2 4
(i) 1 − (ii) 3 7 − 1 7
3

13) Evaluate: .
3 8 2
(i) × (ii) 7 × 1
5 9 3

14) Solve:
8 1 1
(i) 21 ÷4 (ii) 5 3 ÷ 1 9

15) Simplif1y:
2 1 1 1 7
(i) 3 9 + 2 3 − 2 6 (ii) 3 − 1 6 − 15

1 1
16) Riya saves of her salary. She spends of the remaining and gives the left amount to
3 2
 charity. Find the fraction she gives for charity.

17) Write all the proper fractions in their lowest term whose sum of numerator &

denominator is 12.
5 3
18) A man gave of his money to his son. of the remaining to his daughter and the
12 7

remaining to his wife. If his wife gets ₹ 8700, what was the total amount?

3 3 1 1 5
19) Simplify: (i) [ 8 + of { 10 + ( 3 − 4 )}] ÷
11 8

20) Write each of the following in figures:

(i) Nineteen point six three. (ii) Seven tenths.

21) Convert each of the following sets of unlike decimals into like decimals:

(i) 0.6 , 0.06 , 0.006 (ii) 0.6 , 2.7 , 6.85 , 4.765

22) Arrange the following decimals into ascending order:

(i) 27.35 , 27.305 , 2.7 , 2.543

(ii) 4.53, 4.07, 29.1, 0.9, 0.709

23) Arrange the following decimals into descending order:

(i) 3.303, 33.03, 3.3, 30.33

(ii) 72.5, 2.75, 27.505, 0.275, 2.507

24) Write each of the following in terms of decimals:

7 2 3
(i) 7 + 10 (ii) 18 + 10 + 100

25) Convert each of the following into fractions in lowest term:

(i) 0.04 (ii) 0.225

26) Using decimals, express:

(i) 35m in km (ii) 32paise in rupees

(iii) 5km 87m in km (iv) 63rupees 9paise in rupees

27) Add the following:

(i) 9.002, 90.02, 0.902 and 900.2 (ii) 21.5, 2.15, 2.015 and 0.215
 (iii) 1.7, 2.15, 12.7 and 23.87 (iv) 0.87, 8.07, 8.7 and 0.807

28) Subtract the following:

(i) 45.98 from 87.23 (ii) 1.66 from 10.005

(iii) 58.9 from 100.7 (iv) 48.1 from 72.23

29) Simplify:

(i) 43.5 – 17.27 + 246.3 (ii) 79.812 + 27.9 – 104.434

(iii) 45.03 + 62.5 – 26.86 (iv) 34.06 – 12.95 + 10.8

30) Multiply:

(i) 3.45 by 10, 100, 1000 (ii) 0.234 by 10, 100, 1000

31) Divide:

(i) 4.7 by 10, 100, 1000 (ii)2.93 by 10, 100, 1000

32) Find the product of:

(i) 3.7 × 4.5 (ii) 238.06 × 7.5

33) Find the quotient:

(i) 70.756 ÷ 4 (ii) 72.8 ÷ 0.04

Answers

1 5 3 9 2 1
(1)(i) N-21,D-43 (ii) N-20,D-13 (2) 3 (3) 11 , 11 (4)(i) 7 (ii)4 (5)(i) 4 (ii) 10 (iii) 9 (iv) 2

3 1 5 2 29 83 31 7
(6) (i) 34 (ii) 45 (iii) 77 (iv) 79 (7)(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 2
5 9 7

5 9 3 5 7 15 1 5 2 5 5 5
(8)(i) < < (ii) < < (iii) < < (iv) < <
12 16 4 6 8 16 9 12 3 12 9 7

5 2 5 7 37 11 3 3 3 3 2 1
(9) (i) 6 > 3 > 8 (ii) 12 > 72 > 36 (iii) 5 > 7 > 11 (iv) 5 > 10 > 25

1 4 9 4 11 31 1 5 8 2
(10)(i) 3 (ii) 9 (iii) 5 (iv) 5 (11)(i) 15 (ii) 436 (12)(i) 3 (ii) 17 (13)(i) 15 (ii) 113
2 4 7 11 1 1 5
(14)(i) 21 (ii) 45 (15)(i) 318(ii) 130 (16) 3 (17) 11 , 7 (18) ₹26100 (19) 5

(20) (i) 19.63 (ii) 0.7 (21) (i) 0.600, 0.060, 0.006 (ii) 0.600, 2.700, 6.850, 4.765

(22) (i) 2.543< 2.7< 27.305< 27.35 (ii) 0.709< 0.9< 4.07< 4.53< 29.1
(23) (i) 33.03> 30.33> 3.303> 3.3 (ii) 72.5> 27.505> 2.75> 2.507> 0.275
1 9
(24)(i) 7.7 (ii) 18.23 (25)(i) 25 (ii) 40

(26) (i) 0.035 km (ii) ₹0.32 (iii) 5.087 km (iv) ₹63.09

(27) (i) 1000.124 (ii) 25.88 (iii) 40.42 (iv) 18.447

(28) (i) 41.25 (ii) 8.345 (iii) 41.8 (iv) 24.13

(29) (i) 272.53 (ii) 3.278 (iii) 80.67 (iv) 31.91

(30) (i) 34.5; 345; 3450 (ii)2.34; 23.4; 234

(31) (i) 0.47; 0.047; 0.0047 (ii) 0.293; 0.0293; 0.00293

(32) (i) 16.65 (ii) 1785.45 (33) (i) 17.689 (ii) 1820