Giao Trinh Xay Dung Nen Tang Toeic, Vnu, Ielts, Giao Tiep

GIÁO TRÌNH
FOUNDATION - TOEIC 550

(Nền tảng VNU, TOEIC, IELTS, Giao tiếp)
Tài liệu lưu hành nội bộ
ACE THE FUTURE ENGLISH

Fanpage: ACE THE FUTURE English
Website: www.ace.edu.vn
Hotline: 0908.216.102
CS1: Tầng 1 nhà Công Vụ ĐHQG, Thủ Đức
CS2: Tầng 3, tòa Duy Tân Plaza, 171 Cao Thắng, Quận 10
ACE THE FUTURE ENGLISH – Foundation, TOEIC, IELTS, Tiếng Anh Giao tiếp
MỤC LỤC
I. CẤU TRÚC VÀ CÁC THÀNH PHẦN CÂU .................................................................................... 4
1. HAI TRƯỜNG HỢP CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ............................................................................................. 5
2. TRONG CẤU TRÚC S+V (ĐỘNG TỪ TOBE), .............................................................................. 5
SAU TOBE SẼ CÓ HAI TÌNH HUỐNG. ............................................................................................. 5
3. CÁC THÀNH PHẦN CỦA CÂU ....................................................................................................... 7
4. MỘT SỐ TRẬT TỰ CỤ THỂ CÁC THÀNH PHẦN CÂU ...................................................... 11
5. MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CÂU ......................................................................................................... 13
6. BÀI TẬP THÀNH PHẦN CÂU ................................................................................................... 14
Reading 1: The Elephant Rope ............................................................................................................ 18
II. PRONOUN – ĐẠI TỪ .................................................................................................................. 19
III. DANH TỪ ...................................................................................................................................... 22
IV. ĐỘNG TỪ - VERBS ..................................................................................................................... 28
V. TÍNH TỪ (ADJECTIVES)............................................................................................................... 32
VI. ADVERB – TRẠNG TỪ .............................................................................................................. 34
LET’S SPEAK 1: ...................................................................................................................................... 41
INTRODUCE YOURSELF ........................................................................................................................ 41
Reading 2: A Very Special Bank Account .......................................................................................... 42
VII. SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT ...................................................................................... 43
1. ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ ÍT ............................................................................................................... 43
2. Khoảng thời gian, khoảng cách, số tiền, sự đo lường (QUAN TRỌNG) ................................. 45
3. ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ NHIỀU ...................................................................................................... 47
BÀI TẬP TƯƠNG HỢP CHỦ NGỮ ĐỘNG TỪ ............................................................................... 48
VIII. TENSES ..................................................................................................................................... 54
Reading 3: Dreams can’t be too big ................................................................................................. 59
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP VỀ CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH .......................................................... 62
LET’S SPEAK 2: ...................................................................................................................................... 75
TALK ABOUT YOUR FAMILY............................................................................................................... 75
IX. MAKING QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................... 76
BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................ 79
Reading 4: The Right Place .................................................................................................................. 84
X. PURPOSE .......................................................................................................................................... 85
XI. PASSIVE VOICE.......................................................................................................................... 94
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FOUNDATION – Nền tảng TOEIC, IELTS, tiếng Anh Giao tiếp
LET’S SPEAK 3: .................................................................................................................................... 106

TALK ABOUT YOUR HOME TOWN ................................................................................................... 106
Reading 6: 10 Success-Boosting Motivation Tips From Millionaire Entrepreneurs .................... 107
XII. IF CLAUSES ............................................................................................................................... 110
(CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) ................................................................................................................................. 110
XIII. RELATIVE CLAUSES .......................................................................................................... 117
1. ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ ..................................................................................................................... 117
2. TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ .............................................................................................................. 120
3. RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ............................................................................................. 123
BÀI TẬP MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ ....................................................................................................... 125
Reading 7: The Obstacle in our Path ................................................................................................ 136
XIV. MẠO TỪ (ARTICLES) .......................................................................................................... 137
1. Indefinite — a, an ........................................................................................................................ 137
2. Definite — the .............................................................................................................................. 138
READING 8 «Charlie the Brave» ..................................................................................................... 139
LET’S SPEAK 4: .................................................................................................................................... 140
TOPIC FRIENDS ..................................................................................................................................... 140
XV. INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS................................................................................................ 141
Verb + gerund ..................................................................................................................................... 141
Verb + Preposition + gerund .............................................................................................................. 142
ADJECTIVE _+ PREPOSTION + GERUND .................................................................................. 143
2. INFINITIVES .............................................................................................................................. 144
BÀI TẬP NGUYÊN MẪU VÀ V-ING .............................................................................................. 147
XVI. CONJUNCTION (LIÊN TỪ)................................................................................................. 153
Reading 9: «Joined up writing» ......................................................................................................... 153
BÀI TẬP LIÊN TỪ ............................................................................................................................. 156
XVII. COMPARISON ............................................................................................................................ 159
BÀI TẬP SO SÁNH ............................................................................................................................ 162
LET’S SPEAK 5: .................................................................................................................................... 175
FUTURE JOBS - INTERVIEW ............................................................................................................... 175
Reading 10: On God’s Time ............................................................................................................... 176
BÀI TẬP GIỚI TỪ ................................................................................................................................. 177
PART 1: SHORT READINGS .............................................................................................................. 192
PART 2: ARTICLES .............................................................................................................................. 193
Left side of brain has better understanding of linguistics: Study .......................................................... 193
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Não trái thiên về ngôn ngữ học hơn .................................................................................................. 194

Vietnamese fulfill their dream of working for Facebook ...................................................................... 196
Người Việt thực hiện giấc mơ làm việc cho Facebook ..................................................................... 197
Facebook account can be wiped out with just $100 in VN .............................................................. 200
Tại Việt Nam, chỉ với 100 đô la Mỹ đã có thể xóa sổ tài khoản Facebook ..................................... 201
Too Much Emotional Intelligence Is a Bad Thing ........................................................................... 203
Có quá nhiều trí tuệ xúc cảm là điều không hay .............................................................................. 204
Vietnam universities’ subjects among world’s best ......................................................................... 210
VN records trade deficit of $84m in two months ............................................................................. 211
PART 3: SONGS ..................................................................................................................................... 213
Oah ........................................................................................................................................................ 213
Only Love ............................................................................................................................................. 214
Just the Way You Are ........................................................................................................................... 215
Heal the World ...................................................................................................................................... 217
Take Me to Your Heart ......................................................................................................................... 218
One Call Away ...................................................................................................................................... 219
The Lazy Song ...................................................................................................................................... 220
Reality ................................................................................................................................................... 221
What Are Words ................................................................................................................................... 222
Cry on My Shoulder.............................................................................................................................. 223
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I. CẤU TRÚC VÀ CÁC

THÀNH PHẦN CÂU
S, V, O, C, M, A, CONJ
S = SUBJECT: Là chủ từ trong câu trả lời cho câu hỏi là “ai” hay “cái gì” thực hiện
hành động trong câu.
V = VERB: Là động từ trong câu là hành động hay trạng thái của Subject
O = OBJECT: Là tân ngữ trong câu là cái mà hành động hướng đến trong câu, có
Object trực tiếp (direct object) và Object gián tiếp (indirect object). (Sẽ được phân tích kỹ
ở phần sau)
C = COMPLIMENT: Là bổ ngữ trong câu làm trọn vẹn ý nghĩa của verb và thêm
thông tin cho Subject (SC – subject compliment) hay Object (OC – object compliment)
trong câu.
A = ADJUNCT: Là trạng từ/hoặc trạng ngữ là một từ hay cụm từ bổ nghĩa cho danh
từ, động từ, tính từ hay cả câu. Nó không phải thành phần bắt buộc nhưng nó cung cấp
thêm thông tin cho câu
M – MODIFIER: Là bổ nghĩa MIÊU TẢ HOẶC GIỚI HẠN NGHĨA chủ ngữ, động từ,
tân ngữ, bổ ngữ hoặc bổ nghĩa khác.
CONJUNCTION: Là liên từ (từ nối) để nối các thành phần hoặc nhiều mệnh đề trong
câu.
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1. HAI TRƯỜNG HỢP CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ

CẤU TRÚC MỘT CÂU
S+V (ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG) S+V(ĐỘNG TỪ TOBE)
I go to school. She is beautiful.
He likes milk tea. She is a beautiful girl
I work for an international company in the Mr. Linh is very nice/kind.

auditing field. Mr. Linh is a very nice/kind person.
She loves learning English. Ms. Bich is gentle.
He plays guitar very well. Ms. Bich is a gentle girl.
It takes quite a long time to master The students of ACE THE FUTURE are
writing skills. diligent (siêng năng).
They lived here two years ago. The students of ACE THE FUTURE are
We had a lot of fun in Frank’s 26th diligent ones.
birthday party. I am passionate about teaching and
My family consists of 4 members, my sharing.
farther, my mother, my younger brother I am a passionate teacher.
and me.
2. TRONG CẤU TRÚC S+V (ĐỘNG TỪ TOBE),

SAU TOBE SẼ CÓ HAI TÌNH HUỐNG.
S+V(ĐỘNG TỪ TOBE)
S+ TOBE + ADJ S+TOBE + N/Nphrase S+V +
ADV/ADVphrase
I am good at engineering. I am a good engineer. The pen is on the table
She is beautiful. She is a beautiful He is at home
He is good at singing. girl/woman. The boy is over there
Trang is excellent in He is a good singer. The students are in the
auditing. Trang is an excellent classroom.
I was good in math when I auditor.
studied in high-shool. I was a good math student
PwC is very competitive. when I studied in high-
school.
Pwc is a very competitive
company.
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TỔNG HỢP:
TYPE 1: S+V (THƯỜNG) Liên quan đến hành động.
Làm / có cái gì.
1. He has a great mind in math.
2. He usually reads 30 minutes before going to sleep.
3. He thinks about the English homework.
4. I guess blockchain technology can be applied widely in the near future.
5. Auditors make good money.
6. I went to National University of Civil Engineering (NUCE).
7. She loves children.
8. Many students want to get band 6.5 in the IELTS.
TYPE 2.1: S + V (TOBE) + ADJ Liên quan đến tính chất của sự vật, hiện
tượng.
Thì/là + tính chất.
1. He is kind.
2. Her voice is beautifully high.
3. They are poor.
4. We are good at making excuses.
5. I am strict with my students.
6. My mother is caring
7. This guy is sensitive.
8. English is not popular in Japan.
TYPE 2.2: S + V (TOBE) + N /N Là một hiện tượng/sự vật.
PHRASE
1. She is a truly excellent accountant.
2. He is a very smart businessman.
3. Frank is a good English speaker.
4. ACE is a friendly environment for both students and teachers.
5. Linh is a devoted instructor.
6. Bich is a kind-hearted girl.
7. Working in Japan is now a hot trend for Vietnamese youngsters.
8. Digital marketing is a good career choice.
TYPE 2.3: S + V (TOBE) + ADV Ở vị trí, địa điểm nào đó.
1. You are always in my heart.
2. My mind is on the night cloud.
3. She is at a very high position in her company.
4. He is at the prime of his career.
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3. CÁC THÀNH PHẦN CỦA CÂU

3.1 Subject (Chủ ngữ)
Chủ ngữ là từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ người, sự vật hoặc sự việc thực hiện hoặc chịu
trách nhiệm cho hành động của động từ trong câu và thường đứng trước các động từ.
Mỗi câu đều phải có chủ ngữ, tuy nhiên trong câu mệnh lệnh có thể lược bỏ và
được hiểu là “you”.
- Chủ ngữ là danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ
Roses are romantic.
Hoa hồng thì lãng mạn.
Frank likes travelling.
Frank thích du lịch.
My mother is a worker.
Mẹ của tôi là một công nhân.
The beautiful women over there is my wife.
Người phụ nữ xinh đẹp đằng kia là vợ của tôi.
- Chủ ngữ là đại từ
I regularly watch videos on Ted.com to get my mind updated.
Tôi thường xem những đoạn videos trên trang Ted.com để được cập nhật.
Somebody called while you were out.
Ai đó đã gọi khi em đang ở ngoài.
- Chủ ngữ là 1 động từ nguyên thể (to-Vo)
To regularly stay up late is not good for your health.
Thường xuyên thức khuya là không tốt cho sức khỏe của bạn.
To drive too fast is dangerous.
Lái xe quá nhanh là nguy hiểm.
- Chủ ngữ là một danh động từ (Gerund)
Being fully committed to what you do is an important key of success.
Cam kết hoàn toàn vào việc bạn làm là một chìa khóa quan trọng của thành công.
Practicing speaking everyday makes you a better English speaker.
Thực hành nói hàng giúp giúp bạn trở thành một người nói tiếng anh tốt hơn.
- Chủ ngữ giả: It’s, there’s, there’re
It’s hard to believe he achieved 8.5 in the IELTS test.
He achieved 8.5 in the IELTS is hard to believe.
There’s a very excellent student in our class.
A very excellent student is in our class.
There’re many career paths to choose for students who are good at English.
There’re many good career paths for ones whose English is good.
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3.2 Verbs (Động từ)

Diễn đạt hành động hoặc trạng thái của chủ ngữ trong câu, theo sau chủ ngữ.
- Động từ đơn (1 từ)
Frank speaks English fluently.
Frank nói Tiếng Anh trôi chảy.
Mr. Linh makes students laugh all the time.
Anh Linh làm học sinh cười suốt.
- Động từ là cụm từ
I am going to the market.
Tôi đang chuẩn bị đi chợ.
We have been learning English for over 12 years.
Chúng ta đã học Tiếng Anh hơn 12 năm rồi.
3.3 Objects (Tân ngữ)

Tân ngữ đi sau động từ, chịu sự tác động của của động từ xuất pháp từ chủ ngữ.
* Tân ngữ gián tiếp (indirect object) là tân ngữ chỉ đồ vật hoặc người mà hành
động xảy ra đối với (hoặc dành cho) đồ vật hoặc người đó.
Tân ngữ gián tiếp có thể đứng sau tân ngữ trực tiếp ngăn cách bởi một giới từ hoặc
cũng có thể đứng trước tân ngữ trực tiếp mà không có giới từ. Giới từ thường dùng ở
đây là for và to.
I gave Jim the book.
Jim là tân ngữ gián tiếp, the book là tân ngữ trực tiếp = I gave the book to Jim.
* Tân ngữ trực tiếp (direct object) là người hặc vật đầu tiên nhận tác động của
hành động.
Chú ý: Không phải bất cứ động từ nào trong tiếng Anh cũng đòi hỏi tân ngữ
đúng sau nó là một danh từ. Một số động từ yêu cầu tân ngữ đằng sau nó là một động
từ khác.
- Tân ngữ là danh từ, cụm danh từ
I love Sarah.
My mother bought a new motorbike.
- Tân ngữ là đại từ, tính từ sử dụng như danh từ
Can you help me?
We should help the poor.
- Tân ngữ là cụm từ, mệnh đề
I know how to learn English.
I will tell you what I need.
- Tân ngữ là Gerund/to V
He does not want to wake up early.
Introverts do not like talking too much.
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3.4 Complements (Bổ ngữ)

Chức năng: Hoàn thiện ngữ cảnh cho câu, thiếu thành phần này câu sẽ bị không
hoàn thiện.
Có 2 loại bổ ngữ: Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ (SC) và bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ (OC)
- SC = SUBJECT COMPLEMENT (BỔ NGHĨA CHO CHỦ NGỮ)
Ex: Frank looks friendly.
S V SC
Blue is my favourite colour.
S V SC
- OC = OBJECT COMPLEMENT (BỔ NGHĨA CHO TÂN NGỮ)
The name their son Frank. (Noun)
You make me nervous. (ADJ)
We found him playing in the park. (Present participate = phân từ hiện tại)
I had my bike repaired. (Past participate = phân từ quá khứ)
3.5 M – Modifier (Bổ nghĩa)

Chức năng: MIÊU TẢ HOẶC GIỚI HẠN NGHĨA chủ ngữ, động từ, tân ngữ,
bổ ngữ hoặc bổ nghĩa khác.
Bổ nghĩa (modifiers) có thể là 1 từ, cụm từ, mệnh đề.
Adverd (trạng từ) cũng là 1 trường hợp của Modifiers. (học phần word forms)
THƯỜNG trả lời cho các câu hỏi: what kind, which one, how many, whose, how,
when, where, how often, to what extent…
- Adjective Modifiers (modify N, Nphrase)
What kind?
cute baby
What kind of baby? A cute baby.
Which one?
that baby
Which baby? That baby.
How many?
three babies
How many babies? Three babies.
How much?
enough fruit
How much fruit? Enough fruit.
- Adverb Modifiers (Modify V, ADJ, ADV)

When?
arrive tomorrow
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Arrive when? Tomorrow.

Where?
dance everywhere
Dance where? Everywhere.
How often?
dance frequently
Dance how often? Frequently.
How much?
Answer completely / Answer how much? Completely.
- Participle modifier (Bổ nghĩa phân từ): dạng Ving và Ved (trong câu mệnh đề
rút gọn)
Ex:
- The boy riding up and down the street is tired.
- The cabinets stuffed to the brim needed to be organized
- Prepositional Phrases (cụm giới từ)
Where?
by the lake
When?
on time
Who?
with you
What?
besides the dog
- Cụm từ, mệnh đề:

The boy who was at the store bought cookies.
(trong câu mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định bổ sung thêm ý nghĩa cho câu)
- học trong câu mệnh đề quan hệ
3.6 Adjuncts (Trạng từ bổ sung)

Một dạng trạng từ, bổ sung thêm thông tin cho câu. Nhưng không giới hạn nghĩa
hay làm ảnh hưởng tới câu khi bỏ thành phần này đi.
I put my bag on the floor.
✗ I put my bag
[on the floor is an adverbial: the sentence isn't meaningful without it]
I dropped my bag next to my seat and sat down.

I dropped my bag and sat down.
[next to my seat is an adverbial adjunct; the sentence makes sense without it]
Resource: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/adverbials-and-adjuncts
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4. MỘT SỐ TRẬT TỰ CỤ THỂ CÁC THÀNH PHẦN CÂU

4.1 S + V
The students are learning. (Học sinh đang học)
S V
The children slept. (Bọn trẻ đã ngủ)
S V
4.2 S + V + A
I came home.
S V A
The cat is lying on the table.
S V A
Ms. Bich was running at the front yard of the VNU Guest House.
S V A
4.3 S + V + SC (subject compliment)

Mr. Frank looks handsome.
S V SC
Blue is my favorite/favourite color/colour.
S V SC
4.4 S + V + O
Frank can speak English.
S V O
I know his parents.
S V O
4.5 S + V + indirect object (IO) + direct object (DO)

I have just lent him some money. (Tôi vừa cho anh ta mượn một ít tiền)
S V IO DO
My mother bought me a new pair of shoes on my 26th birthday.
S V IO DO A (or modifier)
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4.6 S + V + direct object (DO) + Preposition + indirect object (IO)

I have just leant some money to him.
S V DO P IO
My mother bought a new pair of shoes for me on my 26th birthday.
S V DO P IO A
4.7 S + V + O + OC (object complement)

They named their son Frank.
S V O OC = noun
We found him playing in the park.
S V O OC A (OC = present participate phân từ hiện tại)
You make me nervous.
S V O OC = adjective
I had my hair cut.
S V O OC = past participate phân từ quá khứ
4.8 S + V + Pre + Prepositional object

Sarah sits next to me in class.
S V Pre O A
Bill is hiding under the table.
S V Pre O
 Tân ngữ của giới từ là 1 danh từ sau giới từ.
4.9 S + V + O +A
I took a taxi near my office.
S V O A
Can you turn the volume up?
S V O A
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5. MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CÂU
5.1 Câu đơn: Simple sentences

Nhận diện: Là câu có MỘT động từ được CHIA.
The students took the TOEIC test.
Học sinh đã làm bài thi TOEIC.
Mastering self-discipline is the first step to master any other skills.
Làm chủ sự tự kỷ luật là bước đầu tiên để làm chủ bất kỳ kỹ năng khác.
5.2 Câu hợp: Compound sentences

Nhận diện: Là câu gồm hai hoặc nhiều mệnh đề độc lập (independent) được
kết nối với nhau bằng các liên từ AND, BUT, FOR, NOR, OR, SO, YET,… hoặc bằng
một DẤU CHẤM PHẨY.
She is singing very beautifully and we all are listening to her.
Cô ấy đang hát thật đẹp và chúng tôi đang lắng nghe cô ấy.
I moved to Ho Chi Minh city in 2016; however, I stayed only 1 year and then returned
to Hanoi.
Tôi chuyển đến thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2016; tuy nhiên, tôi chỉ ở đó 1 năm sau đó
quay lại Hà Nội.
Lưu ý: Câu hợp có thể LƯỢC BỎ chủ ngữ và trợ động từ (nếu có) trong mệnh
đề thứ 2 nếu chúng giống mệnh đề thứ nhất.
She is standing over there and (she is) waiting for me.
Cô ấy đang đứng ở đằng kia và (cô ấy) đang đợi tôi.
Do you go to Da Lat this month or (you) wait until next month?

Bạn sẽ đi Đà Lạt vào tháng này hay là đợi qua tháng sau
5.3 Câu phức: Complex sentences

Nhận diện: Là câu gồm một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một hoặc nhiều
mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause) phụ thuộc (dependent)
Sẽ được học kỹ hơn ở phần mệnh đề quan hệ.
The girl ran away when the man came.
Sub-clause
Cô gái chạy đi khi người đàn ông đến.
The little boy whom you saw yesterday is my son.
Sub-clause
Cậu bé mà cậu nhìn thấy hôm qua là con trai tôi.
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5.4 Câu phức hợp: Composite sentences

Nhận diện: Là câu có hai hay nhiều mệnh đề chính và một hay nhiều mệnh đề
phụ.
As I told you, English is very important and you have to master English as soon as
possible.
(Như tôi đã nói với bạn, Tiếng Anh rất quan trọng và bạn phải làm chủ nó càng sớm
càng tốt)
Câu trên có một mệnh đề phụ là As I told you và hai mệnh đề chính là Engish is very
important và You have to master English as soon as possible.
When he was broke and his mom blamed him too much, he started a new business and
(he) made a lot of money.
(Khi anh ấy phá sản và mẹ anh ấy trách móc anh ấy quá nhiều, anh ấy đã bắt đầu một
mảng kinh doanh mới và kiếm được rất nhiều tiền.)
Câu trên có hai mệnh đề phụ là he was broke và his mom blamed him too much.
Và hai mệnh đề chính là he started a new business và he made a lot of money.
6. BÀI TẬP THÀNH PHẦN CÂU
BÀI 1: Circle the correct answers.

1. The wall collapsed
A. Subject -- Verb
B. Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
C. Subject -- Verb -- Indirect Object -- Direct Object
D. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
E. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- (Adjunct)
2. During the war, many people lost their homes
A. Subject -- Verb
3. I promised the children a trip to the zoo
A. Subject -- Verb
4. When he was 12, David moved to London
A. Subject -- Verb
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5. Paul hired a bicycle
A. Subject -- Verb
BÀI TẬP 2: Identify each of the underlined words or phrases as a subject (S), verb
(V), object (O), complement (C), modifier (M), or conjunction (Conj). (Consider
proper names as single elements, but consider all other words separately.)
1. Although the 1981 baseball strike lasted seven weeks, the 1985 baseball strike lasted
only three days.
2. Cadets at West Point are considered members of the regular Army.
3. Jason sent me an application for Duke University, in hopes that I too would apply for
admission.
4. In 1967, a fire aboard Apollo 1 killed Virgil Grissom, Edward White, and Roger
Chaffee.
5. General Washington commissioned seven ships to fight against the British Navy.
6. Universal Studios and 20th Century Fox produced the five motion pictures with the
highest revenues in one summer.
7. The Iliad and the Odyssey, composed by the Greek poet Homer, are mainstays of most
humanities curricula.
8. Thomas à Becket was the archbishop of Canterbury during the reign of Henry II.
9. In spite of recent declines in sales, General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler are still among
the fifteen largest corporations in the United States.
10. U. S. Grant was an effective general but an ineffectual president.
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BÀI TẬP 3: Exercise Identify the following sentences as simple, compound,

complex, or compound-complex.
1. Lightning is a discharge of electricity between two clouds or between a cloud and the
earth.
2. Because of deaths during the war with the Soviet Union and because of massive
emigration to Iran and Pakistan, Afghanistan’s population has shrunk by one-third in the
last decade.
3. According to some statistics, Northern Ireland has the highest unemployment rate in
Europe.
4. The original purpose of the Crusades was to take Christianity to the non-Christian
“infidels,” but the holy wars also served to enrich trade and the arts in Europe.
5. Although the 1986 Tax Reform Act is supposed to be revenue neutral, it provides too
many loopholes for selected businesses.
6. Mongolia is located in eastern Asia, between Siberia and China, and is slighter larger
than Alaska.
7. After his notorious raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, John Brown was captured and
hanged; in the years that followed, his name became a symbol of ineffectual militant
protest.
8. Although bona fide means “in good faith” in Latin, it is commonly used today to mean
“genuine.”
9. Because the costs of American materials and labor are high, sales of American-made
shoes have plummeted, and sales of imports from Brazil and South Korea have risen.
10.Most Americans assume that the U.S. Navy is our oldest maritime service, yet the
U.S. Coast Guard was established in 1790, eight years before the Navy.
BÀI TẬP 4:Understanding Sentence Elements: Review Exercises In the following

paragraph, label each of the underlined elements as a subject (S), verb (V), object
(O), complement (C), modifier (M), or conjunction (Conj.).
Our Sun is a sphere of superheated gas. Hydrogen atoms at its core fuse, creating the
atomic
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reactions that produce both light and energy. Scientists estimate that the temperature of
the
Sun’s core is twenty million degrees centigrade, while the surface temperature is
approximately six thousand degrees centigrade. The diameter of the Sun is roughly
850,000
miles. These figures suggest that our Sun is neither a hot nor a large star when compared
with others in our solar system.
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Reading 1: The Elephant Rope
As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact that these
huge creatures were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg. No chains, no
cages. It was obvious that the elephants could, at anytime, break away from their bonds
but for some reason, they did not.
He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and made no
attempt to get away. “Well,” trainer said, “when they are very young and much smaller
we use the same size rope to tie them and, at that age, it’s enough to hold them. As they
grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break away. They believe the rope
can still hold them, so they never try to break free.”
The man was amazed. These animals could at any time break free from their bonds but
because they believed they couldn’t, they were stuck right where they were.
Like the elephants, how many of us go through life hanging onto a belief that we cannot
do something, simply because we failed at it once before?
Failure is part of learning; we should never give up the struggle in life.
Questions:
What happened with the Elephent?
What did the man think about the Elephent?
What is the lesson of this story?
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II. PRONOUN – ĐẠI TỪ

Đại từ (pronouns) là từ dùng để thay thế cho danh từ (nouns)
1. CÁC LOẠI ĐẠI TỪ (TYPES OF PRONOUNS
1 Đại Từ Nhân Xưng (Personal Pronouns)

2 Đại Từ Sở Hữu (Possessive Pronouns)
3 Đại Từ Phản Thân/ Nhấn Mạnh (Reflexive And Emphatic Pronouns)
4 Đại Từ Chỉ Định (Demonstrative Pronouns)
5 Đại Từ Nghi Vấn (Interrogative Pronouns)
6 Đại Từ Quan Hệ (Relative Pronouns)
7 Đại Từ Phân Bổ (Distributive Pronouns)
8 Đại Từ Bất Định (Indefinite Pronouns)
9 Đại Từ Tương Hỗ (Reciprocal Pronouns)
2. BẢNG TỔNG HỢP ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG,

ĐẠI TỪ SỞ HỮU VÀ ĐẠI TỪ PHẢN THÂN/ NHẤN MẠNH
Personal Personal Possessive Reflexive pronouns Adjective

pronouns pronouns pronouns pronouns
(subjects) (objects)
I Me Mine Myself My
You You Yours Yourself (yourselves) Your
He Him His Himself His
She Her Hers Herself Her
It It NOT USED Itself Its
We Us Ours Ourselves Our
They Them Theirs Themselves Their
• Lưu ý đại từ nhấn mạnh (Emphatic pronouns)

- Hình thức giống REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
- Nhấn mạnh DANH TỪ hoặc ĐẠI TỪ
- Đứng ngay sau từ được nhấn mạnh
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Eg:
- I myself learned and achieved 8.0 in the IELTS.
(Bản thân tôi đã tự học và đạt 8.0 trong bài thi IELTS)
- My father himself repaired our house before Tet holiday.
(Bố tôi đã tự một mình sửa nhà trước Tết)
- The film itself was amazing and I like the soundtracks too.
(Bản thân bộ phim đã rất tuyệt vời và tôi thích nhạc nền nữa)
- I spoke to her mother herself.
(Tôi đã nói chuyện với chính cô ấy)
3. ĐẠI TỪ CHỈ ĐỊNH – DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Chỉ đối tượng ở gần Chỉ đối tượng ở xa

This These That Those
Cái ngày/ người này Những cái này/ Cái đó/ cái kia Những cái đó/
những người này Người đó/ người những cái kia/
kia Những người đó/
Những người kia
This/these, that/those có thể đứng một mình hoặc đi với ONE và ONES thể hiện so
sánh hoặc lựa chọn.
Eg:
These are my books. Those are yours.
(Những cuốn sách này của tôi. Những cuốn kia là của bạn)
This one is much more expensive than that one.
(Cái này đắt hơn cái đó rất nhiều)
4. ĐẠI TỪ NGHI VẤN – INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
WHO – WHOM – WHOSE - WHAT – WHICH

• Là đại từ để hỏi
• Thường đứng đầu câu – trước động từ
Eg:
- Who is the man?
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(Người đàn ông đó là ai?)

- Who keeps the keys?
(Ai giữ chìa khóa)
- Whom did Frank invite on his birthday? (dùng Who cũng ok)
(Frank đã mời Ai đến sinh nhật của anh ấy?)
- To whom it may concern.
(Gửi tới người liên quan)
- Whom did you go with? / With whom did you go?
(Ai đi với bạn?)
- What do you want?
(Bạn muốn điều gì?)
- What caused you here? What happened?
(Điều gì khiến bạn ở đây? Chuyện gì xảy ra vậy?)
- Whose is that computer? And what about these books? Whose are they?
(Cái máy tính của ai? Còn những cuốn sách. Chúng của ai vậy?)
- Which of these shirts do you want? Which one do you want?
(Bạn muốn chiếc áo nào trong số này?)
- There are two numbers of you. To which do you want me to call?
(Có hai số điện thoại của bạn. Bạn muốn tôi gọi tới số nào?)
- Which of us is going to clean the messy floor?
(Ai trong chúng ta đi dọn dẹp cái sàn nhà lộn xộn)
5. ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ – RELATIVE PRONOUNS
WHO – WHOSE – WHICH – THAT – WHERE
• Được học trong phần MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
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III. DANH TỪ
Chỉ NGƯỜI: Frank, Teacher, student, mother, son, daughter, …
Chỉ VẬT: computer, mobile phone, table, desk, pen, bag, …
Chỉ NƠI CHỐN: city, Vietnam, Africa, church, town, …
Chỉ TÍNH CHẤT: beauty, courage, sorrow, importance, …
Chỉ HOẠT ĐỘNG: travel, talk, cough, …
1. BẢNG PHÂN LOẠI DANH TỪ

Danh từ cụ thể (Concrete nouns) Danh từ trừu tượng
Danh từ chung Danh từ riêng (Abstract nouns)
(Common nouns) (Proper nouns)
Chỉ sự vật, hiện tượng Là tên riêng của sự vật, đối Là từ dùng để chỉ tính chất,
thuộc cùng một loại tượng riêng lẻ. trạng thái hoặc hoạt động
- Table (cái bàn), man - Frank (tên riêng) - Beauty (vẻ đẹp)
(con người), dog - Venice (river) - - Charity (lòng nhân
(con chó), pen (cây (sông Venice) ái)
bút) - Vietnam (nước Việt - Fear (sự sợ hãi)
- Collective nouns: Nam) - Sportsmanship (tinh
family (gia đình), - Hai Duong thần thể thao)
crowd (đám đông), (province) - (Tỉnh - Departure (sự khởi
team (đội, nhóm), Hải Dương) hành)
police (cảnh sát),
government (chính
phủ), cattle (bò)
Danh từ đếm được Danh từ không đếm được

(Countable nouns) (Uncountable nouns)
- Chỉ những vật thể, con người, ý - Chỉ chất liệu
niệm riêng rẽ có thể đếm được. - Chỉ chất lỏng
- Có hình thức SỐ ÍT và SỐ - Khái niệm trìu tượng
NHIỀU. - Vật là khối không thể tách rời
- Có thể đi cùng các mạo từ a/an ở - Vật không đếm được vì nhỏ và
dạng SỐ ÍT. (singular nouns) nhiều
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- Đi cùng some, any, many, few với - Chỉ có dạng SỐ ÍT, KHÔNG có
dạng SỐ NHIỀU. dạng số nhiều.
- A book (một cuốn sách) - Some water (một ít nước)
- An apple (một quả táo) - Some advice (vài lời khuyên)
- Two cats (hai con mèo) - Little information (ít thông tin)
- Many students (nhiều học sinh) - Some bread (một ít bánh mì)
- Some candies (vài cái kẹo) - Much money (nhiều tiền)
- A few people (một ít người)
• Lưu ý 1:
Con số và mạo từ a/an không dùng với danh từ không đếm được, nhưng có thể dùng
kèm các danh từ chỉ sự đo lường.
- A cup of tea (một ly trà)
- A piece of cake (một miếng bánh ngọt)
- Three bottle of milk (ba chai sữa)
- Two loaves of bread (hai ổ bánh mì)
• Lưu ý 2:
Các danh từ riêng (proper nouns) là tên riêng cá thể thường dùng ở số ít nhưng có thể
dùng ở dạng số nhiều.
- The Smiths is going to Ho Chi Minh City.
(Gia đình Smiths đang tới thành phố Hố Chí Minh)
- There are two Quans in my English class.
(Có hai bạn Quân trong lớp tiếng Anh của tôi)
• Lưu ý 3
Danh từ có cả dạng đếm được và dạng không đếm được thì nghĩa KHÁC NHAU.
- The partition is made by toughened glass.
(Vách ngăn được làm bằng kính cường lực)
- Would you like a glass of wine?
(Bạn có muốn một lý rượu vang?)
- These bags are made of paper.

(Những cái túi đựng này làm bằng giấy)
- I am going to buy some papers.
(Tôi đang đi mua mấy tờ báo)
• Lưu ý 4:
Các danh từ chỉ thức uống như coffee, tea, beer, juice… là các danh từ không đếm
được, nhưng có thể dùng ở dạng số nhiều nếu mang nghĩa là cốc, ly…
Would you like a beer/coffee/tea?

- Two beers please.
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Danh từ đơn (single nouns) Danh từ ghép (compound nouns)

Chỉ có 1 từ Có hai hoặc nhiều từ ghép lại.
- House (ngôi nhà) - Greenhouse (nhà kính)
- Peace (hòa bình) - World peace (hòa bình thế giới)
- World (thế giới) - Sky train (xe lửa trên không)
- Sky (bầu trời) - Kitchen table (bàn bếp)
- Train (xe lửa)
- Table (cái bàn)
• Các loại danh từ ghép
- Toothpick (tăm)
- Schoolgirl (nữ sinh)
- Cupboard (tủ bếp)
- Tennis ball (bóng tennis)
- Taxi driver (người lái xe taxi)
- River bank (bờ sông)
- Quicksilver (thủy ngân)
- Greenhouse (nhà kính)
- Blackboard (bảng đen)
- Blackbird (chim sáo)
- Weight-lifting (việc cử tạ)
- Fruit piking (việc hái trái cây)
- Coal mining (việc khai thác mỏ)
- Bird watching (việc quan sát chim)
- Waiting room (phòng chờ)
- Driving license (bằng lái xe)
- Swimming pool (bể bơi)
- Washing machine (máy giặt)
- Whitewash (nước vôi trong)
- Pickpocket (tên móc túi)
- Outbreak (sự bùng nổ)
- Breakdown( sự suy sụp)
- Passer-by (khách qua đường)
- Looker-on (người xem)
- Secretary-general (tổng thư ký)
- Mother-in-law (brother/sister-in-law)
- Glass-dining-table (bàn ăn bằng kính)
- Merry-go-round (trò chơi ngựa quay)
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2. MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý KHÁC CỦA DANH TỪ

Một số danh từ có dạng số nhiều bất quy tắc
- Man (đàn ông) - Men
- Woman (phụ nữ) - Women
- Foot (bàn chân) - Feet
- Child (đứa trẻ) - Children
- Mouse (chuột) - Mice
- Louse (con rận) - Lice
- Goose (con ngỗng) - Geese
- Person (con người) - People
- Ox (con bò) - Oxen
Một số danh từ có dạng số nhiều đặc biệt khác
- Formula (công thức) - Formulae, formulas
- Alumna (nữ sinh) - Alumnae
- Focus (tiêu điểm) - Foci, focuses
- Basis (nền tảng) - Bases
- Datum (dữ liệu) - Data
- Crisis (khủng hoảng) - Crises
- Criterion (tiêu chuẩn) - /krai'tiəriən/ - Criteria
- Bacterium (vi khuẩn) - /bakˈtɪərɪəm/ - Bacteria /bakˈtɪəriə/
- Analysis (sự phân tích) - Analyses
- Hypothesis (giả thuyết) - Hypotheses
- Phenomenon (hiện tượng) - Phenomena
Một số danh từ không thay đổi ở dạng số nhiều
- Sheep (con cừu)
- Swine (con lợn)
- Deer (con nai)
- Fish (con cá)
- Salmon (cá hồi)
- Grouse (gà rừng)
- Aircraft (máy bay)
- Trout (cá hồi)
- Plaice (cá bơn sao)
- Carp (cá chép)
- Squid (mực ống)
Một số danh từ có tận cùng là –s không thay đổi ở dạng số nhiều.

- Means (phương tiện)
- Swiss (người Thụy Sĩ)
- Works (công trình, tác phẩm)
- Barracks (doanh trại)
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- Headquarters (trụ sở chính, sở chỉ huy)

- Series (chuỗi, dãy)
- Species (loài)
- Crossroads (ngã tư)
Một số danh từ luôn được dùng ở dạng số nhiều

- Pants (quần)
- Trousers (quần dài)
- Jeans (quần jin)
- Pyjamas (đồ pyjama)
- Scissors /ˈsɪzəz/ (Cây kéo)
- Glasses (kính mắt)
- Pincers (cây kìm)
- Scales (cái cân)
- Tongs (cái kẹp)
- Binoculars (ống nhòm)
- Arms (vũ khí)
- Goods (hàng hóa)
- Earnings (tiền kiếm được)
- Stairs (cầu thang)
- Savings (tiền tiết kiệm)
- Surroundings (vùng lân cận)
- Clothes (quần áo)
- Riches (tài sản)
- Outskirts (ngoại ô)
Một số từ có hai hình thức số nhiều với hai nghĩa khác nhau
- Cloth (vải) Cloths (các miếng vải) Clothes (quần áo)
- Penny (đồng xu) Pennies (các đồng xu) Pence (tiền xu)
- Staff (nhân viên) Staffs (các nhân viên) Staves (các khuôn nhạc)
Danh từ dạng số ít nhưng có nghĩa số nhiều và có thể dùng với động từ số nhiều
- Army (quân đội)
- Police (cảnh sát)
- Family (gia đình)
- Team (đội, nhóm)
- Cattle (bò, trâu)
- Government (chính phủ)
Ví dụ:
The general rule for collective nouns like team, family, committee, etc., is to use the
singular verb to show that the group is considered as one unit:
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Our team (it) is playing today.

The commitee (it) has reached a decision.
The plural verb can be used to emphasize the individual members of the group:
The Italian team (they) are the world champions.
The committee (they) have reached a decision.
This latter usage is often confusing even for native speakers.
It can be confusing on one hand because in English, the singular and plural form of the
verb are often the same:
The committee (it) came to a decision.

The committee (they) came to a decision.
The team (it) arrived home today.

The team (they) arrived home today.
Often we get around this confusion by adding the word "members" to the sentence:
The committee members have reached a decision.
The team members arrived home today.
Một số danh từ số ít nhưng có hình thức số nhiều
- News (tin tức)
- Dominoes (trò chơi đô mi nô)
- Billiards (chò trơi đi da) (phân biệt snooker, pool)
- Measles (bệnh sởi)
- Rickets (bênh còi xương)
- Mumps (bênh quai bị)
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IV. ĐỘNG TỪ - VERBS

Động từ (verbs) là từ hoặc cụm từ được dùng để diễn tả hành động (action) hoặc trạng
thái (state)
1. NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ NỘI ĐỘNG TỪ
Ngoại động từ (transitive verbs) Nội động từ (intransitive verbs)

- Hành động trực tiếp tác động lên - Diễn tả hành động của chủ thể
người hoặc vật - Không cần tân ngữ trực tiếp câu
- Có đi cùm tân ngư trực tiếp (direct vẫn có nghĩa
object)
Eg: Eg:
- I love my mother. - My son is playing.
- He surprised me by the great - You go away.
IELTS scores.
• Động từ có thể vừa là ngoại động từ và vừa là nội động từ (check dictionary)
Eg:
- I run every morning.
- He is running a business in real estate field.
2. TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ
Trợ động từ chính Trợ động từ tình thái

Infinitive Present Past tense Past - Can - Could
tense participle - May - Might
(Xem phần Các thì của động từ) - Will/shall - Would
To be Am, is, are Was, were Been - Must - Must
To do Do, does Did Done - Should - Should
To have Have, has Had Had - Ought to
- Had better
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3. MODAL VERBS: ĐÔNG TỪ TÌNH THÁI, ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU

- Động từ khuyết thiếu thường đứng trước động từ chính trong câu để diễn
đạt khả năng, xác suất, sự chắc chắn, hoặc xin phép, đề nghị… Trong một số trường
hợp, động từ khuyết thiếu sẽ đứng trước ‘have + PII’ để diễn đạt một khả năng có thể
xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Modal Usage Examples
verbs
Can • dự đoán khả năng một việc • English can be hard to her.
xảy ra ở hiện tại • I can speak some French.
• nói về khả năng, năng lực ở • They can go home now.
hiện tại • I’m sorry, can you repeat the
• cho phép hoặc xin phép question?
làm gì đó
• dùng trong yêu cầu hay lời
mời lịch sự
Could • nói về khả năng, năng lực • I couldn't drive the car.
trong quá khứ • Could I open the window?
• cho phép hoặc xin phép • Could you turn on the lights,
một cách lịch sự please?
mời lịch sự
May • dự đoán khả năng một việc • It may take two hours.
xảy ra ở hiện tại • She may not leave until he says
• cho phép hoặc xin phép so.
Might • dự đoán khả năng một việc • It might rain.
xảy ra ở hiện tại
Must • diễn đạt khả năng một việc • It must be hot outside, I can
xảy ra ở hiện tại là gần như feel it.
chắc chắn. • I must write the final report in
• bắt buộc phải làm gì đó order to graduate.
must not = bắt buộc không
được làm gì đó
Shall • Dùng trong yêu cầu hay lời • Shall we dance?
mời lịch sự
Lưu ý: chỉ dùng cho ngôi I
và we
Will • sự việc sẽ xảy ra sau thời • I will graduate soon.
điểm hiện tại • Tim will always be late!
• will always: thói quen ở • Will you marry me?
hiện tại • I will never leave Hanoi.
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mời lịch sự
• thể hiện ý muốn, đưa ra
một lời hứa
Would • sự việc sẽ xảy ra sau một • She said she would send me
thời điểm trong quá khứ a letter soon.
• thói quen trong quá khứ • When I was little, I would play
• dùng trong yêu cầu hay lời outside all day.
mời lịch sự • Would you go and wait outside
for a bit?
4. MODAL VERBS + HAVE + PII

(could have, would have, should have, might have, must have)
Cases Usage Examples

could have đã có khả năng làm được trong * I could run faster. Lúc trước tôi
quá khứ, nhưng vì một lí do có thể chạy nhanh hơn, còn bây giờ
nào đó mà lúc đó đã không thì tôi không chạy nhanh hơn được)
làm vậy * I could have run faster. Tôi
(đáng lẽ ra) đã có thể chạy nhanh
Phỏng đoán một sự kiện ở trong hơn, nhưng vì một lý do nào đó mà
quá khứ có thể nó đã/không xảy lúc đó tôi đã không chạy nhanh hơn
ra.
should have đáng lẽ ra đã phải làm gì đó I should study harder.
(Tôi nên học chăm chỉ hơn)
I should have studied harder.
Đáng lẽ ra tôi đã phải học chăm chỉ
hơn thì đã không bị điểm kém như
bây giờ)
might have phỏng đoán một việc đã có thể The bus might have left.
xảy ra rồi (Xe buýt hình như đã rời đi rồi)
would have rất muốn làm một điều gì đó I would have studied abroad, but I
nhưng lại không làm couldn’t afford it.
Lưu ý: có thể gặp trong câu Tôi đã rất muốn đi du học nhưng
điều kiện loại 3 điều kiện kinh tế không cho phép.
Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi đã đi du học
rồi.
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BÀI TẬP:
Choose one of the following to complete the sentences with the correct tense of the
verbs in brackets.
must (not) have might (not) have should (not) have could (not) have
1. John …………………… (go) on holiday. I saw him this morning downtown.
2. Nobody answered the phone at the clinic. It …………………… (close) early.
3. I …………………… (revise) more for my exams. I think I'll fail!
4. Sarah looks really pleased with herself. She …………………… (pass) her driving test
this morning.
5. I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You …………………… (tell)
me!
6. I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He …………………… (catch) the wrong train.
7. Don't lie to me that you were ill yesterday. You …………………… (be) ill - John said
you were at the ice hockey match last night.
8. I don't know where they went on holiday but they bought Euros before they left so they
…………………… (go) to France or Germany.
9. His number was busy all night - he …………………… (be) on the phone continuously
for hours.
10. It …………………… (be) Mickey I saw at the party. He didn't recognise me at all.
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V. TÍNH TỪ (ADJECTIVES)
Tính từ chỉ tính chất của người vật hoặc sự việc được hiển thị thông qua danh từ
hoặc đại từ.
Tính từ được dùng để đưa thêm thông tin về vật thể trong danh từ như hình dáng,
kích thước, tuổi tác, màu sắc, cảm xúc cá nhân, tình trạng, vẻ ngoài, số lượng…
Vị trí trong câu Ví dụ
Đứng trước danh từ She is a beautiful women.
Đứng sau động từ:

- Be - You are diligent in the matter of learning English.
- Become - We should read more in order to become wise.
- Get - It is getting dark and we should hurry up.
- Seem - You seem very happy with your IELTS result.
- Appear - She appeared gorgeous on his birthday.
- Look - You look beautiful in this red dress.
- Smell - This cake smells good.
- Taste - The spaghetti just tastes OK with me.
- Feel - I feel bored with English grammar rules.
- Turn - Suddenly, the sky turned grey.
1. MỘT SỐ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TÍNH TỪ

ORIGINAL WORLD HẬU TỐ ADJECTIVES
accept (v) -able acceptable
eat (v) -ible edible
economy (n) -ic economic
develop (v) -ing developing
develop (v) -ed developed
help (v) -less/ -ful helpful/helpless
depend (v) -ent dependent
danger (n) -ous dangerous
culture (n) -(i)al cultural
introduction (n) -ory introductory
Britain (n) -ish British
live (v) -ly lively
ease (n,v) -y easy
consider (v) -ate considerate
attract (v) -ive attractive
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2. TRẬT TỰ CỦA TÍNH TỪ

Khi có nhiều hơn 1 tính từ đứng trước danh từ, các tính từ được sắp xếp theo
một thứ tự cố định.
Group Examples
1. Determiners A, the, this, my, those, some, several…
2. Cardinal adjective One, four, eight
3. Opinion (how good) Lovey, nice, beautiful
4. Size (how big) Big, small, tall, fat
5. Physical Thin, rough, untidy
6. Age (how old) Old, new, young
7. Shape Round, oval, triangular
8. Colour Read, blue, yellow
9. Origin (where from) American, Chinese, Vietnamese
10. Material (made of) Paper, wool, leather, stone
11. Purpose (what for) Cleaning, cooking, cutting
Eg:
She is a beautiful, tall, thin, young, long hair, Vietnamese woman
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VI. ADVERB – TRẠNG TỪ

Types of adverbs
- There are several types of adverb AND there are different places where you
can put the adverb.
manner - place - time - frequency - degree
1. ADVERBS OF MANNER
These answer the question HOW?

- This adverb usually comes after the direct object or if there is no direct object,
after the verb:
Eg:
1 She speaks Italian beautifully.
2 He works well.
3 You must drive your car carefully.
4 Eat quietly.
2. ADVERBS OF PLACE
These answer the question WHERE?

- This adverb usually comes after the object, otherwise after the verb:
Eg:
1 We saw you there.
2 We were sitting here.
3 We looked everywhere.
Note: somewhere, anywhere, follow the same rules as some and any:
1 Have you seen my glasses anywhere?

2 I'm sure I left them somewhere.
3 I can't find them anywhere.
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3. ADVERBS OF TIME
These answer the question WHEN?

- This adverb usually comes either at the very beginning of the sentence or at the
end.
Eg: Afterwards we decided to go by car. I've done that journey before.
Note:
- Yet and still: yet should be placed at the end of the sentence.
- Still should be placed before the verb, except with the verb 'to be' when it comes
after.
Eg:
1 We haven't started yet.
2 He still wears old-fashioned clothes.
3 She is still a student.
4 Compare these two sentences:
5 The train still hasn't arrived.
6 The train hasn't arrived yet.
4. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
These answers of the question HOW MANY TIMES?
- This adverb comes after the verb 'to be':
Eg: She is always honest.
- Comes before simple tenses of all other verbs:
Eg: They sometimes spend the whole of Saturday fishing.
- Comes after the first auxiliary in a tense consisting of more than one verb. When
we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the
adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to
be.
Eg:
1 I have often wondered how they did that.
2 I can sometimes go without food for days.
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Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb
She can sometimes beat me in a race.

I would hardly ever be unkind to someone.
They might never see each other again.
They could occasionally be heard laughing.
Note: with 'used to' and 'have' the frequency adverb is usually placed in front:
- We always used to look forward to the school holidays.
- He never has any trouble with his old car.
- We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence:

[Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally]
• Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.
- BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence:
[Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never]
- We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs:
• She hardly ever comes to my parties.
• They never say 'thank you'.
- We use ever in questions and negative statements:
• Have you ever been to New Zealand?
• I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been
Switzerland').
Frequency Adverb of Frequency Example Sentence
100% always I always go to bed before 11 p.m.

90% usually I usually have cereal for breakfast.
80% normally / generally I normally go to the gym.
70% often* / frequently I often surf the internet.
50% sometimes I sometimes forget my wife's birthday.
30% occasionally I occasionally eat junk food.
10% seldom I seldom read the newspaper.
5% hardly ever / rarely I hardly ever drink alcohol.
0% never I never swim in the sea.
Note: Some people pronounce the 'T' in often but many others do not.
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5. ADVERBS OF DEFINITE FREQUENCY
- We can also use the following expressions when we want to be more specific
about the frequency:
➢ every day
➢ once a month
➢ twice a year
➢ four times a day
➢ every 4 weeks/years/months
➢ daily
➢ monthly
Exercise: Answer the questions bellow

How often do you
- Go to the cinema?
- Go to the gym?
- Go out for café?
- Go back home town to visit your family?
How often is
- The world cup held/played?
- Sea games held?
- Olympic held?
6. ADVERBS OF DEGREE
These answer the question to WHAT EXTENT?

- This adverb can modify an adverb or an adjective and comes before the word it
modifies:
1 The bottle is almost full, nearly empty.
2 They should be able to pass their exams quite easily.
- The following adverbs of degree can also modify verbs:
almost, nearly, quite, hardly, scarcely, barely, just
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- They follow the same pattern as frequency adverbs in terms of where they are
placed:
1 I quite understand.
2 We had almost reached the hut when the rain started.
3 I am just beginning a new course.
7. INVERSION (đảo ngữ)
- If you begin a sentence with one of the following, the normal word order changes -
the verb comes first followed by the subject:
never, seldom, scarcely ..... when, no sooner ..... than, nowhere, in no circumstances, on
no account, only then, not only
a. Seldom has one century seen so many changes.

b. No sooner did we hear the results when there was a knock at the door.
c. Never would I be persuaded to buy a secondhand car.
Usual word order with different adverbs:

MANNER -> PLACE -> TIME
Eg: She sang beautifully in the concert hall last night.
BÀI TẬP WORD FORMS 1:

1. Detroit is renowned for the _____________ of car. (produce)
2. If you make a good ________________ at the interview, you will get the job.
(impress)
3. The _________________ looked dark and there were hardly any other guests. (enter)
4. My history teacher has a vast ________________ of past events. (know)
5. You are never too old to go to college and gain some _______________. ( qualify)
6. My greatest ________________ was graduating from university. (achieve)
7. The weatherman said there is a strong _______________ of rain today. (possible)
8. Some old laws are no longer _______________. (effect)
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9. Athens is ________________ for its ancient buildings. (fame)

10. He was caught shoplifting so now he has a ________________ record. (crime)
11. Despite her severe _________________, she fulfilled her goals in life. (Disable)
12. Being ________________is the worst thing that can happen to someone. (employ)
13. If you buy presents in the summer your _________________ can be very high. (save)
14. Due to the pilot's _____________, the copilot managed to land safely. (guide)
15. It's important to also see the less ________________sides of the job. (desire)
16. I was surprised at his __________________ to give up. (refuse)
17. Children are by nature _________________of danger. (aware)
18. She is always ___________________towards her parents. (respect)
19. The hospital has the best medical _____________and fast ambulances. (equip)
20. You can relax in the comfortable _______________of the hotel. (surround)
21. It's totally________________ that you stayed home when you were sick.
(understand)
22. Don't laugh at his stupid jokes! You'll only _________________ him to say them
again. (courage)
23. That sidewalk is_________________, I almost fell! (slip)
24. After Monday, I will no longer be a foreigner--I am receiving my________________!
(citizen)
25. Arthur will be very lonely unless you__________________ him. (friend)
26. Every afternoon, the cooks__________________ their knives in preparation for
dinner. (sharp)
27. I hate being around Mary Lou, she is __________________. (friendly).
28. The stock market crash of 1929 left my great-
grandfather___________________.(penny)
29. I have a class at 8:00 a.m. but I always________________. (sleep)
30. The groom may ______________the bride only when their vows have been
exchanged. (veil)
31. I think we should try something else. That strategy seems way
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too________________. (risk)
32. My father's death left me with a great_________________ in my heart. (empty)
33. George W. Bush is pretending that he attacked Iraq to __________________ the
Iraqis. (liberty)
34. Americans fought hard to earn their _________________from Britain. (free)
35. When you work at a nuclear power plant, you have to be
extremely_________________. (care)
36. Every time I think I've beaten you, you _________________ me! (do)
37. I had to take three months off when I was pregnant, but my boss has been
very____________. (understand)
38. He will __________________the wine as soon as we are ready for dinner. (cork)
39. You need to work on your orthography so you don't __________________ (spell)
these words. (cork)
40. The weather ________________looks bad for a picnic--rainy and windy! (cast)
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LET’S SPEAK 1:
INTRODUCE YOURSELF
You should say about:
-Where you come from?
-Where you are studying?
-Which major you are studying?
-What some of your hobbies are?
-Whether you like to read book (How often)
-Whether you like to go to see a movie (How often)
-Talk about your dreams or your ambitions.
Some students present in front of the class.

And all the students have to record or videotape this part at home.
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Reading 2: A Very Special Bank Account

Imagine you had a bank account that deposited $86,400 each morning. The
account carries over no balance from day to day, allows you to keep no cash balance, and
every evening cancels whatever part of the amount you had failed to use during the day.
What would you do? Draw out every dollar each day!
We all have such a bank. Its name is Time. Every morning, it credits you with
86,400 seconds. Every night it writes off, as lost, whatever time you have failed to use
wisely. It carries over no balance from day to day. It allows no overdraft so you can’t
borrow against yourself or use more time than you have. Each day, the account starts
fresh. Each night, it destroys an unused time. If you fail to use the day’s deposits, it’s
your loss and you can’t appeal to get it back.
There is never any borrowing time. You can’t take a loan out on your time or
against someone else’s. The time you have is the time you have and that is that. Time
management is yours to decide how you spend the time, just as with money you decide
how you spend the money. It is never the case of us not having enough time to do things,
but the case of whether we want to do them and where they fall in our priorities.
Questions:
1. What are the new vocabularies?

2. What are the new gammars?
3. What are the lessons of this story?
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VII. SUBJECT AND VERB

AGREEMENT
Có hai dạng của động từ là SỐ ÍT và SỐ NHIỀU.
Trong phần này ta sẽ lưu ý cách chia dạng của động từ cho phù hợp với chủ ngữ.
1. ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ ÍT
1.1 Danh từ đếm được số ít hoặc danh từ không đếm được

- This novel is very romantic. (Tiểu thuyết này rất lãng mạn)
- This car is very expensive. (Chiếc xe hơi này rất đắt tiền)
1.2 Hai danh từ nói với nhau bằng and và chỉ về một người, một vật hoặc một ý
tưởng.
- My beloved friend and mentor, Frank, is coming over.
(Người bạn yêu quý và là người hướng dẫn tôi, Frank đang đến)
- Bread and milk is my favorite breakfast.
(Bánh mì và sữa là bữa sáng ưa thích của tôi)
1.3 Each / either / every/ neither + danh từ số ít

- Each book has different contents. (Mỗi cuốn sách có nội dung khác nhau)
- A: Do you want to have dinner at home or a restaurant?
(A: Em muốn ăn tối ở nhà hay ở nhà hàng)
- B: Either option is fine for me.
(B: Cái nào cũng được)
1.4 Each/ every/ either/ any/ none + of + danh từ/ đại từ số nhiều
- Each of the cars is very different. (Mỗi chiếc xe đều rất khác nhau)
- Neither of the books is mine. (Cả hai cuốn sách đều không là của tôi)
- Has any of these pens black ink? (Có cái bút nào mực đen không?
- Either of the films I watched with you is very interesting. (Hai bộ phim mà anh
xem cùng với em đều hay)
1.5 Lưu ý neither/ none / any + of + danh từ / đại từ số nhiều cũng có thể dùng với
động từ số nhiều.
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- None of my friends live/lives near me.

1.6 Each/ every + danh từ số ít + and + each/every + danh từ số ít
- Each boy and each girl has an English book.
(Mỗi nam sinh và nữ sinh đều có một cuốn sách Tiếng Anh)
- Every father and every mother has the same love to their children.
(Mỗi ông bố bà mẹ đều có một tình yêu giống nhau dành cho con cái của mình)
1.7 More than one + danh từ đếm được số ít

- More than one person has known the news.
(Có nhiều hơn 1 người biết tin này)
1.8 One of + danh từ số nhiều

- One of my students has passed the test.
(Một trong số những học sinh của tôi qua bài kiểm tra)
1.9 Đại từ bất định

every- some- any- no-
everyone someone anyone no one/none
everybody somebody anybody nobody
everything something anything nothing
everywhere Somewhere Anywhere nowhere
- Something needs to be done about the increasing rate of crime.

- According to the news, no one is directly responsible for the problems.
- Everything looks bright with me.
- Someone is making a lot of noise out there.
1.10 Một số danh từ có dạng số nhiều nhưng nghĩa số ít

- News (tin tức)
- Mathematics (toán)
- Physics (vật lý)
- Economics (kinh tế)
- Politics (chính trị)
- Linguistics (ngôn ngữ)
- Genetics (di truyền)
- Athletics (điền kinh)
44 | P a g e
- Gymnastics (thể dục)
Một số trò chơi:

- Billiards (bi da)
- Darts (ném phi tiêu)
- Dominoes (đô mi nô)
- Measles (bệnh sởi)
- Mumps (bênh quai bị)
- Rickets (bênh còi xương)
- Philippines (quốc gia Phi lip pin)
- The United States (Hợp chủng quốc Hoa Kì)
2. Khoảng thời gian, khoảng cách, số tiền, sự đo lường (QUAN TRỌNG)
2.1 Với các phân số, phần trăm và các định lượng từ bất định (all, few, many,
much, some), động từ chia tương ứng với danh từ đứng ngay trước đó.
- Với danh từ đếm được số ít và danh từ không đếm được, động từ được chia số ít.
e.g. :
One-third of the article is taken up with statistical analysis.
Much of the book seems relevant to this study.
Half of what he writes is undocumented.
Fifty percent of the job is routine.
All the information is current
2.2 Với danh từ đếm được số nhiều, động từ cũng được chia số nhiều
e.g. :
One-third of the students have graduate degrees.
Many researchers depend on grants from industry.
Half of his articles are peer-reviewed.
Fifty percent of the computers have CD-ROM drives.
All the studies are current.
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2.3 Với danh từ tập hợp (family, class, group…), động từ có thể chia số ít hoặc số
nhiều, phụ thuộc vào việc chủ thể thực hiện hành động đó đang được nhắc
đến dưới góc độ từng cá nhân hay cả tập thể.
e.g. :
Half of my family lives in Englan. (Một nửa gia đình tôi sống ở Canada trong
cùng một căn nhà nên được coi là một chủ thể thực hiện hành động.)
Half of my family live in England. (Một nửa gia đình tôi sống ở Canada nhưng
mỗi người ở một nơi khác nhau trong Canada nên được coi là nhiều người
thực hiện hành động.)
All of the class is/are here.
Ten percent of the population is/are bilingual.
2.4 Với các từ majority và minority
- Khi majority/minority diễn đạt một con số không cụ thể lớn hơn hoặc nhỏ hơn
50%, động từ được chia số ít.
The majority holds no strong views.
A small minority indicates it supports the proposal.
- Khi majority/minority nói đến một nhóm người cụ thể, động từ được chia số
nhiều.
A majority of Canadians have voted for change.
A minority of the students are willing to pay more.
Các cụm từ khác

như: Danh từ số ít Động từ số ít
Lots
All Majority
Some Minority + OF
None The last Danh từ số Động từ số
Part The rest nhiều nhiều
Half The remainder
Plenty
A lot
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2.5 Với cụm từ diễn tả khoảng cách, khoảng thời gian, lượng tiền, động từ
thường chia số ít:
Ten dollars is a great deal of money to a child.

Ten kilometres is too far to walk.
Six weeks is not long enough.
2.6 Với cụm danh từ ‘the + adj’ mang ý nghĩa số nhiều, động từ cũng được chia
số nhiều.
The rich get richer.

The poor face many hardships.
2.7 Với cụm từ ‘number of’, động từ được chia phụ thuộc vào ngữ nghĩa của cụm
từ đó:
- Khi diễn tả một chủ thể thống nhất, động từ được chia số ít, sử dụng mạo từ ‘the’
trước ‘number of’:
Eg: The number of students registered in the class is 20.
- Khi đóng vai trò định lượng từ bất định, động từ được chia số nhiều, sử dụng mạo
từ ‘a’ trước ‘number of’:
Eg: A number of students were late.
Lưu ý:
- Động từ số ít thường được dùng sau số thập phân, phân số và các cụm từ chỉ số
lượng hoặc sự đo lường, nhuwgn động từ số nhiều được dùng khi nói về số lượng
NGƯỜI và VẬT.
Eg:
- Three quarters of a ton is too much. (3/4 tấn là quá nhiều)
- A third of the students are from abroad. (1/3 học sinh đến từ nước ngoài)
3. ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ NHIỀU
3.1 Với danh từ số nhiều

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- These books are very interesting. (Những cuốn sách này rất thú vị)
- The goods have been sent to you. (Hàng đã được chuyển tới bạn)
3.2 Hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng AND nhưng chỉ hai đối tượng KHÁC NHAU.
- My beloved friend and my mentor are coming over.
(Người bạn yêu dấu và người hướng dẫn của tôi đang tới)
- Water and oil do not mix. (Nước và dầu không thể hòa tan)
3.3 Some/ a few/ both/ many/ a lot of/ all,… + danh từ số nhiều
- Some articles I read this morning are in English.
(Vài bài báo sáng nay tôi đọc là bằng Tiếng Anh)
- All the books are very good to read.
(Tất cả những cuốn sách đều rất tốt để đọc)
3.4 Các danh từ chỉ tập hợp: police, people, cattle…

- The police have arrested the thief.
- The cattle are lowing on the field.
BÀI TẬP TƯƠNG HỢP CHỦ NGỮ ĐỘNG TỪ
BÀI TẬP 5: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D:

1. A large number of students in this school………. . English quite fluently.
a. speaks b. is speaking c. has spoken d. speak
2. A series of lectures………being presented at the Central Hall this week.
a. are b. will be c. has become d. is
3. Beauty as well as health ………. failed her this term.
a. has b. have c. is d. are
4. Bread and butter ………. what she asks for.
a. is b. are c. will be d. have been
5. Each student………. answered the first three questions.
a. has b. have c. have to d. must
6. Either John or his wife ………breakfast each morning.
a. make b. is making c. makes d. made
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7. Everybody who ………. a fever must go home at once.

a. has b. have c. is having d. are having
8. Five dollars ………all I have on me.
a. are b. is c. will be d. have
9. John, along with twenty friends, ………. planning a party.
a. are b. is c. has been d. have been
10. Mathematics………. . the science of quantity.
a. was b. are c. is d. were
11. Measles………cured without much difficulty nowadays.
a. is b. are c. will be d. have
12. Neither Mary nor her brothers……a consent form for tomorrow’s field trip.
a. need b. needs c. is needing d. has need
13. Peter, together with his uncle, ……………fishing.
a. have gone b. has gone c. go d. goes
14. The army…………. eliminated this section of the training test.
a. has b. is having c. are d. have
15. The number of the months in a year …………twelve.
a. was b. were c. are d. is
16. The picture of the soldiers………. . back many memories.
a. will bring b. brings c. bring d. have brought
17. These pictures, as well as the photograph………. . the room.
a. brightens b. brightening c. brighten d. being brightened
18. The quality of the recordings ………. . not very good.
a. is b. are c. is being d. has been

19. This house as well as that one………. . for sale, which will you have?
a. are b. is c. have d. has
20. To what place ………either the man or his son wish to go?
a. is b. does c. do d. are
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21. Twenty miles………. a long way to walk.

a. are b. was c. is d. were
22. What he told you………. . to be of no importance.
a. seems b. seem c. must seem d. have seemed
23. Mathematics………. . not always an exact science.
a. was b. are c. is d. were
24. Mr. John, accompanied by several members of the committee,………. . proposed
some changes of the rules.
a. have b. has c. are d. is
25. The flock of birds…………. . circling overhead.
a. gets b. are c. is d. get
26. The levels of intoxication…………. from subject to subject.
a. has been varied b. have been varied c. varies d. vary
27. The majority of the students………. . him to be innocent.
a. was made b. believe c. makes d. make
28. The pair of the pliers………. . on the table.
a. was b. were c. put d. puts
29. The use of credit cards in place of cash………. . increased rapidly in recent years.
a. have been b. has been c. has d. have
30. Advertisements on television…………. . becoming more competitive than ever
before.
a. has b. have c. are d. is
BÀI TẬP 6: Supply the correct tenses and form of the verbs in parentheses:
1. The English (be) ………. famous for their calmness.
2. The money that (spend) …………. on education every year (be) ………not enough.
3. The number of employees who (not, finish) …………. their work yet (have) ………. .
to work on the weekend.
4. The office (close) …………on the weekend.
5. The office (try) ………a lot to win the boss’s heart recently.
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6. Five kilos of gold (steal) ………. . from the bank yesterday.

7. Physics (cause) …………you any trouble at school.
8. Yesterday, neither you nor I (choose) …………. to deliver the speech. So who
(choose) ………. ?- Daisy and Ann (be) ……….
9. That you enjoy the food I cook (encourage) …………. me a lot.
10. When I (see) …………you yesterday, the boy in black trousers (try) ……. . to steal
your wallet.
11. The contracts signed by the company (have) …………been voided because some
stipulations were not met.
12. Ten miles (be) ………. a very long distance for us to walk.
13. Each package that is not properly wrapped (have) ………. . to be returned to the
sender.
14. The keys of the house (have) ………. been lost.
15. The plan as well as the proposals (be) ………. . to be presented in the coming
Monday meeting.
16. The box of ribbons for the electric typewriter (have) ………. . been misplaced.
17. It is disconcerting to believe that every possible candidate (have) ……. . been
rejected for one reason or another.
18. There (have) ………. been more excitement in this city about a sporting event.
19. To me, Mathematics (be) ………something very easy to master.
20. If nobody (have) ………. . bought that car from the dealer, then you should return
and make another offer
BÀI TẬP 7: Correct the sentences if necessary. Check (√) s any that are already
correct:
1. The Chinese has an interesting history.
2. English is one of the most popular language in the world.
3. The scissors on the table is my sister’s.
4. Linguistics is my major field of study.
5. There are good furniture in this showroom.
6. The cattle is grazing in the meadow.
7. The interrogation, conducted by the police officers, have lasted for several hours.
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8. The tenants in the apartment next to mine is giving a party this evening.
9. The president, surrounded by secret service agents, is trying to make his way to the
podium.
10. The buildings destroyed during the fire are being rebuilt at the taxpayers’ expense.
11. 20 percent of the forest have been destroyed lately.
12. The witnesses saw that most of the fire in the hills was extinguished.
13. Some of the animals from the zoo was released into the animals preserve.
14. All of the students in the class taught by Professor Roberts is required to turn in their
term papers next Monday.
15. Half of the food that we are serving to the guests are still in the refrigerator.
16. We believe that some of the employees is going to be devoted to quality control.
17. It is impossible to believe that somebody actually admire that man.
18. Each of the doctors in the building needs to have a separate reception area.
19. The president felt that no one were better suited for the position of chief staff advisor.
20. Everybody participating in the fund-raiser are to turn in the tickets by 8. 00.
BÀI TẬP 8: Complete the sentences with is / are, has / have or dose /do.
1. Either John or you ………. . to be responsible for the unfinished work.
2. David, as well as his friends, …………collecting waste paper to recycle.
3. John and Helen ……. . not admit to have broken the window.
4. Neither Tom nor his friends………. . lost the keys.
5. Both Peter and his girlfriend………. working for a bank.
6. Neither the library nor the bookstore…………the book I need.
7. Tom as well as his two close friends ………not in class today.
8. Both Ron and Bob ………passed the exam successfully.
9. One of the staffs………. to report the problem to the manager.
10. Either the girl or her parents…………going to be present at the party.
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BÀI TẬP 9: In each of the following sentences, put the verb in brackets into the
correct form:
1. Two weeks (go) fast when you are on vacation.
2. Many of the girls in my school (wear) white shirts.
3. Three kilos of potatoes (make) the basket heavier.
4. Some of the tables in the classroom (be) broken.
5. Bacteria of the harmful kind (cause) diseases.
6. What we need most (be) books.
7. The English (be) proud and independent people.
8. The United States (have) a population of 250 million.
9. There (be, not) any letters in the mail for you today.
10. Everyone in both cars (be) injured in the accident last night.
11. The books borrowed from the library (be) on my desk.
12. The boy who won the two medals (be) a friend of mine.
13. Bread and butter (be) our daily food.
14. The quality of the candies (be) poor.
15. Gold, as well as platinum, (have) recently risen in price.
16. His courage and endurance (be) tried to the utmost.
17. No news (be) good news.
18. A good man and useful citizen (have) passed away.
19. The jury (be) divided in their opinions.
20. The cost of all these articles (have) risen.
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VIII. TENSES
4 THÌ HIỆN TẠI
Cấu trúc chung của tất cả các loại câu (Lesson 1)
S+ V+ O+ C+ A
Chỉ khác nhau ở thì của động từ, mỗi thì mang ngữ nghĩa cho từng ngữ cảnh diễn đại khác khau.
THÌ CẤU TRÚC CÁCH DÙNG VÍ DỤ Dấu hiệu
Hiện tại S+ are/is/am Thói quen ở hiện tại She always comes to class early. • every day
đơn • sometimes
Việc thường xuyên xảy ra I often go to the cinema once a week. • always
• often
Chân lý sự thật hiển nhiên The sun rises in the east. • usually
• seldom
• never
Lịch trình có sẵn Tom is from England. • first ... then
The plane arrives at 18.00
tomorrow.
Thì hiện S+tobe Việc đang xảy ra tại thời điểm She is crying in her bedroom. • now
tại tiếp (is/am/are) + nói • at the moment
diễn Ving He is always forgetting his book at • right now
Nghĩa phàn nàn với Always home • at the present
• Look!
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Nghĩa tương lai kế hoạch cố định I am leaving tomorrow • Listen!

We are having a staff meeting next
Monday
Thì hiện S + have/has Hành động trong quá khứ kéo I have learned English for 10 years • just
tại hoàn + V3 dài tới hiện tại • yet
thành • never
Hành động xảy ra tại một thời She has lost her bag. • ever
điểm không xác định trong quá • already
khứ • so far
We have been to Hanoi 3 times. • up to now
Hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong • since
quá khứ tính tới thời điểm hiện • for
tại • recently
Hiện tại S+ have/has + Nhấn mạnh vào hành động,quá I have been waiting for you for over • all day
hoàn been + Ving trình (thiện tại hoàn thành nhấn 4 hours. • the whole day
thành tiếp mạnh vào kết quả) • how long
diễn • since
• for
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4 THÌ CỦA QUÁ KHỨ

Quá khứ Type 1: Hành động trong quá khứ, I graduated from university in 2016. • last ...
đơn S + V2 (Ved) kết thúc ở hiện tại (có trạng • ... ago
Type 2: từ quá khứ) • in (năm ở
S+ was/were+… quá khứ).
vd: 2016
• yesterday
Quá khứ S+ was/were + Một hành động diễn ra trong When the phone rang, my • While
tiếp diễn Ving lúc một hành động khác mother was cooking. • at that very
đang diễn ra moment
• at 9:00 last
một hành động diễn ra ngay He was doing his homework at 9 night
tại 1 thời điểm trong quá last night. • ....
khứ.
Quá khứ S+ had + V3 Một hành động xảy ra trước Before he went to bed, he had • already
hoàn một hành động khác trong finished his homework. • just
thành quá khứ. • never
(HĐ trước – QKD, HĐ sau –
QKHT)
Quá khứ của HTHT Frank had never been to a beer club
before last night.
Quá khứ S+ had+ been + Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của I had been waiting for an hour • how long
hoàn Ving hành động trong quá khứ. before the plane took off. • since
thành tiếp • for
diễn
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4 THÌ TƯƠNG LAI

Tương lai S + will + Vo Dự đoán (không có cơ sở) về • tomorrow
đơn một việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương I think it will rain. • next week /
lai month / year
• in the future
Một quyết định được đưa ra I will check this letter for you. • soon
ngay tại thời điểm nói We will go to the cinema tonight.
Be going S + are/is/am Một dự đoán (có cơ sở) về một Look! The sky is grey. It is going to
to + going to + sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai rain soon.
Vo
Một dự tính, một quyết định đã As discussed, we are going to
được đưa ra trước đó watch this movie tonight.
Tương lai S + will + be Một hành động xảy ra tại một At 9 am tomorrow, I will be
tiếp diễn + Ving thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai. taking an exam.
You will be waiting for her when

her plane arrives tonight.
Tương lai S + will + Một hành động xảy ra trước một By next November, I will have
hoàn have + V3 hành động khác trong tương lai. received my promotion.
thành Cả 2 hành động này đều ở tương
lai. By the time I finish this course, I will
have taken ten tests
Tương lai S + Will + Nhấn mạnh: tính liên tục của How long will you have been
hoàn have + been hành động trong thì Tương lai studying when you graduate?
thành tiếp + Ving Hoàn thành
diễn
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GUIDANCE:
- Reading these stories then identify the tenses.
- Briefly summarizing the contents of each story.
- Listening the audios of the story for deeper understanding and improving listening
skills.
- Recording one of these story.
- Translate all the stories into Vietnamese.
Reading 3: Dreams can’t be too big

“You’re going to Blantyre Secondary School.”
I cannot believe the news. I am finally going to my school of choice!
“You deserve it my son.”
My mother is weeping but her tears are of joy. She is happy for me, and proud-
I can see it from the way she keeps on straightening my collar.
“We have to buy new clothes for you.”
“Don’t bother yourself Wamama. I’m only going to Blantyre after all!”
“To the city you mean. I don’t want my son to fail because he didn’t have any
decent clothes. You will have two new pairs of trousers and three shirts, not
forgetting the uniform.”
I open my mouth to protest but my father and mother will hear none of it. They
are strong, my parents, they are. They work hard for me, for us, for everyone in the
family. They really want us to succeed.
It was not easy to get the money for my school fees, but they managed. I see
the strain in their weary eyes, on their hunched backs, in their tired legs. You will not
hear them complaining though. Never. They say that complaints never fed anyone in
this world. You have to wake up in the morning and do everything you can to live a
dignified life. ‘Dignity’ is my father’s favourite word. You can be poor but that does
not mean the world has to see your misery.
This is why we are always dressed in clean and well-mended clothes. We also
put on shoes all the time. Our hair is always combed. No, you will not see us walking
in rags. We wake up early in the morning to sweep our yard and our house. We take
great care of ourselves and our environment because we know that it is necessary. It
is necessary to love ourselves and where we live. We can be poor but we do not have
to look poor. This is how we triumph over our circumstances.
My parents say we have to keep on dreaming. If we wallow in our misery, we
will never get out of this place. We have to look farther than the horizon, higher than
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the sky, deeper than the lake. Our possibilities are endless, they insist. We are going
to make it.
I have big dreams. My dreams are so big that they sometimes keep me awake
at night. I know that I will achieve them, of course, I will. It is no use to have dreams
if you cannot do anything about them. My mother says what matters is the purpose.
“Dream my children, dream,” she often tells us. “ You can be anything you want in
this world, you can be anything. Don’t be afraid, be strong. Be strong my children
and work towards your dreams.” I love my parents, I really do. I will make them very
happy one day, I will really do.
What are my dreams? Not only do I want to be a surgeon, I also want to be one
of the best surgeons in my country. I know I will make it, I will. I will work hard,
every single day of my life, I will.
Why do I want to be a surgeon? I could be somebody else: a businessman, a
lawyer, a judge, a politician, whatever. No, I want to be a doctor who heals people. I
want to see people happy. I want to see people realising their dreams. I want to see
sorrow become a thing of the past.
During those restless nights, I think of my future, of what I will become, of
what I will do. I picture myself receiving my final degree. I just cannot wait.
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This is what enables me to get out of bed at sunrise. I have so much energy, I
do not know what to do with it!
When I have finished helping my parents with their chores, I sit down under
the shade of our precious mango tree and then I read. I read until I cannot read any
more. I read everything I can get my hands on. Each time I finish a book, I know I
am getting closer to my dream.
Being selected to Blantyre Secondary School is just the first step to my bright
future. My parents will no longer suffer, I promise them, they never will.
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BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP VỀ CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

EXERCISE 1: Use the correct form of verbs in brackets.
1. In all the world, there (be) __________ only 14 mountains that (reach)
__________above 8,000 meters.
2. He sometimes (come) __________ to see his parents.
3. When I (come) __________, she (leave) __________for Dalat ten minutes ago.
4. My grandfather never (fly) __________ in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever
doing (wait) __________ for me.
10. Margaret was born in 1950. By last year, she (live) __________on this earth for 55
years.
11. The traffic was very heavy. By the time I (get) __________to Mary’s party, everyone
already (arrive) __________
12. I will graduate in June. I (see) __________ you in July. By the time I (see)
__________ you, I (graduate) __________.
13. I (visit) __________ my uncle’s home regularly when I (be) __________ a child.
14. That book (be) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not read) _________ it yet?
15. David (wash) __________ his hands. He just (repair) __________ the TV set.
16. You (be) __________here before? Yes, I (spend) __________ my holidays here last
year.
17. We never (meet) __________ him. We don’t know what he (look) __________ like.
18. The car (be) __________ ready for him by the time he (come) __________tomorrow.
19. On arriving at home I (find) __________that she just (leave) __________a few
minutes before.
20. When we (arrive) __________ in London tonight, it probably (rain) __________.
21. It (rain) __________ hard. We can’t do anything until it (stop) __________
22. Last night we (watch) __________TV when the power (fail) __________.
23. That evening we (stay) __________up to talk about the town where he (live)
__________for some years.
24. I (sit) __________down for a rest while the shoes (repair) __________.
25. Half way to the office Paul (turn) __________round and (go) __________back home
because he (forget) __________to turn the gas off.
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26. London (change) __________a lot since we first (come) __________ to live here.
27. While we (talk) __________on the phone the children (start) __________fighting and
(break) __________a window
28. He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) __________ in
his life.
29. You know she (stand) __________looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes.
30. I (spend) __________ a lot of time travelling since I (get) __________this new job.
31. When we (be) __________ at school we all (study) __________Latin.
32. When I (meet) __________ him, he (work) __________as a waiter for a year.
33. After he (finish) __________ breakfast he (sit) __________down to write some
letters.
34. She (have) __________a hard life, but she’s always smiling.
35. I think Jim (be) __________ out of town.
EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D.

1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London.
A. has lived
B. is living
C. was living
D. has been living
2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday.
A. don’t see
B. haven’t seen
C. didn’t see
D. hadn’t seen
3. The train ______ half an hour ago.
A. has been leaving
B. left
C. has left
D. had left
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4. Jack ______ the door.

A. has just painted
B. paint
C. will have painted
D. painting
5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday.
A. is looking
B. was looking
C. has been looking
D. looked
6. I ______ Texas State University now.
A. am attending
B. attend
C. was attending
D. attended
7. He has been selling motorbikes ________.
A. ten years ago
B. since ten years
C. for ten years ago
D. for ten years
8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago.
A. discovered
B. has discovered
C. had discovered
D. had been discovering
9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church.
A. run
B. runs
C. was running
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D. had run
10. We _______ there when our father died.
A. still lived
B. lived still
C. was still lived
D. was still living
11. They ______ table tennis when their father comes back home.
A. will play
B. will be playing
C. play
D. would play
12. By Christmas, I _______ for Mr. Smith for six years.
A. will have been working
B. will work
C. have been working
D. will be working
13. I _______ in the room right now.
A. am being
B. was being
C. have been being
D. am
14. I ______ to New York three times this year.
A. have been
B. was
C. were
D. had been
15. I’ll come and see you before I _______ for the States.
A. leave
B. will leave
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C. have left
D. shall leave
16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend.
A. has happened
B. happened
C. had happened
D. would have been happened
17. John ______ a book when I saw him.
A. is reading
B. read
C. was reading
D. reading
18. He said he _______ return later.
A. will
B. would
C. can
D. would be
19. Jack ________ the door.
A. has just opened
B. open
C. have opened
D. opening
20. I have been waiting for you ______ .
A. since early morning
B. since 9 a.m
C. for two hours
D. All are correct
21. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived.
A. leave
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B. left
C. leaves
D. had left
22. By the age of 25, he ______ two famous novels.
A. wrote
B. writes
C. has written
D. had written
23. When her husband was in the army, Mary ______ to him twice a week.
A. was reading B. wrote C. was written D. had written
24. I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower ______ a few days previously.
A. broke down B. has been broken
C. had broken down D. breaks down
25. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to play.
A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying
26. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him.
A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left
27. After I _______ lunch, I looked for my bag.
A. had B. had had C. have has D. have had
28. By the end of next year, George _______ English for two years.
A. will have learned B. will learn
C. has learned D. would learn
29. The man got out of the car, ________ round to the back and opened the book.
A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk
30. Henry _______ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner.
A. was going B. went C. has gone D. did go
31. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ______ dinner.
A. finish B. finishes C. will finish D. finishing
32. I will be glad if he _______ with us.
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A. had gone B. did go C. went D. goes

33 Ask her to come and see me when she _______ her work.
A. finish B. has finished C. finished D. finishing
34. Turn off the gas. Don’t you see that the kettle ________ ?
A. boil B. boils C. is boiling D. boiled
35. Tom and Mary ______ for Vietnam tomorrow.
A. leave B. are leaving C. leaving D. are left
36. He always ________ for a walk in the evening.
A. go B. is going C. goes D. going
37. Her brother ______ in Canada at present.
A. working B. works C. is working D. work
38. I ______ to the same barber since last year.
A. am going B. have been going C. go D. had gone
39. Her father ______ when she was a small girl.
A. dies B. died C. has died D. had died
40. Last week, my professor promised that he ________ today.
A. would come B. will come C. comes D. coming
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EXERCISE 3: Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D ) that
needs correcting.
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EXERCISE 4: Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same
meaning as the given one.
1. Eight years ago we started writing to each other.
A. We have rarely written to each other for eight years.
B. Eight years is a long time for us to write to each other.
C. We wrote to each other eight years ago.
D. We have been writing to each other for eight years.
2. The boy was so lazy that he couldn’t stay up late to learn his lessons.
A. The boy was lazy enough not to stay up late to learn his lessons.
B. The boy was too lazy to stay up late to learn his lessons.
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C. The boy was lazy enough but he stayed up late to learn his lessons.
D. The boy was lazy enough to stay up late to learn his lessons.
3. My father is tired of seeing any violent films.
A. My father hasn’t seen a violent film.
B. My father has enjoyed all the violent films he has ever seen.
C. My father is worried about missing the next violent film.
D. My father never wants to see another violent film.
4. As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away.
A. He saw her turn away and he waved his hand.
B. No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away.
C. She turned away because he waved his hand too early.
D. Although she turned away, he waved his hand.
5. John wishes he had remembered to send Mary a Christmas card.
A. John regrets not to send Mary a Christmas card.
B. John regrets forgetting not to send Mary a Christmas card.
C. John regrets not remembering sending Mary a Christmas card.
D. John regrets forgetting to send Mary a Christmas card.
6. My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month.
A. It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes.
B. It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes.
C. It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes.
D. It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago.
7. Having finished their work, the workers expected to be paid.
A. The workers expected to be paid because they had finished their work.
B. Having their work finishing, the workers expected to be paid.
C. Having expected to be paid, the workers finished their work.
D. Having been finished their work, the workers expected to be paid.
8. Mr. Brown bought this car five years ago.
A. Mr. Brown started to buy this car for five years.
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B. It has been five years when Mr. Brown has bought this car.
C. Mr. Brown has had this car for five years.
D. It is five years ago since Mr. Brown has bought this car.
9. John used to write home once a week when he was abroad.
A. John doesn’t write home once a week any longer.
B. John enjoyed being written home every week when he was abroad.
C. John never forgot to write a weekly letter home when he was abroad.
D. When he was abroad he remembered to write home every week.
10. I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years.
A. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much.
B. It’s years since I have enjoyed myself so much.
C. It was years since I had enjoyed myself so much.
D. It has been years since I have enjoyed myself so much.
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LET’S SPEAK 2:
TALK ABOUT YOUR FAMILY
1. Do you have a large or small family?

2. How much time do you spend with your family?
3. What do you like to do together as a family?
4. Do you get along well with your family?
5. Is yours a typical family?
6. Are there many different types of family in your country?
7. Who are you closest to in your family?
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IX. MAKING QUESTIONS

ĐẶT CÂU HỎI VỚI TỪ ĐỂ HỎI
ĐẶT CÂU HỎI YES/NO
HỎI VỚI TỪ ĐỂ HỎI

- When? - Time => Hỏi thông tin về thời gian
- Where? - Place => Hỏi thông tin về nơi chốn
- Who? - Person => Hỏi thông tin về người
- Why? - Reason => Hỏi lý do
- How? - Manner => Hỏi cách thức, phương thức
- What? – Object / Idea / Action =>Hỏi về vật / ý kiến / hành động
❖ MORE SPECIFIC
- Which (one)? - Choice of alternatives => Hỏi thông tin về sự lựa chọn
- Whose? - Possession => Hỏi thông tin về sở hữu
- Whom? - Person (objective formal) => Hỏi về người (ở dạng tân ngữ)
- How much? - Price, amount (non-count) => Hỏi về giá cả, lượng (không đếm
được)
- How many? - Quantity (count) => Hỏi về lượng (đếm được)
- How long? - Duration => Hỏi về thời gian
- How often? - Frequency => Hỏi về mức độ thường xuyên
- How far? - Distance => Hỏi về khoảng cách
- What kind (of)?- Description => Yêu cầu mô tả thông tin
HỎI CÓ TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ:

Từ để hỏi + auxiliary verb (be/ do/ have) + S + V + …
- How did Maria get to school today?
- When did he move to London
- Why did she leave so early?
- How does Sarah find my password ?
- When are you leaving this place?
- Why did she talk to me like that?
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HỎI KHÔNG CÓ TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ

When/What/Who/Which/Whose + (O) + V
• What fell off the wall?

(Cái gì mới rơi khỏi bức tường?)
• Who told you that?
(Ai nói với em vậy?)
• Whose phone rang?
(Điện thoại của ai đổ chuông đó?)
• Something happened yesterday => What happened yesterday?
• Someone saw you at the cinema => Who saw me at the cinema?
❖ HỎI PHỨC
S + V + question word ( từ để hỏi) + S + V
Frank can’t find out why her daughter was so impolite in front of everybody yesterday.
I haven’t ascertained where we will go next year.
Trợ động từ + S + V + question word + S + V
Does she know when you came back?
Could you tell us how we can go to the museum?
Can you tell her how far your school is from her house?
He has no idea how much money I will spend.
Do you know how often the bus runs at night?
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CÂU HỎI YES/NO
❖ HỎI VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ TOBE
TOBE + SUBJECT + (N/N-PHRASE/ADJ)
➢ Is she beautiful?
(Cô ấy có đẹp không?)
➢ Are they pencils?
(Chúng có phải là những cây viết chì không?)
➢ Was the test difficult, Rachel?
(Bài kiểm tra có khó không, Rachel?)
❖ HỎI VỚI TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ
Thì Cấu trúc Ví dụ
Hiện tại đơn: thêm trợ động Do/does + S + V Does your father go to work?
từ do/does trước chủ từ, động từ (bare) + … (Ba của bạn có đi làm không?)
ở dạng nguyên mẫu V-bare.
Quá khứ đơn: thêm trợ động Did + S + V (bare) + Did you tell Mary that the shop
từ did trước chủ từ, động từ ở … was closed?
dạng nguyên mẫu V-bare. (Cô nói với Mary việc cửa hàng đã
đóng cửa chưa?)
Tương lai đơn: thêm trợ động Will + S + V (bare) Will you come back home after
từ will trước chủ từ, động từ ở +… work?
dạng nguyên mẫu V-bare. (Bạn sẽ về nhà sau giờ làm chứ?)
Các thì hoàn thành: thêm trợ Have/ has/ had + S Have you finished your
động từ have/has/had trước chủ + V3/-ed homework yet?
từ, động từ trong câu ở (Con đã làm bài tập về nhà xong
dạng V3/-ed chưa)
❖ HỎI VỚI MODAL VERBS
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Modal verbs (động từ khiếm khuyết) + S + V(bare) + O … ?
• Could you show me your passport, please?

(Cảm phiền cho tôi xem hộ chiếu của bạn?)
• Will you come to my house with your children?
(Bạn sẽ đến nhà tôi cùng lũ trẻ chứ?)
❖ HỎI ĐUÔI
• He should stay in bed, shouldn’t he? (Anh ấy nên ở yên trên giường, có phải
không?)
• She has been studying English for two years, hasn’t she?
• There are only twenty-eight days in February, aren’t there?
• It’s raining now, isn’t it? (Trời vẫn còn mưa, phải không?)
• You and I talked with the professor yesterday, didn’t we?
• You won’t be leaving for now, will you?
• Jill and Joe haven’t been to VN, have they?
BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU QUESTIONS
Make questions for the underlined words or phrases
1. The dictionary is 200,000dong.

...............................................................................................................................................
2. I made it from a piece of wood.
...............................................................................................................................................
3. She bought it at the shop over there.
...............................................................................................................................................
4. No, I wasn’t. (I was tired after the trip.)
...............................................................................................................................................
5. It took her three hours to finish the composition.
...............................................................................................................................................
6. I need a phone card to phone my parents.
...............................................................................................................................................
7. It’s about 1,500 km from Hue to Ho Chi Minh City.
...............................................................................................................................................
8. The bank is opposite the restaurant.
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...............................................................................................................................................
9. The dress looked very nice.
...............................................................................................................................................
10. I saw her last night.
...............................................................................................................................................
11. Her neighbor gave her a nice dress.
...............................................................................................................................................
12. They returned to America two weeks ago.
...............................................................................................................................................
13. Mrs. Robinson bought a poster.
...............................................................................................................................................
14. My father was in Ha Noi last month.
...............................................................................................................................................
15. He traveled to Nha Trang by coach.
...............................................................................................................................................
16. She went to the doctor because she was sick.
...............................................................................................................................................
17. Nam left home at 7 o'clock yesterday.
...............................................................................................................................................
18. He taught English in the high school.
...............................................................................................................................................
19. The homework was very difficult yesterday.
...............................................................................................................................................
20. She often does the housework after doing exercises.
...............................................................................................................................................
21. They are planting some roses in the garden.
...............................................................................................................................................
22. Liz will send these letters to her friends.
...............................................................................................................................................
23. My favorite subject is Math.
...............................................................................................................................................
24. Yes, we do. (We have magazines and newspapers)
...............................................................................................................................................
25. I often listen to music in my free time.
...............................................................................................................................................
26. Yes, he is. (He is good at drawing)
...............................................................................................................................................
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27. She learns about computers in computer science class.

...............................................................................................................................................
28. My mother is cooking in the kitchen at the moment.
...............................................................................................................................................
29. Lan likes playing table tennis.
...............................................................................................................................................
30. I go to the movies twice a week.
...............................................................................................................................................
31. They go to the beach on the summer holidays.
.....................................................................................................................................
32. They stay in a hotel.
.....................................................................................................................................
Write questions for the underlined words.
1.- The children swam in the lake.

………………………………………………………………………………………
2.- The glass fell of the table.
………………………………………………………………………………………
3.- They saw lions and tigers at the zoo.
………………………………………………………………………………………
4.- He left the party at 11.o’clock.
………………………………………………………………………………………
5.- John went to the beach last Sunday.
………………………………………………………………………………………
6.- He gave her a bunch of flowers for her birthday.
………………………………………………………………………………………
7.- The company sent the new worker to California.
………………………………………………………………………………………
8.- My sister dreamt about the monster last night.
………………………………………………………………………………………
9.- My grandmother heard a loud scream last night.
………………………………………………………………………………………
10.- We went to the History Museum.
………………………………………………………………………………………
11.- He fell because he slipped on a banana peel.
………………………………………………………………………………………
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12- The teacher was angry because he didn’t do his homework.

………………………………………………………………………………………
13.- It took us about half an hour to get to school.
………………………………………………………………………………………
14.- She last rode a bike two weeks ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………
15.- I bought half a kilo of cheese.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
16.- He took his driving test two days ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………
17.- He met Linda for coffee.
………………………………………………………………………………………
18.- I was born in 1964.
………………………………………………………………………………………
19.- My cousin started sailing six months ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………
20.- I went to the cinema with my cousins.
………………………………………………………………………………………
21.- I stayed in New Zealand for six months.
………………………………………………………………………………………22.-
She called the firemen because her cat stuck in a tree.
………………………………………………………………………………………
23.- I bought two kilos of oranges.
………………………………………………………………………………………
24.- John wrote about his grandparents.
………………………………………………………………………………………
25.- I watched a very good film on TV last night.
………………………………………………………………………………………
26.- She made some coffee for her mother.
………………………………………………………………………………………
27.- Susan gave the money to her brother.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
28.- We went to school by bus.
………………………………………………………………………………………
29.- I was tired yesterday evening because I worked very hard.
………………………………………………………………………………………
30.- Mary invited a lot of people to the party.
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………………………………………………………………………………………
31.- No, we didn’t go to the cinema last night.
………………………………………………………………………………………
32.- Shakira grew up in Colombia.
………………………………………………………………………………………
33.- He went on holiday with his friends.
………………………………………………………………………………………
34.- She didn’t do anything.
………………………………………………………………………………………
35.- I borrowed my teacher’s dictionary.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
36.- Someone gave some money to Mike.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
37.- Someone helped John with his homework yesterday.
………………………………………………………………………………………
38.- Shakespeare died in 1616.
………………………………………………………………………………………
39.- He didn’t dance at the disco because he was tired.
………………………………………………………………………………………40.-
She left her suitcase on the train.
………………………………………………………………………………………
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Reading 4: The Right Place

A mother and a baby camel were lying around under a tree.
Then the baby camel asked, “Why do camels have humps?”
The mother camel considered this and said, “We are desert animals so we have the
humps to store water so we can survive with very little water.”
The baby camel thought for a moment then said, “Ok…why are our legs long and
our feet rounded?”
The mama replied, “They are meant for walking in the desert.”
The baby paused. After a beat, the camel asked, “Why are our eyelashes long?
Sometimes they get in my way.”
The mama responded, “Those long thick eyelashes protect your eyes from the
desert sand when it blows in the wind.
The baby thought and thought. Then he said, “I see. So the hump is to store water
when we are in the desert, the legs are for walking through the desert and these eye lashes
protect my eyes from the desert then why in the Zoo?”
The Lesson: Skills and abilities are only useful if you are in the right place at the
right time. Otherwise they go to waste.
Question:
Give your opinions on this story.
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X. PURPOSE
- TO
- IN ORDER TO + VERB INFINITIVE
- SO AS TO
(talk about someone's intention or goal, about why they are doing something)
In order to is a bit more formal
❖ Dạng khẳng định:
• He is looking for a part time job to save some pocket money.

• She wakes up early in order to be on time to work.
• They visited him so as to offer their condolences for the death of his wife.
• I went to London to study English. (NOT: for studying / for study.)
• I'm going home to relax. (NOT: for relaxing / for relax.)
• She sat down to read.
• He went to the library to study.
❖ Dạng phủ định:
• They woke up early in order not to be late.

• She exercises regularly so as not to get fat.
• He helped the new policewoman so as not to fail in her first mission.
FOR + Ving (talk about the function of an object.)
• A camera is for taking photos. (NOT: for take photos.)

• The headphones are for listening to music.
• What's this for? (= what does this do / what is the function or purpose of this
object?)
• This knife is for chopping onions.
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FOR + NOUNS (talk about someone's intentions or goals)
• I went to the shop for milk.

• I went to the shop to buy milk.
• NOT: I went to the shop for buying milk.
• NOT: I went to the shop for buy milk.
IN ORDER FOR (SOMEBODY) + TO DO (SOMETHING)
• They were told that in order for them to keep their jobs, they would have to accept
a cut in pay.
SO
SO THAT + CLAUSE
IN ORDER THAT
We will take lots of blankets so (that) we can keep ourselves warm
I am saving money so that I can buy a new car.
BÀI TẬP:
1. I'm studying very hard at the moment ______pass my exams next month.
2. I bought a dictionary __________ help with my vocabulary.
3. I went to bed early ____________ I wouldn't be tired in the morning.
4. I have to get up early. I set the alarm for five o'clock _________ oversleep.
5. I waited for an hour ___________ I could meet her.
6. Some people do not eat before exercises _________ feel nauseated.
7. Do exercise regularly ________ have excellent health and well-being.
8. My sister gave English lessons _____________ earn some pin money.
9. Jenny is a very nice person. She is always prompt _________ help her friends.
10. They took the taxi __________ waste time.
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11. I'm going to Australia ______________ forget my English.

12. Make sure your bags are tagged __________ you can identify them later.
Rewrite these sentences with in order to/so that
1. He opened the window. He wanted to let fresh air in.
.....................................................................................................................................
2. I took my camera. I wanted to take some photos.
.....................................................................................................................................
3. He studied really hard. He wanted to get better marks.
.....................................................................................................................................
4. Jason learns Chinese. His aim is to work in China.
.....................................................................................................................................
5. I’ve collected money. I will buy a new car.
.....................................................................................................................................
6. Many people left Turkey in 1960s.They wanted to find jobs in Germany.
.....................................................................................................................................
7. She attends to a course. She wants to learn chess.
.....................................................................................................................................
8. Linda turned on the lights. She wanted to see better.
.....................................................................................................................................
9. I will come with you. I want to help you.
.....................................................................................................................................
10. We are going to cinema. We will watch a horror film.
.....................................................................................................................................
11. You must take your umbrella so that you won’t get wet.
.....................................................................................................................................
12. He waited at the counter. He wanted to see her.
.....................................................................................................................................
13. We all put on our coats. We were feeling cold.
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.....................................................................................................................................
14. She’s studying because she wants to become a very important person in life.
.....................................................................................................................................
15. I didn’t want to see them, so I didn’t open the door.
.....................................................................................................................................
16. We went on with the deal because we didn’t want to leave them high and dry at the
last minute.
.....................................................................................................................................
17. I would like to take tomorrow off, as I want to accompany my husband to the doctor.
.....................................................................................................................................
18. They went on a hunger strike because they wanted to get better conditions in jail.
.....................................................................................................................................
19. They bought a country pad because they wished to have some peace and quiet.
.....................................................................................................................................
20. I’ve just bought a CD player, since I want to give it to my daughter for her birthday.
.....................................................................................................................................
21. I have bought some clothes-pegs because I want to hang the washing out.
.....................................................................................................................................
22. He did not want to worry her, so he did not tell her what happened.
.....................................................................................................................................
23. If we want to get there before dark, we must leave now.
.....................................................................................................................................
24. She was very friendly to him because she wanted to nick his wallet.
.....................................................................................................................................
25. They wanted to swipe his walkman, so they mugged him.
.....................................................................................................................................
26. She was taken to the police station because she had lifted some records from the shop
next door.
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.....................................................................................................................................
27. We filled the car up because we didn’t want to run out of petrol.
.....................................................................................................................................
28. I did not want to hear what they were talking about, which is why I put the music
louder.
.....................................................................................................................................
29. I had no intention of talking to him, so I didn’t answer the phone.
.....................................................................................................................................
30. I shut up because I did not want to interfere in matters which had nothing to do with
me.
.....................................................................................................................................
31. He married her because he wanted to spend the rest of his life with her.
.....................................................................................................................................
32. I find it necessary to test you on your French, so you must take an exam tomorrow.
.....................................................................................................................................
33. She hid a tiny microphone in his house because she wanted to spy upon him.
.....................................................................................................................................
34. I put out the central heating because I did not want to waste fuel.
.....................................................................................................................................
35. She set off for Paris before sunrise because she wanted to be there by midday.
.....................................................................................................................................
36. She wants him to go with her on holiday, so she’s helping him with his project.
.....................................................................................................................................
37. These brave men and women gave their lives because they wanted the humankind to
have a better world.
.....................................................................................................................................
38. I’ll give you some money because you will have to pay for the bus.
.....................................................................................................................................
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39. He did not send her any letter, phone her or write to her. He did not want her to know
he was alive.
.....................................................................................................................................
40. We are leaving early in the morning. We want to arrive there by noon.
.....................................................................................................................................
41. We put the lights off, as we didn’t want anybody to know that we were in.
.....................................................................................................................................
42. The bank has employed some security guards because they do not want to be held up
again.
.....................................................................................................................................
43. They didn’t make out an invoice because they did not want us to pay VAT.
.....................................................................................................................................
44. She left her purse at home because she was afraid that somebody might steal it.
.....................................................................................................................................
45. She wanted him to know she was at home, so she put on some music.
.....................................................................................................................................
46. I hailed a cab because I didn’t want to be late.
.....................................................................................................................................
47. I’ve phoned them because I want to have my flat furnished.
.....................................................................................................................................48. He
kept still for almost an hour because he was afraid that the enemy could see him.
.....................................................................................................................................
49. I tore them off a strip because I did not want it to happen again.
.....................................................................................................................................
50. I brought the electric drill because I wanted to hang a picture here.
.....................................................................................................................................
51. He settled the bill at once because he didn’t want to be surcharged for late payment.
.....................................................................................................................................
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52. They walled the swimming-pool because they did not want their children to fall into it
and drown.
.....................................................................................................................................
53. I don’t want you to forget me, so I’ll give you a photograph of me.
.....................................................................................................................................
54. They didn’t want to go hungry, so they took a lot of food with them.
.....................................................................................................................................
55. She vaccinated her children against smallpox because she did not want them to catch
it.
.....................................................................................................................................
56. I went to live in the country because I did not want anybody to disturb me.
.....................................................................................................................................
57. She did not want anyone to beat her children, so she taught them self-defence.
.....................................................................................................................................
58. I read a lot of German books because I want to improve my German.
.....................................................................................................................................
59. They shot him dead because they wanted to make sure that he could not betray them.
.....................................................................................................................................
60. He did not want anybody to know his real identity, so he gave them a false name.
.....................................................................................................................................
61. We need a tennis ball. We want to play with it.
.....................................................................................................................................
62. He read her one of his poems because he wanted to impress her.
.....................................................................................................................................
63. He didn’t want them to bully him, so he stood up to them.
.....................................................................................................................................
Reading 5: Busy is the New Stupid
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I'll attempt to make this a short post, because you're busy, and I'm busy too. Really
busy. It's one of the primary ways we let people know we are important. Because if we
aren't busy then we aren't important, right?
WRONG.
I've found that the most productive and successful people I've ever met are busy,
but you wouldn't know it. They find time that others don't. And while you may not get
much of their time, when you do you get undivided attention. They are fully present and
maximize every moment of the interaction. No multi-tasking because that's as bad as
blowing you off all together.
For most of us, we waste time. We invest our precious time on things that we
shouldn't. And that means we have less hours to invest wisely, on things that do matter.
That might be improving our professional skills, pursuing a tremendous business
opportunity, investing in a hobby, or simply spending more time with the people we love.
Why do most of us waste time and then make every attempt to express to others
how busy we are? Because as a society we've come to glorify busy. We've all been
tricked into believing that if we are busy we are important. But that's not true.
Busy isn't cool. In fact, BUSY IS THE NEW STUPID.
Being busy makes us hurried, creates short-sightedness, expands blind spots,
increases careless mistakes and results in missed opportunities that we can't get back.
Busyness creates more woulda, coulda and shoulda than anything else in our life - which
ultimately leads to regret. And regret sucks.
Regret for the things we did can be tempered by time; it is regret for the things
we did not do that is inconsolable.
- Sydney J. Harris
So the next time you find yourself apologetically telling someone that you would
liked to have met them, responded to them, or just acknowledged their existence but
couldn't because you've been so busy, consider the REAL message(s) you're sending
them:
1. My time is more important than yours.
2. I'm not very good at prioritizing my time.
3. I want you to judge me based on how busy I am, not how productive I am.
4. You aren't a priority, or at least what you want to speak with me about isn't
a priority.
I spoke to a colleague (thanks Greg Roche) about this very issue and how we
might avoid glorifying our busyness and the importance we place on it. The world is in
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perpetual do-more-with-less mode and that means it's easy for all of us to fall into the
trap of becoming busy. Just speak to someone a generation or two older than you to
confirm that the world moves much faster than it used to, and that the pace of change
continues to increase with each passing day, month and year. Well, my colleague offered
me a simple suggestion on how to curb my personal glorification of busy when
interacting with family, friends and colleagues.
Instead of using "I've been busy" as an excuse for your lack of responsiveness,
instead simply say "it's not a priority for me".
Because that's what you're really saying.
Doing so will definitely set the cat amidst the pigeons and cause you to reflect
heavily on whether you should have prioritized differently! To opt instead for the
mainstream response of apologizing and saying your busy is just plain weak, and
probably constitutes a little white lie. Because you could have chosen not to invest the
last two hours catching up on email or sitting in worthless meetings. Because you could
have chosen not to watch the last episode of Game of Thrones, or not taken that walk to
play Pokemon Go and capture two more fictitious characters. You get the picture.
I've started to adopt this practice and it's highlighted for me the importance of
prioritizing my time, and not using the excuse that I've been too busy. Telling someone
straight up that they aren't a priority is a lot harder. Saying "it isn't a priority" also doesn't
glorify your busyness and imply that your time is more valuable than theirs.
Try it out and see if it drives different behavior from you - it certainly has for me.
Ed Baldwin, SPHR GPHR
Human Resources Leader | Talent Consultant
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XI. PASSIVE VOICE

4 thì hiện tại
S+ Vo + O S + TOBE (are/is/am) + V3
S + IS/ARE/AM + VING + O S + TOBE + BEING + V3
S+ HAVE/HAS+ V3 + O S + HAVE/HAS +BEEN + V3
S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + Ving + O S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + BEING + V3
4 thì quá khứ

S+ V2 + O S + TOBE (were/was) + V3
S + WAS/WERE + VING + O S + was/were+ being + V3
S+ HAD+ V3 + O S + HAD + BEEN + V3
S + HAD + BEEN + Ving + O S + HAD + BEEN + being + V3
4 thì tương lai

S+ will + Vo + O S + will + be + V3
S + will be + VING + O S + will be + being + V3
S+ will have+ V3 + O S + will have + been + V3
S + will have been + Ving + O S + will have been + being + V3
Be going to/ modal verbs

S + am/is/are + going to + Vo + O S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3 + by + O
S + model verb + Vo + O S + model verb + be + V3 + by + O

S + modal Verb + have +V3 S + modal Verb + have been +V3
SUBJECT + V+ OBJECT
SUBJECT + BE + V3 + BY + OBJECT
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BÀI TẬP:
CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG
1. All bottles ______ before transportation.
A. frozen B. is frozen C. was frozen D. were frozen
2. Everything that _____ __ remained a secret.
A. had be overheard B. had been overheard
C. had been overheared D. would had been overheard
3. Everything ___________.
A. were forbidden B. is forbidden C. is forbidded D. are forbidden
4. Everything______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
A. are going to be forgotten B. is going to be forgotten
C. is going to be forgot D. were going to be forgotten
5. I___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
A. have not given the money B. have not been given the money
C. have not been give the money D. have not be given the money
6. It _____ for years.
A. has not be known B. had not been known
C. had not be known D. have not been known
7. It _____ __ that learning English is easy.
A. are said B. said C. is said D. is sayed
8. John and Ann______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
A. were not B. were not misleeded C. was not D. were not
9. Our horses _____
A. are well B. are well fed C. is well D. is well
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10. Peter and Tom _____ __ in an accident yesterday.

A. is hurt B. is hurted C. were hurt D. were hurted
11. South Florida and HawaiI _____ __ by a hurricane.
A. is hit B. have been hit
C. have are hit D. has been hit
12. The battles _________ for liberation.
A. had be fought B. had been fighted
C. had been fought D. has been fought
13. We can‘t go along here because the road........................
A. is repairing B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. repairs
14. The story I‘ve just read______ _ Agatha Christie.
A. was written B. was written by
C. was written from D. wrote by
15. I‘m going to go out and_____ __
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut
C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut
16. Something funny____ _ in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happened
C. happens D. is happened
17. Many US automobiles______ _ in Detroit, Michigan
A. manufacture B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
18. A lot of pesticide residue can_____ __ unwashed produce.
A. find B. found
C. be finding D. be found
19. We_________ by a loud noise during the night.
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A. woke up B. are woken up

C. were woken up D. were waking up
20. Some film stars_________ difficult to work with.
A. are said be B. are said to be
C. say to be D. said to be
21. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don‘t enjoy______ _ at.
A. be laughed B. to be laughed
C. laughing D. being laughed
22. Today, many serious childhood diseases_____ __ by early immunization. [ sự
miễn dịch]
A. are preventing B. can prevent
C. prevent D. can be prevented
23. Do you get your heating______ _ every year?
A. checking B. check
C. be checked D. checked
24. Bicycles_____ __ in the driveway.
A. must not leave B. must not be leaving
C. must not be left D. must not have left
25. Beethoven‘s Fifth Symphony_____ next weekend. [Symphony: khúc giao hưởng]
A. is going to be performed B. has been performed
C. will be performing D. will have perform
26. All bottles_____ __ before transportation.
A. frozen B. were froze
C. were frozen D. are froze
27. ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. yet?
A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed
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28. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore
where _________ for administration, broadcasting and education.
A. is used B. it is used
C. used D. being used
29. The telephones_____ __ by Alexander Graham Bell.
A. is invented B. is inventing
C. invented D. was invented
30. Lots of houses_________ by the earthquake.
A. are destroying B. destroyed
C. were destroyed D. is destroyed
31. Gold_____ __ in California in the 19th century.
A. was discovered B. has been discovered
C. was discover D. they discover
32. The preparation______ _ by the time the guest______ _
A. had been finished - arrived B. have finished- arrived
C. had finished-were arriving D. have been finished- were
arrived
33. The boy______ _ by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished
34. ―Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon‖_ ―They‘ve already ______, sir .
They‘re on your desk.‖
A. typed B. been being typed
C. being typed D. been typed
35. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It_____ _ _ of cotton.
A. be made B. are made
C. is made D. made
36. They had a boy _____ __ that yesterday.
A. done B. to do
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C. did D. do
37. We got our mail _____ __ yesterday.
A. been delivered B. delivered
C. delivering D. to deliver
38. James…….. the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell B. should be told
C. should told D. should be telled
39. My wedding ring _____ __ yellow and white gold.
A. is made B. is making
C. made D. make
40. Mr. Wilson is _____ __ as Willie to his friend.
A. known B. knew
C. is known D. know
41. References _________ in the examination room.
A. not are used B. is not used
C. didn‘t used D. are not used
42. Laura ___ _ _ in Boston.
A. are born B. were born
C. was born D. born
43. His car needs ______ _
A. be fixed B. fixing
C. to be fixing D. fixed
44. Her watch needs _________.
A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B
45. My mother is going ______ _ this house.
A. sold B. sell
C. to be sold D. to sell
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46. There‘s somebody behind us. I think we are _________.

A. being followed B. are followed
C. follow D. following
47. Have you ______ _ by a dog?
A. bite B. bit
C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit
48. The room is being _____ __ at the moment.
A. was cleaned B. cleaned
C. cleaning D. clean
49. It _____ __ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected B. expected
C. are expected D. was expected
50. It is _________ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported B. reports
C. reported D. reporting
51. He was said _________ this building.
A. designing B. to have designed
C. to design D. designed
52. Ted ______ _ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting B. got stung
C. get stung D. gets stung
53. These tennis courts don‘t _________ very often. Not many people want to play.
A. got used B. used C. get used D. get
use
54. I‘ll get Minh _____ __ this for you.
A. do B. done
C. did D. to do
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55. Those letters _____ __ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing B. needn't be typed
C. need to type D. needn't typing
56. ―What a beautiful dress you are wearing‖ - ―thanks, it______ _ especially for
me by a French tailor. ‖
A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made
57. Somebody cleans the room every day.
A. The room every day is cleaned.
B. The room is every day cleaned.
C. The room is cleaned every day.
D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day.
58. People don‘t use this road very often.
A. This road is not used very often.
B. Not very often this road is not used.
C. This road very often is not used.
D. This road not very often is used.
59. How do people learn languages?
A. How are languages learned?
B. How are languages learned by people?
C. How languages are learned?
D. Languages are learned how?
60. Over 1500 new houses ______ _ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses ____
A. were built/ were built
B. are built/ were built
C. are building / were built
D. were built/ were being built
61. Tom bought that book yesterday.
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A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday.

B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom.
C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom
D. That book was bought yesterday.
62. The new computer system _______ next month.
A. is be installed
B. is being installed
C. is been installed
D. is being installed by people
Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động

1. Mary types letters in the office.
2. His father will help you tomorrow.
3. Science and technology have completely changed human life.
4. Peter broke this bottle.
5. They are learning English in the room.
6. Nothing can change my mind.
7. No one had told me about it.
8. I don’t know her telephone number
9. My students will bring the children home.
10. They sent me a present last week.
11. She gave us more information.
12. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.
13. They can’t make tea with cold water.
14. Somebody has taken some of my books away.
15. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
16. They have to repair the engine of the car.
17. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
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18. People spend a lot of money on advertising every day.

19. Teacher is going to tell a story.
20. Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife.
21. The children looked at the woman with a red hat.
22. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
23. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
24. You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m.
25. After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board.
Chuyển các câu hỏi dạng đảo Có/Không sang câu bị động
26. Do they teach English here?

27. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
28. Has Tom finished the work?
29. Did the teacher give some exercises?
30. Have they changed the window of the laboratory?
31. Is she going to write a poem?
32. Is she making big cakes for the party?
33. Are the police making inquires about the thief?
34. Must we finish the test before ten?
35. Will buses bring the children home?
36. Have you finished your homework?
Chuyển các câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng từ hỏi “H/WH” sau sang câu bị động
37. Why didn’t they help him?

38. How many games has the team played?
39. Where do people speak English?
40. Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
41. How can they open this safe?
42. What books are people reading this year?
43. How did the police find the lost man?
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44. Who look after the children for you?

45. How long have they waited for the doctor?
46. What time can the boys hand in their papers?
47. Who lend you this book?
48. How many marks does the teacher give you?
Chuyển các câu có 2 tân ngữ sau sang câu bị động
49. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.

50. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books.
51. Someone will tell him that news.
52. They have sent enough money to those poor boys.
53. They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote.
Chuyển các câu với động từ tường thuật sau sang câu bị động
54. They think that he has died a natural death.

55. Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
56. They say that John is the brightest student in class.
57. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
58. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
59. They declared that she won the competition.
60. They rumored the man was still living.
61. People think that Jack London’s life and writing’s represent the American love of
adventure.
62. They reported that the troops were coming.
63. People believed that the earth stood still.
Chuyển các câu với động từ chỉ nhận thức sau sang câu bị động
64. I have heard her sing this song several times.

65. People saw him steal your car.
66. The teacher is watching the work.
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67. He won’t let you do that silly thing again.

68. People don’t make the children work hard.
69. They made him work all day.
70. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag.
71. The terrorists made the hostages lie down.
72. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route.
73. She helps me to do all these difficult exercises.
Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
74. Toshico had her car (repair) by a mechanic.

75. Ellen got Marvin (type) her paper.
76. We got our house (paint) last week.
77. Dr Byrd is having the students (write ) a composition.
78. Mark got his transcripts (send) to the university.
79. Maria is having her hair (cut) tomorrow.
80. Will Mr. Brown have the porter (carry) his luggage to his car?
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LET’S SPEAK 3:
TALK ABOUT YOUR HOME TOWN
-Where you come from?

- What is your hometown famous for?
- What about the food?
- What about famous places?
- What about people in your hometown?
- How often do you go back home?
SOME STUDENTS PRESENT IN FRONT OF THE CLASS.

AND ALL THE STUDENTS HAVE TO RECORD OR VIDEOTAPE THIS PART
AT HOME.
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Reading 6: 10 Success-Boosting Motivation Tips From Millionaire

Entrepreneurs
Motivation is a daily struggle for entrepreneurs, so I’ve put together these

motivation-boosting tips from 10 of today’s successful entrepreneurs.
1. Fear of failure.
In an article that he wrote for Bloomberg, Mark Cuban stated that he uses the fear
of failure for self-motivation.
“No matter what business you’re in, you’re always at risk -- particularly in
technology, where it changes so rapidly you’ve got to put in the effort to keep up,” writes
the Shark Tank panel member. “There’s always the opportunity for some 18-year-old to
come out of nowhere and crush you—that motivates the hell out of me.”
“Every one of my companies, whether something I started or something I invested
in, is a scoreboard. How am I doing? A lot of investors or advisers play it as a numbers
game.”
“If they invest in 20 companies, as long as one success covers 19 losses, they did
OK. I look at every loss as a huge failure. I had an investment go bad recently. I lost $1.5
million on it. It pisses me off to no end."
Failed at something? Ask these Mark Cuban questions.
"You can also use it as motivation. What did I do wrong? Who did I trust that I
shouldn’t trust? What can I learn from this situation so I can avoid it next time?”
2. Do what you’re passionate for.
This is the key. However, as Chalmers Brown, co-founder and CTO of Due writes,
“We want to not only make a lot of money but enjoy what we do as well. We are willing
to take on the risk of unstable pay in exchange for following our dreams.”
“Unfortunately, your dream job may not always be the best decision financially.
Sometimes your hobbies are best kept as projects in your spare time for fun (which is
great!). If you do want to try to turn your passion into a full-time job, these tips can help
you get started the right way.”
Brown gives the tips below:
• Improve something that you’re already doing.
• Figuring out where market.
• Sharing your passion with others.
• Stay happy and motivated by assigning tasks that you’re not a fan of
to someone else.
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3. Keep affirmations where you can see them.

“It’s so easy as an entrepreneur to get sucked into feeling exhausted or frustrated,
and often the blame is yours alone,” writes Murray Newlands, founder of online
invoicing company Sighted. “But a negative mindset sucks up mental bandwidth and
energy that you need to stay focused and successful.
"It is crucial to maintain an optimistic attitude in the face of setbacks. Whenever
you see a quote or a picture that helps you stay positive, place it front and center so you
can remember what this journey is all about.”
4. Leverage the power of rejection.
“On June 26, 2008, our friend Michael Seibel introduced us to seven prominent
investors in Silicon Valley. We were attempting to raise $150,000 at a $1.5M valuation.
That means for $150,000 you could have bought 10 percent of Airbnb."
"Below you will see five rejections. The other two did not reply,” writes Airbnb
Co-Founder Brian Chesky on Medium. “The investors that rejected us were smart people,
and I am sure we didn’t look very impressive at the time.”
Today Airbnb is valued at just under $30 billion.
5. Surround yourself with highly successful and motivated people.
"No one does it alone," said Mark Zuckerberg during a Q&A in 2016. "When you
look at most big things that get done in the world, they're not done by one person, so
you're going to need to build a team."
When building your All-Star team, seek out people who excel in the areas where
you’re not strong or have less experience. "You're going to need people that have
complementary skills," Zuckerberg emphasized. "No matter how talented you are, there
are just going to be things that you don't bring to the table."
6. Never feel sorry yourself.
“All of my best successes came on the heels of a failure, so I’ve learned to look at
each belly flop as the beginning of something good,” said Barbara Corcoran, founder of
The Corcoran Group and Shark on Shark Tank.
“If you just hang in there, you’ll find that something is right around the corner. It’s
that belief that keeps me motivated. I’ve learned not to feel sorry for myself, ever. Just
five minutes of feeling sorry for yourself takes your power away and makes you unable
to see the next opportunity.”
7. Look for inspiration.
Inspiration is a driving force that you can use to motivate you. Lyft Co-Founder
Jordan Zimmerman said that, “Right now, my daughter is a huge inspiration. Thinking
about the future of our cities, the world and what environment she’s going to grow up in.”
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“Also, the driver and passenger stories we hear every day. In a past team meeting,
we had a mother come in and tell the story herself. She is a Lyft driver living in New
York and her daughter is in Los Angeles.
"The daughter was going through a rough living situation with a roommate and
had to leave and move into a new place. The mother called a Lyft for her daughter, had a
quick conversation with the driver and the driver took care of her daughter in this tough
situation.”
“These stories inspire us to think how we can make things more efficient and
create a platform for two people to have a really positive interaction?”
8. Don’t obsess over your vision.
Yes. Think about your vision. But don’t spend too much time over it or it will bog
you down. Elon Musk, for example, only spends around 30 minutes a week on his vision
of SpaceX colonizing Mars. Besides those 30 minutes, Musk spends a majority of his
time focused on the milestones that are the most immediate and critical.
9. Be grateful.
“Most of the time when people ask me about motivation, 80 percent of the time I
attribute it to gratitude. If you want real fuel to win, be grateful,” writes Gary
Vaynerchuk.
“Gratitude is what has gotten me through my toughest moments in business.
Whenever I have lost a deal to a competitor, or an incredible employee, or millions of
dollars in revenue, I default to gratitude. It’s impossible not to stay motivated or get too
down when you’re feeling grateful.”
10. Forget about motivation.
“So many people wait to feel ‘motivated’ before they do anything. Here’s a
newsflash: happy productive people do not wait for motivation, they just get on with it,''
said Marie Forleo. I suggest that you watch the entire video where Marie shares her tips
for motivation. It’s spot-on.
By John Rampton
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XII. IF CLAUSES
(CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
- If you squeeze an icicle in your hands it melts.
- If it rains tomorrow we will stay at home.
- If I were a millionaire I would share the money with you.
- If you hadn't called me last night I would have slept peacefully.
❖ Câu điều kiện loại zero
- Công thức:
IF + S + V/ Vs/Ves, S + V/ Vs/Ves
- Cách dùng: Diễn tả một chân lí, qui luật
- Ex: If water is frozen, it expands.
❖ Câu điều kiện loại 1
- Công thức:
IF + S + V/ Vs/Ves , S + WILL/ CAN/ MAY + Vbare inf
- Cách dùng: Chỉ sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
- Ex: If it is sunny, I will go fishing.
- Công thức:
IF + S + Ved , S + WOULD/ COULD/ MIGHT + Vbare inf
(be luôn dùng were dù chủ từ số ít hay nhiều )
- Cách dùng: Chỉ sự việc không thể hoặc khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
- Ex: If I were you, I would go abroad.
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- Công thức :
IF + S + HAD +P.P , S + WOULD/ COULD/ MIGHT + HAVE + P.P
- Cách dùng: Chỉ sự việc đã không xảy ra ở quá khứ.
- Ex: If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him.
❖ Câu điều kiện loại hỗn hợp
- Công thức:
IF + S + HAD +P.P, S + WOULD + Vbare inf
- Cách dùng: Mệnh đề điều kiện dùng điều kiện loại 3 chỉ điều kiện ngược thực tế ở quá
khứ, còn mệnh đề chính dùng điều kiện loại 2 chỉ kết quả ngược hiện tại.
- Ex: If you had not spent too much yesterday, you would not be broke now.
❖ Câu điều kiện dạng đảo
* Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1:

Should + S + Vbare inf, S + Will + Vbare inf
- Ex: If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. => Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis

Were + S + to + Vbare inf, S + Would + Vbare inf
- Ex: If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. => Were I to learn Russian, I
would read a Russian book

Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + P.P
- Ex: If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. => Had he trained hard, he
would have won the match.
➢ Unless = if … not : trừ phi
* Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có if sang dùng unless:

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- Cách viết lại câu: Unless sẽ thế vào chỗ chữ if, bỏ not, vế kia giữ nguyên.
- Ex: If you don’t speak loudly, he won’t hear.
→ Unless you speak loudly, he won’t hear.
* Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có without sang dùng if:
- Cách viết lại câu: Dùng if…. not…., bên kia giữ nguyên ( tùy theo nghĩa mà có câu cụ
thể)
- Ex: Without your help, I wouldn’t pass the exam. ( không có sự giúp đỡ của bạn ,… )
→ If you didn’t help, I wouldn’t pass the exam. ( nếu bạn không giúp,… )
* Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có Or, otherwise sang dùng if:
- Cách viết lại câu: If you don’t (viết lại, bỏ or, otherwise )
- Ex: Hurry up, or you will be late → If you don’t hurry, you will be late
* Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có But for sang dùng if:
- Cách viết lại câu: Sử dụng If it weren’t for thế cho but for, phần còn lại giữ nguyên
- Ex: But for your help, I would die.
→ If it weren’t for your help, I would die.
Bài tập 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. If we meet at 9:30, we (have) _________________plenty of time.
2. If you (find) _________________ a skeleton in the cellar, don't mention it to anyone.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ( feed) _________________
the animals..
4. If you pass your examination, we (have) _________________a celebration.
5. Lisa would find the milk if she (look) _________________ for it in the fridge.
6. What (happen) _________________if I press this button?
7. The door will be unlocked if you (press)_________________ the green button.
8. I should have voted for her if I (have) _________________ a vote then.
9. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _________________?
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10. If you (swim) _________________ in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
11. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose)
_________________?
12. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) _________________thick.
13. If the milkman (come) _________________, tell him to leave two pints.
14. I (call) _________________ the office if I were you.
15. Someone (sit) _________________on your glasses if you leave them there.
16. You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) _________________so much.
17. What I (do) _________________if I hear the burglar alarm?
18. If you (read) _________________the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have
answered the wrong question.
19. If Mel (ask) _________________ her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
20. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _________________a long ladder.
21. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) _________________mad.
22. If you were made redundant, what you (do) _________________?
23. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) _________________out of petrol here.
24. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _________________ fit to drink.
25. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _________________ you.
26. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) _________________with me.
27. You (not have) _________________ so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
28. If you (wear) _________________ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you.
29. If she (leave) _________________ the fish here, the cat will eat it.
30. You (have) _________________ no trouble at school if you had done your
homework.
31. Unless you (tell) __________________ the truth, I won’t help you.
32. You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) _________________ your wet clothes.
33. If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus, I (not buy) _________________it.
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34. If they (hang) _________________ that picture lower, people would be able to see it.
35. She (be) _________________able to walk faster if she didn’t have such high-heel
shoes.
36. I (bring) _________________ you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
37. If you had touched that electric cable, you (be) _________________ electrocuted.
38. If the story hadn't been true, the newspaper (not print) _________________ it.
39. I (not buy) _________________ things on the installment system if I were you.
40. Dan (arrive) _________________ safe if he drove slowly.
Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống

1. If I __________the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in
life as well as you have.
A. have B. would have C. had had D. should have
2. I __________you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited B. visited
C. had visited D. visit
3. __________more help, I would call my neighbor.
A. needed B. should I need C. I have needed D. I should need
4. __________then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and
trouble over the years.
A. had I known B. did I know C. If I know D. If I would know
5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people __________the
same language?
A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak
6. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, __________this incident
again.
A. I will never mention B. I never mention
C. will I never mention D. I don’t mention
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7. If I had known you were asleep, I __________so much noise when I came in.
A. didn’t make B. wouldn’t have made
C. won’t make D. don’t make
8. Unless you __________all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering
9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I __________it.
A. would have never believed B. don’t believe
C. hadn’t believed D. can’t believe
10. If Jake __________to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree
11. J: “John went to the hospital alone”,
K: “If __________,I would have gone with him”.
A. had he told me B. he had told me
C. he has told me D. he would tell me
12. If you __________, I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to
watch T.V, but I didn’t want to bother you.
A. had studied B-studied C. hadn’t studied D. didn’t study
13. Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?”.
Mary: “If I had needed, I __________you”.
A. would call B. called C. would have called D. will call
14. If someone __________ in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A. comes B. came C. come D. should come
15. “Here’s my phone number”.
“Thanks. I‘ll give you a call if I __________some help tomorrow”
A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed
16. If I didn’t work for an accounting firm, I __________in a bank now.

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A. work B. will work C. have worked D. would work

17. The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions __________improved.
A. was B. is C. were D. had been
18-The education in Japan __________if the basic principles of education had not been
taken into consideration.
A. would go down B. would have gone down
C. went down D. had gone down
19. If there __________, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been enough water B. were enough water
C. would be enough water D. are enough water
20. The patient will not recover unless he __________ an operation.
A. had undergone B. would undergo C. undergoes D. was undergoing
21. If she __________ him, she would be very happy.
A. would meet B. will meet C. met D. should meet
22-If he __________ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this
post.
A. had had B. had C. has D. has had
23. If I had enough money, I__________ abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go C. went D. should have go to
24.The bench would collapse if they __________on it.
A. stood B. stand C. standing D. stands
25-If it __________convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight,
A. be B. is C. was D. were
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XIII. RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
1.1 WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ ngữ/ tân ngữ trong MĐQH.
Ex:
- I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend‘s son.
=> I need to meet the boy who is my friend‘s son.
- The girl is John‘s sister. You saw her at the concert.
=> The girl who you saw at the concert is John’s sister.
1.2 WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH.
Ex:
- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.
=> I know the girl whom I spoke to.
1.3 WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ ngữ /tân ngữ trong MĐQH.
Ex:
- She works for a company. It makes cars
=> She works for a company which makes cars.
- The accident wasn‘t very serious. Daniel saw it.
=> The accident which Daniel saw was very serious.
* Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó – a connector
Ex:
- He passed his exam. This pleased his parents.
=> He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)
1.4 THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định (Mđ không
có dấu phẩy)
Ex:
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- I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend‘s son.

- I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to.
- She works for a company that/ which makes cars.
❖ Notes:
➢ Bắt buộc dùng THAT:
• Sau cụm từ vừa chỉ người và vật, bắt buộc dùng “that”:
Ex:
• He told me the places and people that he had seen in London. We can see the
farmers and their cattle that are going to the field.
➢ Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:

• Sau đại từ bất định: something, anyone, nobody,…hoặc sau “ all, much, none,
little... ” được dùng như đại từ.
Ex:
• I‘ll tell you something that is very interesting.
• All that is mine is yours. / These walls are all that are remains of the city.
• Sau các tính từ so sánh hơn nhất, các từ chỉ thứ tự: only, first, last, second,
next…
Ex:
- This is the most beautiful dress that I‘ve ever had.
- You are the only person that can help us.
• Trong cấu trúc:
It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
It is/was not until + time/clause + that……(mãi tới khi…. thì…)
Ex:
- It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
- It was not until 1990 that she became a member of the team.
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➢ Những trừờng hợp không dùng THAT:

• Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định.
Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. (sai)
• Sau giới từ.
Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale. (sai)
1.5 WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho các danh từ có tính từ sở hữu đi kèm(his-,
her-, its-, their-).
Ex:
- John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
- John found a cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken. (Of which is informal)
- This is the student. I borrowed his book.
=> This is the student whose book I borrowed.
* Các từ chỉ số lượng như (quantifiers): All of, None of, each of, most of, many of,
neither of… → có thể dùng với WHICH / WHOM/ WHOSE trong mệnh đề quan hệ
không xác định:
Ex:
- Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
=> Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn‘t answer most of them.
=> He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn‘t answer
- She has a teddy- bear. Both of its eyes are brown.
=> She has a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes are brown.
❖ NOTES:
➢ Giới từ có thể đứng trước Whom và which.

• In formal written style: prep + which/ whom
Eg:The man about whom you are talking is my brother.
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• In informal style: giới từ thường đứng sau động từ:

Eg: The man whom you are talking about is my brother.
Chú ý:
o Khi ĐTQH làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và giới từ đứng sau
động từ trong mệnh đề thì ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ.
Eg: The picture (which) you are looking at is very expensive.
o Nhưng khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì ta không thể bỏ đại từ quan
hệ:
Eg: The picture at which you are looking is very expensive.
➢ Giới từ không dùng trước That và Who:
➢ Khi động từ trong mệnh đề là Phrasal verbs: không được chuyển giới từ
whom /which:
Eg:
• Did you find the word which you were looking up?
• The child whom I have looked after for a year is very naughty.
• The man whom you are looking forward to is the chairman of the company.
➢ Without luôn đứng trước whom/ which:

Eg:
• The woman without whom I can‘t live is Jane.
• Fortunately we had a map without which we would have got lost.
2. TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ
2.1. WHERE: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc thay cho (in/ at / on... which),
there / here.
Ex:
- The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.
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=> The movie theater is the place where/at which we can see films.
Eg:
- That is the house. We used to live in it.
=> That is the house where we used to live. (= in which)
- This is the table. My teacher put his book on it.
2.2 WHEN: thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian hoặc thay cho (in/ on/at... which), then
Ex:
- Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
=> Do you remember the day when/on which we first met?
Eg:
• That was the time when he managed the company. (= at which)
 Spring is the season when flowers of all kinds are in full bloom. (= in which)
 This is the table where my teacher put his book. (= on which)
2.3 WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do.
Ex:
- Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
=> Tell me the reason why/for which you are so sad.
*Note:
- “Where” có thể được sử dụng mà không cần cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn .
Eg: Put it where we all can see it.
- Không sử dụng giới từ trước “Where, When, Why”.
Eg: The building in where he lives/ where he lives in is very old. (sai)
=> The building in which he lives is very old.
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Đại từ/trạng từ quan hệ Cấu trúc Cách dùng

who N (person) + who + V + O thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
whom N (person) + who + S + V thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
whose N (person, thing) + whose + N + V thay thế cho các đại từ sở hữu her,
which N (thing) + which + V + O his, their, one’s
that N (thing) + which + S + V thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
Why (for which) N (reason) + why + S + V thay thế cho cụm for the/that reason
where (on/in/at which) N (place) + where + S + V để giải thích lý do
when(on/in/at which) N (time) + when + S + V thay thế cho từ chỉ nơi chốn như
TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSE

Defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) Non-defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác
định)
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề được dùng để xác Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm
định danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề xác định là mệnh đề thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được
cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ xác định. Mệnh đề không xác định là mệnh đề không nhất
nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Nó
định và không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách nó với mệnh đề được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác định và được ngăn
chính. cách với mệnh đề chính bằng một hoặc hai dấu phẩy (,) hay
dấu gạch ngang (-).
The man who robbed you has been arrested. That man, who lives next door, looks very lonely.
The book which/that you lent me was very interesting. Sarah, who(m) you met last night, is my girlfriend.
Do you remember the day when we met each other? We went to the Riverside Restaurant, where I once had
lunch with my family.
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3. RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
3.1 RÚT GỌN BẰNG PHÂN TỪ HIỆN TẠI: V-ing

• Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng CHỦ ĐỘNG
Eg:
+ The man who is standing there is my brother.
=> The man standing there is my brother
+ Bill, who wanted to make an impression on Ann, invited her to his house.
=> Bill, wanting to make an impression on Ann, invited her to his house.
* Note: Không nên dùng V-ing để diễn đạt hành động đơn trong quá khứ.
Eg:
+ The police wanted to interview the people who saw the accident.
=> The police wanted to interview the people seeing the accident. (không nên)
But:
+ The people who saw the accident had to report it to the police.
=> The people seeing the accident had to report it to the police.
3.2 RÚT GỌN BẰNG PHÂN TỪ QUÁ KHỨ: V-ed/V3

• Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng BỊ ĐỘNG
Eg:
+ Most of the goods that are made in this factory are exported.
=> Most of the goods made in this factory are exported.
+ Some of the people who have been invited to the party can‘t come.
=> Some of the people invited to the party can‘t come.
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3.3 RÚT GỌN BẰNG to + infinitives (To V/ For sb to V / to be + V3)
• Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây: The ONLY, LAST, FIRST,
NEXT, SECOND...
Ex:
+ This is the only student who can solve the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động)
=> This is the only student to solve the problem.
+ She is the youngest player who won the game.
=> She is the youngest player to win the game.
• ĐTQH là tân ngữ trong mệnh đề, khi muốn diễn đạt mục đích, sự cho phép
Ex:
+ The children need a big yard which they can play in.
=> The children need a big yard to play in.
• Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex:
+ Here is the form that you must fill in.
 Here is the form for you to fill in.
+ There are six letters which have to be written today.(động từ mang nghĩa bị động)
 There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ: Trong phần to-inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
Nếu chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì dùng for sb +to V.
Ex:
+ We have some picture books that children can read.
=> We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ ngữ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... thì
có thể không cần ghi ra.
Ex: + Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about.
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=> Studying abroad is the wonderful thing (for us) to think about.
- Nếu trước relative pronouns có giới từ thì phải đưa giới từ xuống cuối câu.
Ex:
+ We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
=> We have a peg to hang our coat on.
3.4 RÚT GỌN BẰNG Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ/ ngữ đồng vị)
Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng:
Which/ Who+ BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ / CỤM GIỚI TỪ/ TÍNH TỪ
Cách làm: bỏ who, which và be

Ex:
Vo Nguyen Giap, who was the first General of Vietnam, passed away one week ago.
=> VNG, the first general of Vietnam, passed away one week ago.
Ex: We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain.
=> We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain.
BÀI TẬP MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

Choose the best answer.
1. Sunday is the day.......... I go to Water park with my kids.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
2. That was the reason.......... he didn't marry her.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
3. An architect is someone.......... deigns buildings.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
4. The boy to.......... I lent my money is poor.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
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5. The land and the people.......... I have met are nice.

6. I can answer the question.......... you say is very difficult.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
7. This is the place.......... the battle took place ten years ago.
A. which B. in where C. where D. from where
8. Sunday is the day.......... which we usually go fishing.
A. during B. at C. in D. on
9. This is the last time.......... I speak to you.
A. of which B. whose C. that D. which
10. He talked about the books and the authors.......... interested him.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
11. Bondi is the beautiful beach.......... I used to sunbathe.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
12. Dec 26th, 05 was the day.......... the terrible tsunami happened.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
13. The woman.......... lives next my door is doctor.
14. The boy.......... Mary likes is my son.
15. The boy.......... eyes are brown is my son.
16. The table.......... legs are broken should be repaired.
17. The town.......... we are living is noisy and crowded
A. where B. in where C. which D. at which
18. The year.......... we came to live here was 1997
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A. when B. which C. that D. in the time

19. The worker.......... house is next to mine died this morning.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. whose
20. The lady.......... son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
21. Take.......... measures you consider best.
A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. wherever
22........... difficulties you may encounter, I'm sure you'll succeed.
A. how B. whatever C. however D. how great
23. He is the only friend.......... I like.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
24. I didn't get the job.......... which I applied.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
25. The man.......... whom she is married has been married twice before.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
26. I wasn't interested in the things.......... which they were talking.
A. in B. on C. at D. about
27. The bed.......... which I slept was too soft.
28. The party.......... which we went wasn't very enjoyable.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
29. The flight.......... which we wanted to travel was fully booked.
30. She is the most beautiful girl.......... ever lived.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. that
31. The decision was postponed,.......... was exactly what he wanted.
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32. All the people.......... have gone into the room are still young.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. that
33. Jack has three brothers, all of.......... are married.
34. They gave us a lot of information, most of.......... was useless.
35. There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of.......... I had met before.
A. who B. whom C. them D. that
36.. I have sent him two letters, neither of.......... has arrived.
A. who B. them C. which D. that
37. John won $600, half of.......... he gave to his parents.
A. whom B. which C. that D. it
38. Ten people applied for the job, none of.......... were suitable.
A. who B. whom C. them D. that
39. Jill isn't on the phone,.......... makes it difficult to contact her.
A. which B. that C. who D. it
40. Bob is the kind of person to.......... one can talk about anything.
A. who B. whom C. that D. him
41. He is a person.......... friends trust him.
A. who B. whose C. his D. that
42. Your career should focus on a field in................ you are genuinely interested.
A. which B. what C. that D. why
43. People.......... outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people.
A. whose B. whom C. that D. which
44. Anna‘s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a
man…………….
A. that she hardly knows him B. whom she hardly knows him
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C. she hardly knows D. she hardly knows him

45. They said they didn't have any money,..........was a pity.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
46. I haven't got a passport........... means I can't leave my country.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
47. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night,.......... makes it difficult to sleep.
A. which B. where C. that D. this
48. That is the place.......... the accident occurred.
A. where B. which C. on which D. that
49. The boys ……………. tennis over there are my new neighbor.
A. who plays B. playing C. that playing D. are playing
50. He read the Old Man and The Sea, a novel …………. by Ernest Hemingway.
A. writing B. which written C. written D. that wrote
51. No one present noticed anything strange.
A. The people who were there didn‘t notice anything strange.
B. The people who were there didn‘t notice anything usual.
C. The people were there didn‘t notice anything strange.
D. The people who were there didn‘t notice something strange.
52. Jane refused to attend his birthday party, which made him feel sad.
A. Jane‘s refusal to attend his birthday party made him feel sad.
B. He felt sad not to be able to attend his birthday party.
C. Jane made him sad despite her refusal to attend his birthday party.
D. Jane refused to attend his birthday party because it made him feel
53. The plants may develop differently. They grow on that island.
A. The plants which grows on that island may develop differently.
B. The plants which grow on that island may develop differently.
C. The plants grow on that island may develop differently.
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D. The plants which grow that island may develop differently.

54. John Smith is a farmer. I bought his land.
A. John Smith, whose land I bought, is a farmer.
B. John Smith, who is a farmer, whose land I bought.
C. John Smith, whom I bought his land, is a farmer. D. John Smith, a farmer, bought
his land.
55. The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
A. The first man interviewing was entirely unsuitable.
B. The first man to interview was entirely unsuitable.
C. The first man was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
D. The first man to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
56. Astronomy is the study of planets and stars. It is one of the world‘s oldest
sciences
A. Astronomy which is the study of planets and stars is one of the world‘s oldest science
B. Astronomy, who is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world‘s oldest sciences
C. Astronomy is the study of planets and stars which are one of the world‘s oldest
sciences
D. Astronomy, the study of planets and stars, is one of the world‘s oldest sciences
57. Our solar system is in a galaxy. It is called the Milky Way.
A. Our solar system is in a galaxy where is called the Milky Way.
B. Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
C. Our solar system is in a galaxy, that is called the Milky Way.
D. Our solar system is in a galaxy calling the Milky Way.
58. I saw men, women, cats and dogs. They moved round and round.
A. I saw men, women, cats and dogs that moved round and round.
B. I saw men, women, cats and dogs which moved round and round.
C. I saw men, women, cats and dogs moved round and round.
D. I saw men, women, cats and dogs when moved round and round.
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59. One evening, he and the writer went to a restaurant. They had a wonderful
meal in it.
A. One evening, he and the writer went to a restaurant which they had a wonderful meal.
B. One evening, he and the writer went to a restaurant where they had a wonderful meal
in.
C. One evening, he and the writer went to a restaurant where they had a wonderful meal.
D. One evening, he and the writer went to a restaurant they had a wonderful meal.
60. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting, but most of them were not
very practical.
A. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting, most of them were not very
practical
B. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting, most of which were not very
practical
C. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting, but most of which were not very
practical
D. Most of the suggestions which were made at the meeting were not very practical.
61. ____in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge spans the channel at the entrance to San
Francisco Bay.
A. Completed B. Having completed
C. Completing D. To be completed
62. After seeing the movie Centennial, _____ _ .
A. the book made many people want to read it
B. many people want to read the book
C. the reading of the book interested many people
D. the book was read by many people
63. ___ of the shop, my friend came in.
A. Coming out B. On coming out
C. When coming out D. As I came out
64. two hours over lunch, they left the restaurant,.
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A. Spending B. Having spent

C. After spend D. Spent
65. I notice the lorry _______down the hill.
A. having come B. coming
C. to come D. came
66. I decided to stop trading with them.
A. Despite of the fact that they were the biggest dealer
B. Though being the biggest dealer
C. Being the biggest dealer
D. Even though they were the biggest dealers
67. She told a very funny story, _____ _ __everyone to burst into a laugh.
A. allowing B. making
C. taking D. causing
68. I wasn't properly dressed for the party and felt _______ _ about my
appearance.
A. embarrass B. embarrassment
C. embarrassing D. embarrassed
69. Young people _______ _ _to succeed in life should work hard .
A. who wanting B. want
C. wanting D. wanted
70. ___ _ _ _ _is known to be good for digestion.
A. Eating yoghurt B. Having eaten yoghurt
C. Yoghurt eaten D. Yoghurts
71. _____ _ over the exam results,she rushed home to tell her family the good
news.
A. Excited B. Excitement
C. To excite D. Exciting
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73. Can you please tell me some information _______ to the job ?
A. relating B. that relate
C. that are relating D. that related
74. The truck _______ crashed into the back of a bus scattering glass everywhere.
A. it was loading with empty bottles B. loaded with empty bottles
C. which loading with empty bottles D. loading with empty bottles
75. None of the people _____ _ to the party can come.
A. invite B. invited
C. inviting D. to invite
76. ___ _ _ _ the noise and pollution in the city, the Browns move to the
countryside .
A. Be tired of B. Being tired of
C. Tired of D. Were tired of
77. the author / released /earned / last year / the book / a lot of money.
A. Released last year, the book earned the author a lot of money.
B. Released last year, the author earned the book a lot of money .
C. The author released the book last year a lot of money earned.
D. The released book last year earned the author a lot of money.
78. Do you know any restaurant……………. ?
A. have a really good meal
B. where we can have a really good meal
C. has a really good meal
D. that we can have a really good meal
79. The secretaries were the only people…………………… ..
A. to get a pay rise B. getting a pay rise
C. who to get a pay rise D. to whom get a pay rise.
80. The reason………….. was that her mother fell seriously ill.
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A. where she didn‘t come B. when she didn‘t come

C. she didn‘t come D. for which she didn‘t come
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TÌM LỖI SAI VÀ GIẢI THÍCH
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Reading 7: The Obstacle in our Path

There once was a very wealthy and curious king. This king had a huge boulder
placed in the middle of a road. Then he hid nearby to see if anyone would try to remove
the gigantic rock from the road.
The first people to pass by were some of the king’s wealthiest merchants and
courtiers. Rather than moving it, they simply walked around it. A few loudly blamed the
King for not maintaining the roads. Not one of them tried to move the boulder.
Finally, a peasant came along. His arms were full of vegetables. When he got near
the boulder, rather than simply walking around it as the others had, the peasant put down
his load and tried to move the stone to the side of the road. It took a lot of effort but he
finally succeeded.
The peasant gathered up his load and was ready to go on his way when he say a
purse lying in the road where the boulder had been. The peasant opened the purse. The
purse was stuffed full of gold coins and a note from the king. The king’s note said the
purse’s gold was a reward for moving the boulder from the road.
The king showed the peasant what many of us never understand: every obstacle
presents an opportunity to improve our condition.
Questions:
What are the new vocabularies in this story?
What are the new grammars in this story?
What are your opinions on this story?
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XIV. MẠO TỪ (ARTICLES)

1. Indefinite — a, an
Uses
• Before a singular noun which is countable when it is mentioned for the first time
and represents no particular person or thing.
Eg: «A horse is a noble animal.»
• Before a singular countable noun which is used as an example of a class of things.
Eg: «A book is something you read.»
• With a noun complement, including names of professions.
Eg: «She is a doctor, he became a famous actor.»
• In certain numerical expressions.
Eg: «a dozen, a hundred»
• In expressions of price, speed, ratio.
Eg: «60 miles an hour, 4 hours a day, 30p a box»
• With «few» and «little»
Eg: «a few people, a little sugar»
• In exclamations before singular, countable nouns.
Eg: «What a pity! What a sunny day!»
• It can be placed before Mr., Mrs, Miss, Ms + surname.
Eg: «a Mr. Brown phoned today.»
Not Used
• Before plural nouns.
Eg: «Horses are noble animals.»
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• Before uncountable nouns

Eg: «Milk is good for you.»
• Before abstract nouns.
Eg: «Fear is natural.»
• Before names of meals except when preceded by an adjective.
Eg: «We had a late breakfast and decided to miss lunch.»
2. Definite — the
Uses
• Before nouns of which there is only one.
Eg: «The earth is round.»
• Before a noun which has become definite as a result of being mentioned a second
time.
Eg: «We saw a good film last night. It was the film you recommended.»
• Before a noun made definite by the addition of a phrase or clause.
Eg: «The woman dressed in black.»
• Before a noun which, by reason of locality, can represent only one particular thing.
Eg: «There’s a bee in the kitchen.»
• Before superlatives and «first», «second» and «only»
Eg: «The longest river in the world.»
• Before singular nouns used to represent a class of objects.

Eg: «The donkey is a very obstinate animal.»
• Before an adjective used to represent a class of persons.
Eg: «That tax hurts the rich.»
• Before names of seas, rivers, chains of mountains, groups of islands and plural
names of countries.
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Eg: «the Pacific Ocean, the Thames, the Andes, the West Indies, the Netherlands»
• Before musical instruments.
Eg: «She plays the piano»
READING 8 «Charlie the Brave»
Charlie is a teacher and his wife, Maria is an artist. One of the main differences
between the two is that Charlie has no imagination well perhaps a little whereas Maria
has the most vivid imagination you could think of.
Now — imagination is an essential quality if you’re an artist but sometimes it can
lead to — problems. Take the night before last, for example. It was a fine summer night
and you could see the moon and the stars quite clearly, it was shortly before the longest
day of the year. Charlie was sitting in a deckchair enjoying the warm summer air when he
felt something touch his shoulder; it was Maria’s hand and he could tell immediately she
was a little worried about something. He had noticed this sensation a hundred times
before. He asked her what the matter was and she replied that there was a strange thing
on the jacket that was hanging in the bedroom.
Now you must remember that they had both lived in the West Indies and had seen
a lot of strange creatures in their house before. But now they were living in — England
and so Charlie just laughed and said he would have a look at the «thing».
He left the garden and made his way to the bedroom. He could see a jacket
hanging in the bedroom and went up to it to have a closer look at the «thing». The
moment he touched it, the thing sprang into— life. Now Charlie experiences — fear like
the rest of us but when this creatures opened its wings, he jumped out of his skin and ran
screaming from the room like a small child doing about 100 miles an hour.
What a fuss you may say and the brave among you may well regard such
behaviour as pathetic but — bats (for this thing was a bat) bring out the worst in many
people. For a moment the next-door neighbours thought that Charlie was murdering his
wife because of the noise they could hear. In fact the bat was the one that was frightened
and it fluttered its wings and flew from one side of the bedroom to the other.
Eventually Charlie managed to trap the bat in a box and went out into the front
garden clutching the box as if it had a bomb inside it, took off the lid and the bat,
obviously delighted to be free, flew away into the dark. Eventually Maria, who had been
playing the guitar while Charlie was upstairs, asked Charlie if he had found out what the
thing was. «Oh, nothing to worry about«, he said casually hoping that the terror could not
be seen in his eyes, «it was just a bat.»
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LET’S SPEAK 4:
TOPIC FRIENDS
-Tell about your best friend.

-How much time do you spend with your friends?
-What do you usually do with your friends?
-Do you prefer spending time with your family or friends?
-Is friendship important to you?

AT HOME.
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XV. INFINITIVES AND

GERUNDS
- Xét ví dụ sau:
I am looking forward to ………..your response.
A. see
B. seeing
- Một số trường hợp chỉ sử dụng được với gerunds (V-ing)
- Một số trường hợp chỉ sử dụng được với infinitives (to-Vinf)
- Và một số trường hợp thì có thể sử dụng cả infinitives và gerunds.
1. GERUNDS
1.1 Gerunds làm chủ ngữ trong câu

Eg: Reading is one of the best ways to learn.
1.2 Gerunds làm bổ ngữ (compliments) sau tobe.
Eg: My hobby is reading.
1.3 Gerunds thường đứng sau giới từ
Eg: He is interested in learning English.
1.4 Gerunds sau động từ
Verb + gerund
Admit Ving Thừa nhận, công nhận

Avoid Ving Tránh né
Appreciate Ving Đanh giá cao
Defer/ delay Ving Trì hoãn, đình lại
Postpone/ put off
Deny Ving Chối
Detest/dislike Ving Không thích, căm ghét
Discuss Ving Thảo luận
Consider Ving Xem xét
Enjoy Ving Tận hưởng
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Escape Ving Thoát khỏi

Finish Ving Kết thúc, hoàn thành
Give up/quit Ving Từ bỏ/ thôi
Imagine Ving Tưởng tượng
Keep Ving Giữ
Not mind Ving Không để tâm tới
Miss Ving Lỡ
Practice Ving Thực hành
Suggest Ving Đề nghị
Prevent Ving Ngăn chặn
Can’t help Ving Không thể ngăn cản
Can’t stand Ving Không thể chịu đựng
Resist Ving Kháng lại
Cease Ving Ngừng, đừng
- I always avoid making noise in class.

- Have you finished writing the report?
- Anne practised playing the piano at an early age
- I don’t mind doing a lot of homework.
- He can’t stand working ten hours a day.
- When did you give up smoking, Bill?
Verb + Preposition + gerund
Approve Of Chấp thuận, tán đồng

Argue About Tranh cãi về
Complain About Phàn nàn về
Concentrate On Tập trung vào
Depend On Phụ thuộc vào
Decide On Quyết định về
Feel Like Cảm thấy thích về, thiên về
Forget About Quên về
Look forward To Trong mong về
Insist On Nài nỉ về
Keep On Cứ tiếp tục
Object To Phản đối về
Plan On Lên kế hoạch về, dự tính về
Rely On Phụ thuộc vào
Succeed In Thành công trong việc
Think About Nghĩ về
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Worry About Lo lắng về
- I’m interested in listening to music on the radio.

- He’s bored with staying at home day after day.
- Some people are afraid of driving in rush hours.
- Many overweight people try to lose weight by going on a diet.
- Don’t forget to turn off the gas before going out.
ADJECTIVE _+ PREPOSTION + GERUND
Accustomed To Quen với

Afraid of Lo sợ về
Ashamed Of Xấu hổ về
Capable Of Có khả năng về
Bored With Chán với
Disappointed In/with Thất vọng về
Found Of Thích về
Hopeful Of Hi vọng về
Intent On Theo đuổi, chăm chú về
Interested In Quan tâm về
Opposed To Chống đối với
Proud Of Tự hào về
Responsible For Có trách nhiệm về
Sorry About Ân hận về, lấy làm tiếc
Worried About
Successful In Thành công trong việc
Surprised At Ngạc nhiên về
Tired From Mệt mỏi về
Tired Of Chán về
Used To Quen với
- Police soon get accustomed to arresting criminals.
- The driver was intent on passing the other car.
- Are you capable of completing the work within an hour?
- Eli Whitney is famous for inventing the cotton gin.
- The treasurer is responsible for keeping the books.
1.5 S + V + O + Gerunds
- We saw the thief entering the house.
- He spent five hours doing his task.
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1.7 Others
It’s no good/use Ving Không tốt để
There is no point Ving Không có căn cứ
What’s the point of Ving Quan điểm của
What about Ving Về việc
Be worth Ving Đáng để
Be busy Ving Bận làm
Can’t help Ving Không thể cứu vãn
Can’t bear Ving Không thể chịu đựng
Can’t stand Ving Không thể chịu đựng
- It is no use saying that.

- I am used to getting up early.
2. INFINITIVES
2.1 Infinitives làm chủ ngữ

- To learn English is your duty.
Verb + infinitive
Agree To V Đồng ý, nhất trí

Afford To V Xuất hiện
Arrange To V Sắp xếp, thu xếp
Attempt To V Cố gắng
Ask To V Đòi hỏi, yêu cầu
Choose To V Chọn, lựa
Demand To V Ra lệnh
Except To V Mong, trông ngóng
Fail To V Hỏng, không thành công
Happen To V Xảy ra
Hope To V Hy vọng
Manage To V Xoay sở, lo liệu
Offer To V Dâng, tặng
Plan To V Hoạch định, dự tính
Pretend To V Giả vờ
Promise To V Hứa hẹn
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Refuse To V Từ chối
Seem To V Có vẻ, dường như
Threaten To V Đe dọa
Want To V Muốn
Wish To V Ao ươc
Would like To V Muốn
Intend To V Dự định, ý định
Tend To V Có xu hướng
Claim To V Tuyên bố, khẳng định
Desire To V Ước mơ, mong muốn
Hesitate To V Ngập ngừng
- I decide to study engineering at University
- She’s expecting to get a reply from the company.
- Do you agree to join us for the holiday?
- Mary learned to swim when she was young
- We can’t afford to build a new house.
- Bob refused to lend me his car.
- You manage to get some tickets for the pop concert on Saturday.
Verb + O + to + Infinitive
Want Somebody to do Muốn ai đó làm gì

Ask Somebody to do Yêu cầu ai đó làm gì
Tell Somebody to do Bảo ai đó làm gì
Request Somebody to do Yêu cầu ai đó làm gì
Order Somebody to do Ra lệnh ai đó làm gì
Beg Somebody to do Cầu xin ai đó làm gì
Remind Somebody to do Nhắc ai đó làm gì
Invite Somebody to do Mời ai đó làm gì
Advise Somebody to do Khuyên ai đó làm gì
Warn Somebody to do Cảnh báo ai đó làm gì
Promise Somebody to do Hứa với ai đó làm gì
Encourage Somebody to do Động viên ai đó làm gì
- He tells me to send this letter.

- The teacher encouraged Lan to join English club.
be/ look/ seem/ feel + ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive:
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Afraid To V Sợ, e sợ
Ashamed To V Xấu hổ
Considerate To V Tế nhị
Disappointed To V Thất vọng
Eager To V Hăm hở
Foolish To V Điên rồ
Fortunate To V May mắn
Happy To V Vui mừng, sung sướng
Lucky To V May mắn
Pleased To V Hài lòng
Proud To V Tự hào
Qualified To V Đủ tư cách
Ready To V Sẵn sàng
Sorry To V Ân hận
Surprised To V Ngạc nhiên
Angry To V Giận giữ
Glad To v Vui mừng
- I’m afraid to drive alone at night.

- Were you disappointed not to win the race?
- The actress seems eager to go on stage.
- Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to vote.
- He was not at all surprised to hear the news.
- I’m looking for someone qualified to type a thesis.
- The parents are proud to have a healthy child.
- The party is ready to serve.
- I'm glad to see you again.
To be + to V
- We are to pass the next exam.
- My purpose is to win the next English competition.
After Noun ( Infinitive of Purpose ) : TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + V

- There are lots of things to do today.
- He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination.
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BÀI TẬP NGUYÊN MẪU VÀ V-ING

I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: GERUND or INFINITIVE. (In
some sentence both forms are correct).
1. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind………………………………… (wait) for you.
2. My father gave up …………………………………. (smoke) three years ago.
3. Would you mind ……………………………………….. (keep) silent? I’m trying
……………………………………………… (study).
4. I always try to avoid……………………………………… (borrow) money from my
friends.
5. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed ……………………… (get)
to school on time.
6. Could you please stop ……………………………………….(make) so much noise ?
7. I’ve put off …………………………………(write) the letter so many times. I really
must do it today.
8. Sarah gave up ………………………(try) to find a job in this country and decided
………………( go ) abroad.
9. You can’t stop me ……………..…………..(do) what I want.
10. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford …………………………… (go) out
very often.
11. My mother can’t stand……………………………………(stay) at home without
doing anything.
12. How long have you been able …………………………………(swim), John ?
13. You must promise……………………………………….( not / be ) late again.
14. When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help ……………………...( laugh).
15. They refused………………………………………………..( lend ) him the money
although he needed it badly.
16. Please, don’t forget………………………………………………( post ) the letter for
me today ! It’s urgent.
26. However, she did not plan…………………………………( be ) a secretary all her
life.
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27. But she couldn’t imagine……………………………..( do ) the same job for years
and years.
28. The only thing that prevented her from………………………………….(study) law
was a lack of time and money.
29. She often remembered ……………………………..( talk ) to her father before he
became ill.
30. You must remember …………………………………( buy ) some sugar. We haven’t
got any now.
31. Did you remember……………………………………..( post ) the letter for me this
morning ?
32. Don’t forget………………………………………………..( wake ) me up before six
o’clock tomorrow.
33. I am looking forward to …………………………………………… (see) you.
34. He is tired of …………………………………………… ( walk ) to school.
35. I arranged …………………………………………… (meet) them here.
36. He urged us …………………………………………… (work) faster.
37. I wish…………………………………………… (see) the manager.
38. It's no use …………………………………………… (wait).
39. He warned her…………………………………………… (not touch) the wire.
40. Don't forget…………………………………………… (lock) the door before
………………………..(go) to bed.
41. My mother told me …………………………………………… (not speak) to anyone
about it.
42. He tried…………………………………………… (explain) but she refused (listen).
43. At dinner she annoyed me by…………………………………………… (smoke)
between the courses.
44. You are expected …………………………………………… (know) the safety
regulations of the college.
45. That was a very strange question………………………………………… (ask)
46. It was very kind of you ……………………………………… (show) the way.
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47. I overheard him …………………………………………… (say) that he didn’t want

to learn Math.
48. I don’t remember (tell) ......................................... of the decision to change the
company policy on vacations.
49. Ms Drake expects (consult) ...................................... about any revisions in her
manuscript before it is printed.
50. Tommy admitted (throw) .................................... the rock through the window.
51. Most people enjoy (travel) .................................. to different parts of the world.
52. May I change the TV channel, or do you want (watch) ........................... more of this
programme?
53. That was a very strange question (ask) ............................................................. .
54. It was very kind of you (show)............................................................... the way.
55. The teacher let him (stay) ............................. at home to finish the assignment.
56. It was quite a surprise (see) ............................................................... him again.
57. I overheard him (say) ................................... that he didn’t want to learn Math.
58. She stood there and watched him (drive) .................................................. away.
59. It was very difficult for her (drive)............................................... the motorbike.
60. I could feel the robber (come) .............................................. from the backdoor.
61. It is easy (see) .................................................. animals on the road in daylight.
62. I asked him (explain) ...................... but he refused (say) ................... any thing.
63. It is pleasant (sit) .................................................................. by the fire at night.
64. There was no way of (get) ....................... out of the building except by (climb)
..................................... down a rope.
65. It’s no good (write) .......................................... to him; he never answers letters.
66. Ask him (come) ......................................................... in. Don’t keep him (stand)
.................................................. at the door.
67. We watched the children (jump) ................................. from a window and (fall)
...................................................... into a blanket held by people below.
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68. It is very pleasant (wake) ……………............. up and (hear) ............................ the

rain (beat) .......................................... on the windows.
69. They denied………………………………………………..the money. ( steal )
70. I can’t afford……………………out tonight. I haven’t got enough money. (go)
71. Can you remind me……………………..some coffee when we go out ? ( buy )
72. Please stop…………………………………..…………….me questions! ( ask )
73. I refuse………………………….………………any more questions. ( answer )
74. One of the boys admitted…………………...……………the window. ( break )
75. The boy’s father promised………………...………………for the window to be
repaired. ( pay )
76. Ann was having dinner when the phone rang. She didn’t answer the phone, she just
carried on …………………………………………(eat)
77. “ How did the thief get into the house ? “ “ I forgot……………………………. the
window. ( shut )
II. Complete each sentence with one of these verbs:
Answer apply be listen make see try use wash work write
41. He tried to avoid …………………………………….…………… my question.
42. Could you please stop………………………………………… so much noise ?
43. I enjoy…………………………………………………………………to music.
44. I considered……………...…………………for the job but in the end I decided
against it.
45. Have you finished………………………………..………………your hair yet ?
46. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk ………………………….
knocked down.
47. Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on ……….……….
48. I don’t mind you…………………………the phone as long as you pay for all your
calls.
49. Hello ! Fancy…………………………………….you here ! What a surprise !
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50. I’ve put off…………………………..the letter so many times. I really must do it

today.
51. What a stupid thing to do ! Can you imagine anybody ………………….. so stupid ?
52. Sarah gave up………………………………to find a job in this country and decided
to go abroad.
III. Rewrite the following sentences , using the given words in brackets
69. They arrived home late. ( he saw )
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
70. . She didn’t want to stay there fore the weekend. ( They made her )
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
71. . The teacher allowed me to stay at home to finish the assignment. ( The teacher let )
=>…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
72. The boy ran away from the house. ( She noticed )
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
73. He said that he didn’t want to learn Math. ( I overhear )
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
74. . The policeman told the thief to empty his pockets. ( The police made )
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
75. He left the house early this morning. ( I heard )
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
76. He drove away. ( She stood there and watched )
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
77. The robber came from the back door. ( I could feel )
=>……………………………………………………………………………………
78.. May be the school will ask me to pay some extra money. ( Do you think the school
will make )
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=>…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
IV. Build a complete sentence with the given words

79. I/look forward/receive/letter/ now
=>……………………………………………
80. we/not mind/wait/more minutes.
=>……………………………………………………
81.children/busy/collect/shells/beach.
=>…………………………………………
82. He/ask/us/help/him/do/thewashing up/yesterday.
=>……………………………………………………………
83. Her mother/force/her/marry/to that
man.=>……………………………………………………………
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XVI. CONJUNCTION (LIÊN TỪ)
Reading 9: «Joined up writing»

Now about 600 years before the birth of Jesus Christ a man called Aesop was born
in Greece. He started life in very poor circumstances but because he was very clever and
could often see answers to problems that other people couldn’t solve, he became a sort of
adviser to the ruler and in his spare time dashed off some very memorable fables. The
stories often depict animals as the main characters and they all have a moral purpose.
Let’s take the one called The Ant and the Dove. In the story I’m going to use
conjunctions, which I shall write in CAPITAL letters:
One day an ant was strolling beside a river AND he was feeling very thirsty
BECAUSE it was very hot. He was sure that there was a river nearby AS he had been in
this place before. ALTHOUGH his legs were very small he ran as fast as he could
UNTIL he reached the riverbank. He raced up to the edge of the water.
BUT in his haste he went too quickly AND fell into the water. SINCE his mother
had never taught him to swim, he was in great danger of drowning. WHILE this drama
with our friend was taking place, a dove was sitting on a branch over the river. The dove
realised that UNLESS he did something quickly, the ant would not survive. EVEN IF he
tried, the dove knew he couldn’t dive in and save the ant. Suddenly he did something
brilliant IN ORDER THAT the ant could escape. He picked a leaf from the tree AND
dropped it into the water SO THAT the ant could climb on to it AND float to safety.
WHEN the ant was next in the area some days later, he saw a man with a net, who
wanted to catch his friend, the dove. AFTER the ant had thought about how to help the
dove, he decided to take immediate action. IN SITE OF THE FACT that the ant was very
small, he was able to give someone a nasty bite. The ant thought he could bite the man in
the hand BUT that meant a long journey OR he could bite his foot. IF he did that
immediately, his plan might work SO he gave the man a really good bite. The man let out
a scream AND dropped the net. WHEREAS the man had tried to be quiet in catching the
bird, the noise he made warned the dove who flew away to safety.
The moral of the story is: IF you help someone, they will also help you.
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MỘT SỐ LIÊN TỪ
WORDS SYNONYMS
And In addition
Additionally
Moreover
Furthermore
But/ yet However
Nevertheless
For Because
Since
as
So Therefore
Accordingly
As a result
As a consequence
Consequently
• LIÊN TỪ TƯƠNG HỢP

(CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS)
Cases Meanings Verb types
Both A and B Vừa A và B Chia số nhiều
Not only A but also B Không những A mà còn B
Either A or B Hoặc A hoặc B Chia theo B
Neither A nor B Không A cũng không B
A as well as B A cũng như B Chia theo A

Eg: He is not only intelligent but also funny.
• LIÊN TỪ THỜI GIAN

Before Trước khi
As
As soon as
While Trong khi, trong lúc
When
Until
After Sau khi
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E.g.:
- Her face warmed as she thought of it.
- And as I look to the past and the present, I see two phenomena that especially drive my
optimism.
• LIÊN TỪ PHỤ THUỘC NỐI MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ

NGUYÊN NHÂN
As
Because
Now that
Since
e.g.: Gold value hit its lowest in a year in November as the US dollar strengthened

NGUYÊN NHÂN
as because now that since
e.g.: You need to practice your listening skills at least 1 hour per day because ‘practice
makes perfect’.

ĐIỀU KIỆN
if provided/providing that in case unless so long as

e.g.: Provided that the employees follow safety regulations, supervision will be kept at
minimum level.

MỤC ĐÍCH
so that in order that

e.g.: The travel agent changed my reservation in order that I could take a later flight.
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KẾT QUẢ
so + adj + that + clause such + noun + that + clause

e.g.: Abortion is such a heated topic that numerous debations have been carried out.
• LIÊN TỪ PHỤ THUỘC NỐI MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ SỰ

TƯƠNG PHẢN
although though even though while despite

e.g.: Although my applications were submitted late, the admission board decided to give
me a chance.
BÀI TẬP LIÊN TỪ

1) You should keep the milk in the refrigerator_____________ it doesn’t go bad.
A. since B. so that C. because D. after
2) You should say goodbye to your brother _____________ you leave for Europe.
A. despite B. after C. since D. before
3) The class discussion was short;_____________, we gained some knowlegde from it.
A. however B. moreover C. although D. therefore
4) The undergone is cheap;_____________, it’s faster than the train.
A. however B. moreover C. but D. so
5) _____________ you study harder, you won’t win the scholarship.
A. Unless B. Because C. If D. In order that
6) The countryside air is fresh,________________, it’s not polluted.
A. however B. whenever C. moreover D. beside
7) ________________ she spoke slowly, I don’t understand her.
A. Since B. Although C. If D. As
8) We will wait her ____________ he comes back.
A. while B. until C. since D. for
9) Our teacher explained the lesson slowly ______________ we might understand him.
A. and B. so that C. if not D. or
10) _____________ it rained heavily, we went to school on time.
A. Even though B. Despite C. Because D. Though not
11) Our visit to Japan was delayed___________ my wife’s illness.
A. because B. because of C. thanks to D. although
12) __________ he goes to the theatre with me, I shall go alone.
A. because of B. because C. unless D. when
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13) He tries his best to work hard ______________ help her family get over the
difficulties.
A. so as that B. in order that C. in order to D. so as not to
14) We moved to the front row _____________ we could hear and see better.
A. so as that B. because C. although D. so that
15) I made a mistake ____________ I was tired after the work.
A. though B. so that C. because D. if
16) Minh had a terrible headache. __________________, he still wanted to go to school.
A. Therefore B. But C. However D. Although
17) My sister will take the plane to Singapore______________ she dislikes flying.
A. because B. so that C. therefore D. though
18) My car broke down on the way.____________, when I got the airport, the plane had
taken off.
A. Because B. However C. Therefore D. Although
19) His mother was sick._________________, Jane had to stay at home to look after her.
A. But B. However C. So D. Therefore
20) They asked me to wait for them; ____________, he didn’t turn back.
A. but B. however C. so D. therefore
21) Many people still believe him very much __________ he sometimes tell lies.
A. because B. since C. although D. despite
22) They were walking on the street _________ there was an accident.
A. when B. while C. because D. so that
23) __________ the darkness in the room, we couldn’t continue our studying.
A. because of B. since C. although D. in spite of
24) Mary tries to study as hard as possible ___________ she can get the scholaship to
study in England.
A. in order to B. so that C. because D. because of
25) She stopped at the post office ___________ she could send the letter to her parents.
A. although B. so as to C. in order that D. despite
26) He didn’t wear warm clothes __________________ the cold weather in winter.
A. because B. although C. because of D. in spite of
27) What had you done ____________ I phoned you?
A. as soon as B. by the time C. after D. while
28) Tom couldn’t get a job _____________ he couldn’t speak English well.
A. because B. although C. because of D. in spite of
29) _____________ he knew the danger of smoking, he couldn’t give it up.
A. Since B. Though C. Because of D. Despite
30) He knew the danger of smoking;______________, he couldn’t give it up.
A. therefore B. but C. however D. although
31) ____________ their poverty in their family, they live happily together every day.
A. as B. though C. because D. despite
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32) He didn’t drink beer _______________ he was really thirsrty.

A. in spite of B. even though C. because D. since
33) We will go without him ____________ he comes here on time.
A. though B. unless C. Because D. If
34) Mike went ot the bank ______________ he cashed his cheque.
A. therefore B. so that C. however D. although
35) The students finish the test well _________________ its difficulties yesterday.
A. therefore B. in spite of C. however D. although
36) She has driven a car _____________ she studied at the university.
A. as soon as B. by the time C. after D. since
37) We started out on the trip ______________ the weather was extremely hot.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. although
38) We should wait for her __________ we had much time.
A. though B. unless C. because D. if
39) ____________ we had much time, we shouldn’t wait for her
A. Though B. Unless C. Because D. If
40) The food didn’t look appetizing;______________, many people liked enjoying it.
A. therefore B. so that C. however D. although
41) It was already 6p.m, ______________ we closed our office and went home.
A. therefore B. but C. however D. so
42) Ok! you can take Chemistry as your major.______________, you should remember
that it is not easy to learn.
A. Therefore B. But C. However D. Although
43) John succeeded in the exam ______________ his hard and methodical work.
44) He didn’t stop his car ___________ the traffic light turned red.
45) She didn’t join our programme _________________ she had to take a summer course
at the college.
A. so that B.because of C. because D. although
46) She wanted to go to bed early ________________ her bad tiredness.
47) _________________ he had to take her mother to the hospital, he still attened our
party yesterday.
A. Because B. In spite of C. Because of D. Although
48) ______________ they had read these books, they went out.
A. As soon as B. Before C. After D. Since
49) The students couldn’t do the test ______________ its copmplicated problems.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. though
50) ______________ it got dark, they continued working.
A. Because B. In spite of C. Because of D. Even though
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XVII. COMPARISON
1. SO SÁNH NGANG BẰNG
S + “be/Vnối” + as + adj + as + N (Pronoun) + (Verb)
- Peter is as tall as his father.
- Mary is as beautiful as her friend.
S + V thường + as + adv + as + N (Pronoun) + (Verb)
- Jane sings as well as his sister.
Note:
- Sau AS là đại từ nhân xưng
- Dạng phủ định “as” thứ nhất có thể thay bằng “so”
His work is not so difficult as mine
- So sánh danh từ phải có tinh từ tương ứng:
ADJ NOUNS
- heavy, light weight
- wide, narrow width
- deep, shallow depth
- long, short length
- big, small size
- old age
S + V + as + many/ few +N đếm được số nhiều + as + noun/pronoun

much/little+ N không đếm được
Eg: David earns as much money as his wife.
S+ V + the same + (N) + as + N (pronoun).
Ex. - My house is as high as his.
My house is the same height as his.
-Tom is as old as Mary.
Tom and Mary are the same age.
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- Đối nghĩa của the same..... as là difference ............ from

Ex: My teacher is different from yours.
2. SO SÁNH HƠN
Shot adj + er
More + long + adj
S + tobe Than + N (pronouns)
Short adv + er
More + long + adj
-Today is hotter than yesterday.
-This chair is more comfortable than the other.
- He speaks English better than me.
- My father sings more beautifully than my brother.
S + V + far/much + Adj/Adv +er + than + noun/pronoun
S + V + far/much + more + Adj/Adv + than + noun/pronoun
- Harry’s watch is far more expensive than mine
- He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish
3. SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT

S + V + the + short adj/ adv +est +(N)+ (in/ of) + N
most + long adj/ adv
- Lan is the most beautiful in my class.
- Nile is the longest river in the world.
4. SO SÁNH KÉM
S + V + less + adj/adv + than + noun/ pronoun
- Nga is less young than I.
- My brother runs less fast than I.
5. SO SÁNH KÉM NHẤT

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S + V + the + least + adj/ adv +(N) + (in/ of) + N
- These shoes are the least expensive of all.
6. SO SÁNH LŨY TIẾN KÉM
S+ V+ less and less + long/short adj/ adv
- She becomes less and less beautiful.
7. SO SÁNH LŨY TIẾN TĂNG
S+ V+ more+ and +more + long adj/ adv
- She becomes more and more beautiful.
S + V + short adj/ adv + er and + short adj/ adv + er
- Lan is younger and younger.
8. SO SÁNH KÉP
The+ comparative + S + V +(O), the + comparative + S + V +(O)
- The hotter it is, the more terrible I feel.

- The sooner you leaver, the earlier you will arrive at your destination.
- The more you study, the smarter you will become.
➢ Một số trường hợp đặc biệt
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- clever → cleverer → the cleverest

- simple → simpler → the simplest
- narrow → narrower → the narrowest
- quiet → quieter → the quietest
- dirty → dirtier → the dirtiest
- easy → easier → the easiest
- happy → happier → the happiest
- pretty → prettier → the prettiest
- early → earlier → the earliest
- big → bigger → biggest (nhân đôi phụ phâm nếu trước đó là nguyên âm)
- sad → sadder → saddest
➢ Một số trường hợp bất quy tắc:

So sánh hơn So sánh hơn nhất
Good Better The best
Well Better The best
Bad Worse The worst
Badly Worse The worst
Many More The most
Much More The most
Little Less The lest
Far Farther (nghĩa đen) The farthest (nghĩa đen)
Further (nghĩa bóng) The furthest (nghĩa bóng)
BÀI TẬP SO SÁNH

I. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to complete each sentence.
1. Ms. Jones isn‘t as nice …….. Ms. Smith.
A. as B. for C. like D. to
2. The rooms in Graduate Towers are……….. Patterson Hall.
A. larger than B. larger than that of
C. larger than those in D. larger than in
3. Although she is very popular, she is not……her sister.
A. pretty as B. as pretty
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C. prettier than D. most pretty than

4. Tuition at an American university runs…….. Six thousand dollars a semester.
A. so high as B. as high to
C. as high as D. as high than
5. Everyone looks much………. today than they did yesterday.
A. happy B. happily C. more happily D. happier
6. Mr. Brown receives a …….. salary than anyone else in the company.
A. big B. more bigger
C. bigger D. the bigger
7. The Boeing 747 is twice…….. the Boeing 707.
A. bigger than B. as bigger as
C. as big as D. more bigger than
8. ―Do you know that beautiful lady over there?‖ ― Yes, that‘s Wanida.
She‘s…………. in her group. ‖
A. more beautiful than any girl B. more beautiful than any other girl
C. so beautiful as other girl D. beautiful more than another girl
9. My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was…….. my mother.
A. more big than B. so big than
C. as big as D. too big than
10. He is not……. tall as his father.
A. the B. as C. than D. more
11. John‘s grade……. than his sister‘s.
A. higher B. more high
C. more higher D. the highest
12. Diana is the…….. of the three sisters.
A. more short B. shorter
C. shortest D. more short
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13. She speaks English as………. as her friend does.

A. good B. well
C. better D. the best
14. Of three shirts, this one is the………….
A. prettier B. more prettiest
C. prettiest D. most pretty
15. The baby‘s illness is……….. than we thought at first.
A. bad B. worst C. worse D. badly
16. Today is the……… day of the month.
A. hot B. hotter C. hottest than D. hottest
17. He works more ……….. than I.
A. slow B. slowly
C. most slowly D. slowest
18. My book is as………. as yours.
A. good B. well
C. better D. the best
19. I love you………. than I can say.
A. much B. many
C. more D. the most
20. It‘s…………. to go by bus than by car.
A. cheaper B. cheapest
C. more cheap D. more cheaper
21. That house is ………one on the street.
A. oldest B. the oldest C. old D. older
22. This hotel must be……….. than the small one next door.
A. expensive B. more expensive
C. the most expensive D. the more expensive
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23. An orange is ……… than a plum.

A. more large B. more larger
C. larger D. the largest
24. What is the………. thing you have done ever done?
A. more difficult B. most difficult
C. difficulty D. difficult than
25. This river is……… than that river.
A. narrow B. narrowest
C. narrower D. most narrow
26. The test is not………difficult………. it was last month.
A. as/ as B. so/ as
C. more/ as D. A and B
27. Peter usually drives……….. Mary.
A. more fast B. more fast than
C. faster than D. B and C
28. My brother sang…. of all the pupils of the group.
A. more beautifully B. the most beautifully
C. less beautifully D. most beautifully
29. At 3,810 meters above sea level in Bolivia stands Lake Titica, ………in the
world.
A. the highest large lake B. largest high lake
C. high largest D. the high largest lake
30. The hotel was……. any one we had stayed at before.
A. more expensive than B. more expensive as
C. most expensive than D. better expensive than
31. A: It‘s a long way from Britian, isn‘t it?
B: Yes, but it isn‘t as………. as Hong Kong.
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A. far B. farther C. farthest D. further

32. Of the four dresses, which is ………………..expensive?
A. the best B. the most
C. the more D. the greater
33. The larger the apartment, the................... the rent.
A. expensive B. more expensive
C. expensively D. most expensive
34. The faster we walk,………….. we will get there.
A. the soonest B. the soon
C. the more soon D. the sooner
36. ― Why did you buy these oranges? - They were ……… . ….. I could find.
A. cheapest B. cheapest ones
C. the cheapest ones D. the most cheapest
37. She plays the piano …………… as she sings.
A. as beautifully B. more beautifully
C. as beautiful D. the most beautifully
38. The streets are getting more and …………… these days.
A. crowded B. less crowded
C. more crowded D. most crowded
39. The larger the city, …………… the crime rate.
A. highest B. higher
C. the highest D. the higher
40. You must explain your problems …………....
A. as clear as you can B. as clearly as you can
C. as clear than you are D. as clearly as you are
41. Pil is ……………… person we know.
A. the happier B. the happiest
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C. happier D. happiest
42. Which woman are you going to vote for? –I ‘m not sure. Everyone says that Joan
is………….
A. smarter B. the smarter
C. more smarter D. more smart
43. Bill is ………………
A. lazier and lazier B. more and more lazy
C. lazier and more lazy D. more lazy and lazier
44. It‘s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere …………………?
A. noisier B. more quie
C. more noisy D. quieter
45. ……………….. the time passes, ……………. I feel ! The deadline of my thesis
is coming, but I have just finished half of it.
A. The faster / the nervous
B. The more fast / the nervous
C. The fast / the more nervous
D. The faster / the more nervous
46. China is the country with………………….. population.
A. the larger B. the more large
C. the largest D. the most large
47. She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting…………….
Finally she exploded.
A. more and more angry D. the most angry
B. the more angry C. angrier and angrier
48. For ……………….., it is certain that in the future some things will be very
different.
A. the better or the worse B. the good or the bad
C. good or bad D. better or worse
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49. Her grandfather‘s illness was………………….. we thought at first.

A. more seriously as B. as seriously as
C. more serious than D. as serious than
50. My brother was feeling tired last night, so he went to bed………….. usual.
A. more early than B. as early as
C more earlier as D. earlier than
51. ___ __ you study for these exams, _____ you will do.
A. The harder / the better
B. The more / the much
C. The hardest / the best
D. The more hard / the more good
52. His house is _______ mine.
A. twice as big as B. as twice big as
C. as two times big as D. as big as twice
53. A: It‘s hot there, isn‘t it?
B: It‘s very……….. during the day.
A. hot B. hotter
C. hottest D. hotter than
54. ………. apples are grown in Washington State.
A. Best B. The most good
C. The best D. The better
55. The test becomes………. and…………
A. hard/ hard B. difficult/ difficult
C. harder/ harder D. difficulty/ difficulty
56. His health is getting………. and…………….
A. good/ good B. better/ better
C. bad/ bad D. well/ well
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57. The more paper we save,…………preserved.

A. more is wood pulp B. the more wood pulp is
C. wood pulp is D. the much wood pulp is
58. The more polluted air we breathe,……. we get.
A. the more weaker B. the more weak
C. the weaker D. weaker more
59. The more we study, the……we are.
A. more good B. better
C. better than D. good
60. The more I tried my best to help her, ………. she became.
A. less lazy B. the lazier
C. the more lazy D. lazier
61. The weather becomes………………
A. colder with colder B. colder and colder
C. colder and more colder D. more and more cold
62. The more he slept,……………. irritable he became.
A. the most B. the vey more
C. much more D. the more
63. ……….. he worked, the more he earned.
A. The more hard B. The hard
C. The harder D. The hardest
64. ………I get to know Jim, the more I like him.
A. For more B. More
C. The more D. The most
65. The competition makes the price of goods……….
A. most cheap and cheap B. cheaper and cheaper
C. more cheap and more cheap D. cheaper and more cheaper
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66. That factory is producing……. pollution.

A. more and more B. better and better
C. less and least D. more and less
67. The ………I read about history, the…….. it makes me realize how relevant
history is for us today.
A. more/ better B. better/ better
C. more/ more D. better/ more
68. The less we study, the……….. we are.
A. worse B. bad
C. well D. good
69. ………. the match was, the more spectators it attracted.
A. The most interesting B. The best interesting
C. The more interesting D. The interesting
70. The more running water you use,……………
A. your bill will be higher B. will be higher your bill
C. the higher your bill will be D. the highest your bill will be
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III. Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given:
1. They understand more than we do.
A. We don‟t understand as much as they do.
B. We don‘t understand anything at all.
C. They understand everything inside out.
D. They are very intelligent.
2. It is much more difficult to speak English than to speak French.

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A. To speak French is more difficult than to speak English.

B. To speak English is more difficult than to speak French.
C. Speaking English is more difficult than to speak French.
D. Speaking French is not as difficult as to speaking English.
3. My interview lasted longer than yours.
A. Your interview wasn‘t as short as mine.
B. Your interview was shorter than mine.
C. Your interview was as long as mine.
D. Your interview was longer than mine.
4. When I was younger, I used to go climbing more than I do now.
A. Now I don’t go climbing anymore.
B. I used to go climbing when I younger.
C. Now I don’t go climbing as much as I did.
D. I don’t like going climbing any more.
5. Your coffee is not as good as mine.
A. Mine is better than yours.
B. My coffee is better than your.
C. My coffee is better than yours.
D. My coffee is more good than yours.
6. I can‟t cook as well as my mother does.
A. My mother can cook better than I can.
B. My mother can‘t cook better than I can.
C. My mother can cook well than I can.
D. I can cook better than my mother can.
7. Murder is the most serious of all crimes.
A. Murder is very serious.
B. No crime is more serious than murder.
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C. Everyone is very afraid of murder.

D. Murder is the dangerous crime.
8. No one in this class as tall as peter.
A. Peter is taller than in this class.
B. Peter is the tallest in this class.
C. Peter is the most tall in this class.
D. Peter is more tall than in this class.
9. This is the best music I have ever heard.
A. I’ve never he rd better music th n this .
B. I’ve ever heard such a good music as this.
C. I’ve ever heard so good music as this.
D. This is the first time I’ve heard this good music.
10. This is the most interesting novel I‟ve ever read.
A. Knowing that the novel will be interesting, I read it.
B. If only I had known the novel was so interesting, I‘d have read it earlier.
C. I don‘t think it is the most interesting novel.
D. I have never read a more interesting novel than this.
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LET’S SPEAK 5:
FUTURE JOBS - INTERVIEW
- What do you want to do in the future?

- What is your short term goal/ long term goal?
- How are you doing to get your goal come true?
- What do you like about your job?
- Is there anything you don’t like about your job?

AT HOME.
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Reading 10: On God’s Time

A man walked to the top of a hill to talk to God.
The man asked, “God, what’s a million years to you?” and God said, “A minute.”
Then the man asked, “Well, what’s a million dollars to you?” and God said, “A
penny.”
Then the man asked, “God…..can I have a penny?” and God said, “Sure…..in a
minute.”
Just have fun! We are coming to the end of the book!
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BÀI TẬP GIỚI TỪ
1.) Elizabeth is fond .......... going to dances.

a.) in b.) of c.) with d.) at
2.) That is last year's telephone directory. It's .......... date now.
a.) into b.) out of c.) besides d.) out
3.) He was put .......... prison.
a.) to b.) from c.) into d.) at
4.) We rejoice .......... her success.
a.) in b.) at c.) over d.) all are correct
5.) I saw him .......... noon.
a.) for b.) with c.) against d.) at
6.) She treated me .......... Cake, ice-cream and tea.
a.) with b.) for c.) to d.) by
7.) The picture is .......... the wall
a.) above b.) at c.) over d.) on
8.) She likes to go .......... a picnic.
a.) for b.) on c.) for and on are correct d.) by
9.) William is .......... meanness.
a.) against b.) above c.) towards d.) according to
10.) I work hard .......... help my family.
a.) so as to b.) in order to
c.) in order that d.) a and b
11.) She burst .......... tears.
a.) out of b.) into
c.) for d.) in
12.) .......... mistake, I took the wrong book from my desk this morning.
a.) Through b.) By
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c.) With d.) In

13.) They chose him .......... their leader.
a.) with b.) for
c.) by d.) into
14.) I want you to arrange these .......... order by putting the largest first then the next, and
so on…
a.) on b.) out of
c.) in d.) from
15.) She smiled .......... him.
a.) at b.) with
c.) to d.) about
16.) Your work is .......... the average.
a.) under b.) beneath
c.) down d.) below
17.) I shall be ready .......... a moment.
a.) for b.) in
c.) with d.) on
18.) Aren't you glad that you went to the party with us .......... all?
a.) in b.) after
c.) above d.) with
19.) We can't get everything we want from life; we must just make the best .......... it.
a.) with b.) of
c.) for d.) by
20.) Go and get me a carton .......... cigarettes.
a.) with b.) of
c.) out of d.) no
21.) He is negligent .......... his duties.
a.) with b.) to
c.) for d.) of
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22.) Long skirts are .......... again.

a.) for b.) in
c.) into d.) through
23.) The car went .......... full speed.
a.) with b.) for
c.) to d.) at
24.) He was .......... himself with rage.
a.) against b.) for
c.) beside d.) with
25.) Gas is made .......... coal.
a.) of b.) from
c.) with d.) to
26.) He suffers .......... headaches.
a.) from b.) with
c.) in d.) by
27.) Who .......... Richard would have said such a thing?
a.) but b.) by
c.) with d.) in addition of
28.) He was .......... himself with joy.
a.) to b.) beside
c.) in d.) of
29.) His ideas are all .......... the times.
a.) like b.) behind
c.) but d.) except
30.) I shall wait .......... you.
a.) about b.) by
c.) to d.) for
31.) What do you think .......... this sonata of Beethoven?
a.) of b.) to
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c.) with d.) from

32.) If you earn a good salary, you can be independent .......... your parents.
a.) for b.) to
c.) of d.) by
33.) Ottawa is .......... Canada.
a.) with b.) on
c.) to d.) in
34.) A bird .......... the hand is worth two .......... the bush.
a.) on - on b.) on - in
c.) in - in d.) in - on
35.) There are many others .......... me who disagree on what you say.
a.) with b.) besides
c.) to d.) as
36.) When were you released .......... prison?
a.) at b.) into
c.) from d.) out of
37.) Who is not for me is .......... me.
a.) towards b.) against
c.) with d.) along
38.) There's nothing .......... exercises for making you warm.
a.) like b.) in
c.) for d.) about
39.) I have not done my exercise .......... now.
a.) till b.) since
c.) for d.) at
40.) These facts may be familiar .......... you.

a.) with b.) about
c.) to d.) into
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41.) .......... the most part, his explanations are quite easy to understand.
a.) For b.) Through
c.) With d.) Toward
42.) He put the book .......... the take and sat down .......... a chair.
a.) on - in b.) on - with
c.) on - on d.) on - into
43.) He walked .......... the room .......... which we were sitting.
a.) in - in b.) in - for
c.) into - in d.) into - from
44.) The doctor cured me .......... my illness.
a.) for b.) of
c.) with d.) at
45.) What do you know .......... him?
a.) to b.) about
c.) with d.) for
46.) .......... all my care, it was broken.
a.) Before b.) After
c.) To d.) With
47.) Life is just one trouble .......... another.
a.) to b.) for
c.) after d.) against
48.) Did Mr. Kennedy park his car .......... front .......... our house?
a.) at - of b.) in - to
c.) with - to d.) in - of
49.) Did they ask .......... me?
a.) at b.) to
c.) before d.) after
50.) An accident has happened .......... that family.
a.) to b.) with
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c.) against d.) for

51.) It looks better .......... a distance.
a.) to b.) for
c.) at d.) but
52.) She was engaged .......... him for ten months before they got married.
a.) to b.) with
c.) for d.) by
53.) What did Mr. Brown die ..........?
a.) with b.) by
c.) in d.) of
54.) She took me .......... my brother.
a.) by b.) for
c.) to d.) with
55.) It is .......... three o'clock; it is nearly a quarter past three.
a.) about b.) at
c.) past d.) around
56.) She gave some advice .......... her brother.
a.) to b.) for
c.) with d.) all are correct
57.) He was brought .......... the judge.
a.) to b.) with
c.) before d.) for
58.) The government must care .......... the families of invalid soldiers.
a.) about b.) for
c.) to d.) at
59.) They like to sit .......... the fire.
a.) by b.) on
c.) for d.) with
60.) I cannot do it .......... you.
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a.) as b.) like

c.) by d.) through
61.) .......... one enemy he has 50 friends.
a.) With b.) To
c.) For d.) Through
62.) Mary married a wealthy man. She got married .......... him last June.
a.) by b.) for
c.) about d.) to
63.) There were .......... 100 people at the meeting.
a.) up b.) on
c.) upon d.) above
64.) William is big .......... his age.
a.) with b.) for
c.) by d.) through
65.) The god jumped .......... the table.
a.) through b.) over
c.) out of d.) past
66.) He didn't dare to say it .......... my face.
a.) on b.) with
c.) in d.) to
67.) .......... general, that is true. However, there are many exceptions.
a.) On b.) In
c.) By d.) Through
68.) Can you recommend me a good book .......... life in the sixteenth century?
a.) of b.) about
c.) in d.) from
69.) He is a friend .......... mine.
a.) with b.) in
c.) of d.) to
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70.) He is a man .......... action.

a.) of b.) with
c.) for d.) about
71.) The dog ran .......... the house.
a.) into b.) in
c.) for d.) across
72.) She was offended .......... my remark at the meeting yesterday.
a.) at b.) by
c.) with d.) at and by are correct
73.) That car costs .......... $2,000.
a.) for b.) above
c.) at d.) all are correct
74.) He is looking .......... his glasses.
a.) after b.) for
c.) into d.) by
75.) He read that .......... a book.
a.) at b.) from
c.) to d.) in
76.) Someone left a box in the garden and I fell .......... it in the dark.
a.) into b.) by
c.) off d.) over
77.) Let's drink .......... his success.
a.) in b.) to
c.) into d.) for
78.) Shut the door .......... you.
a.) for b.) after
c.) with d.) into
79.) He turned his back .......... her.
a.) beside b.) next to
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c.) by d.) on
80.) He is a man .......... his forties.
a.) on b.) about
c.) to d.) in
81.) He is .......... royal blood.
a.) for b.) in
c.) of d.) with
82.) I don't think that I'm acquainted .......... him
a.) with b.) to
c.) by d.) for
83.) Professor Moore called my attention .......... that particular mistake.
a.) about b.) with
c.) by d.) to
84.) Share these sweets .......... the five children and see that each one gets a fair share
a.) to b.) between
c.) for d.) among
85.) I'll try to pay you the money the week .......... next.
a.) before b.) for
c.) after d.) no preposition needed
86.) Bien Hoa is secured .......... floods.
a.) by b.) to c.) from d.) for
87.) She saw a butterfly .......... the window.
a.) across b.) in
c.) into d.) through
88.) They live .......... rice.
a.) with b.) on
c.) by d.) for
89.) Stand .......... front of me you will see better; there will be nothing .......... the way of
your view.
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a.) at - in b.) in - of
c.) in - in d.) in - at
90.) He aimed .......... the tiger.
a.) for b.) at
c.) with d.) to
91.) In boxing it is a foul to hit .......... the belt.
a.) above b.) over
c.) below d.) down
92.) You must settle the matter .......... yourselves.
a.) with b.) in
c.) into d.) among
93.) He spoke .......... a whisper.
a.) in b.) into
c.) like d.) with
94.) He was ill .......... fever.
a.) to b.) in
c.) with d.) for
95.) I came on Monday at ten o'clock .......... the morning.
a.) from b.) in
c.) at d.) for
96.) I took him .......... the hand.
a.) with b.) at
c.) by d.) to
97.) He made himself pleasant .......... visitors.
a.) with b.) by
c.) to d.) for
98.) He stayed home .......... the rain.
a.) because b.) because of
c.) for d.) against
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99.) I really respect that man .......... his honesty.

a.) by b.) about
c.) with d.) for
100.) There is not much correspondence .......... his ideal and mine.
a.) in b.) among
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c.) between d.) at
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PART 1: SHORT READINGS

(refer to reading material of ACE)
Link download: http://bit.ly/tailieudocdich
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PART 2: ARTICLES
Left side of brain has better understanding of linguistics: Study
The left hemisphere processes auditory speech information more rapidly.
The left hemisphere processes auditory speech information more rapidly. (Photo: Pixabay)
Turns out, the left side of one's brain can comprehend linguistic skills better than the
right.
According to a research at Ruhr University synapses are vital for rapid processing of
auditory speech, which is found to be more in the left hemisphere of planum temporal as
compared to the right. Therefore, the left hemisphere has dominance over the language.
A deep look into the microstructure of planum temporale with the speed of auditory
speech processing has now become possible with the help of a new form of magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with electroencephalography (EEG).
It is learned that when brainwaves are measured using EEG, the left hemisphere
processes auditory speech information more rapidly.
Under an experiment by the researchers, when playing two different syllables - for
example 'Da' and 'Ba' - to a person's left and right ear via headphones, most people stated
that they only heard the syllable in the right ear. This was because language perceived via
the right ear is processed in the left hemisphere.
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"However, it had previously not been understood if that asymmetrical microstructure is

the decisive factor for the superiority of the left hemisphere when it comes to the
processing of auditory speech," added Erhan Genç, a researcher.
The method for counting the number of neural synapses in living humans is yet not
discovered, and thus, could not be conclusively linked to the performance of auditory
speech processing.
The researchers have now closed this gap with the aid of so-called neurite orientation
dispersion and density imaging.
Due to the instalment of highly specific MRI technology, the bio-psychologists were able
to measure the density and spatial arrangement of planum temporale neurites in almost
one hundred test participants.
The EEG measurements were simultaneously used to analyse the processing speed of
auditory speech information in both the left and the right hemispheres in them.
The research resulted in a conclusion that test participants who were capable of
processing auditory speech in the left hemisphere at a high speed possessed an
extraordinarily high number of densely packed neurites in the left planum temporale.
The findings are published in the scientific journal Science Advances.
Não trái thiên về ngôn ngữ học hơn

Bán cầu não trái xử lý thông tin lời nói qua thính giác một cách nhanh hơn.
(HÌNH ẢNH)
Bán cầu não trái xử lý thông tin lời nói qua thính giác một cách nhanh hơn.
Hóa ra bên trái của não bộ có thể thấu hiểu những kĩ năng ngôn ngữ tốt hơn so với bên
phải.
Theo một nghiên cứu tại Đại học Ruhr, các khớp thần kinh cần thiết cho quá trình xử lý
nhanh chóng lời nói qua thính giác. Qúa trình xử lý này lại được thực hiện tại bán cầu
não trái của vùng planum temparale nhiều hơn so với bán cầu não phải. Do đó, bán cầu
não trái có ưu thế hơn về ngôn ngữ.
Việc tìm hiểu sâu vào cấu trúc vi mô của vùng planum temporale với tốc độ xử lý quá
trình tiếp nhận lời nói qua thính giác đã trở nên hoàn toàn có khả thi với sự hỗ trợ của
một hình thức cộng hưởng từ mới (MRI) kết hợp với điện não đồ (EEG).
Người ta đã tìm hiểu được rằng khi sóng não được đo bằng EEG, bán cầu não trái xử lý
thông tin lời nói qua thính giác nhanh hơn.
Theo một thí nghiệm của các nhà nghiên cứu, khi phát ra hai âm tiết khác nhau - ví dụ
'Da' và 'Ba' - vào tai trái và phải của một người thông qua tai nghe, thì hầu hết mọi người
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nói rằng họ chỉ nghe thấy âm tiết bên tai phải. Sở dĩ như vậy là vì ngôn ngữ tiếp nhận qua
tai được xử lý trong bán cầu não trái.
Erhan Genç, một nhà nghiên cứu cho biết thêm: "Tuy nhiên, trước đây người ta không
hiểu được rằng liệu cấu trúc vi mô không đối xứng là yếu tố quyết định cho tính ưu việt
của bán cầu não trái khi nói đến việc xử lí lời nói qua thính giác",
Phương pháp đếm số lượng khớp thần kinh ở trong cơ thể người đang sống lại chưa được
tìm ra, và do đó, không thể kết luận được sự liên quan đến việc thực hiện xử lý lời nói
qua thính giác.
Các nhà nghiên cứu hiện nay đã dần thu hẹp khoảng cách này với sự trợ giúp của cái gọi
là phân tán định hướng thần kinh và hình ảnh mật độ.
Nhờ vào việc lắp đặt công nghệ MRI đặc biệt cao mà các nhà tâm lý sinh học đã có thể
đo mật độ và cách sắp xếp không gian của các sợi thần kinh trong vùng planum
temporale với gần một trăm người tham gia thử nghiệm.
Các phép đo điện não đồ được đồng thời sử dụng để phân tích tốc độ xử lý thông tin lời
nói qua thính giác ở cả bán cầu não trái và phải.
Nghiên cứu này dẫn đến một kết luận rằng những người tham gia thử nghiệm có khả
năng xử lý lời nói qua thính giác ở bán cầu não trái với tốc độ cao sở hữu một lượng cực
lớn sợi thần kinh dày đặc trong vùng temporale Planum bên trái.
Những phát hiện này được công bố trên tạp chí khoa học Science Advances.
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Vietnamese fulfill their dream of working for Facebook
More young Vietnamese people have grabbed opportunities to work for huge companies
like Facebook. These are a few:
Mr Doan Hai Giang

1. Doan Hai Giang from Nghe An is now a software engineer of Facebook. He is also a
co-founder and chair of HumanRank, a company in the US.
In September 2012, Giang applied to work for Facebook. In June 2013, he was admitted
as an intern for three months. In August 2013, Giang applied for Google and got a job
offer from Google two weeks later.
Giang was very happy that both giants, each of which receives more than 1 million
applications each year, accepted him. Finally, he chose Facebook and became an official
software engineer in May 2014.
2. After finishing general education in Vietnam, Nguyen Van Quang Huy flied to
Singapore to study computer science at the National University of Singapore (NUS).
From Singapore, he sent an application to Facebook as per advice from a friend, who was
an intern there.
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After three phone interview rounds with questions about algorithms, Huy successfully
joined Facebook.
At Facebook’s headquarters, Huy works in the Growth team, which specializes in

processing notices that Facebook sends to users. The purpose of Growth is expanding the
users’ community and strengthening connectivity of products.
Huy said he was deeply impressed by Facebook’s leaders, from Zuckerberg, Chris Cox,
and Mike Schrep to Sheryl Sandberg, who all work hard and try to create the best
possible products for users.
Huy likes the working environment where inspiring posters "Done is better than perfect"
and "What would you do if you weren't afraid" are hung in many places.
3. Pham Van Hanh, a student of the University of Technology, is called the golden boy
of Vietnam’s information technology.
He passed exams with excellent marks and defeated the competitors from many other
countries to get opportunities to have internship at both Google and Facebook.
“Don’t think about how many people are competing with you,” he said.
Hanh is also famous for his statement “Other countries are just places for you to discover.
Vietnam, the fatherland, is the place which you have a strong attachment to.”
Hanh has won many prizes and medals from domestic and international competitions,
including the gold medal at the 2015 International Olympiad for Informatics (IOI) and
the silver medal at APIO (Asia-Pacific Informatics Olympiad)
4. To work for Facebook, Nguyen Hai Khanh, who was a student at the IT Faculty of
the HCMC University of Natural Sciences, had to refuse the annual pay of $100,000
offered by Google Australia.
Khanh chose Facebook because he had become used to the company’s environment after
three months of internship. The US was also the target destination for Khanh.
Người Việt thực hiện giấc mơ làm việc cho Facebook

Nhiều người trẻ Việt Nam đã nắm lấy cơ hội làm việc cho các công ty khổng lồ như
Facebook. Dưới đây là số người:
1. Đoàn Hải Giang quê Nghệ An, hiện là kỹ sư phần mềm của Facebook. Đồng thời
cũng là người đồng sáng lập và là chủ tịch của HumanRank, một công ty ở Mỹ.
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Tháng 9 năm 2012, Giang nộp đơn xin làm cho Facebook. Vào tháng 6 năm 2013, anh đã
được nhận vào làm thực tập trong ba tháng. Vào tháng 8 năm 2013, Giang đã nộp hồ sơ
vào Google và hai tuần sau đó anh nhận được một lời mời làm việc từ Google.
Giang rất vui vì cả hai gã khổng lồ (Facebook và Google) đã nhận anh vào làm, nơi mà
có đến hơn 1 triệu đơn ứng cử mỗi năm. Cuối cùng, anh đã chọn Facebook và trở thành
kỹ sư phần mềm chính thức vào tháng 5 năm 2014.
2. Sau khi hoàn thành chương trình giáo dục phổ thông ở Việt Nam, Nguyễn Văn Quang
Huy đã bay sang Singapore học khoa học máy tính tại Đại học Quốc gia Singapore
(NUS).
Ở Singapore, anh đã nộp đơn vào Facebook theo lời khuyên từ một người bạn, là người
thực tập ở đó.
Sau ba cuộc phỏng vấn qua điện thoại với những câu hỏi về các thuật toán, Huy đã thành
công được gia nhập vào Facebook.
Tại trụ sở của Facebook, Huy làm việc trong nhóm Growth, chuyên về xử lý các thông
báo mà Facebook gửi cho người dùng. Mục đích của tăng trưởng là mở rộng cộng đồng
người dùng và tăng cường khả năng kết nối của các sản phẩm.
Huy cho biết anh rất ấn tượng với những nhà lãnh đạo của Facebook, từ Zuckerberg,
Chris Cox, và Mike Schrep đến Sheryl Sandberg, tất cả họ đều làm việc chăm chỉ và cố
gắng tạo ra những sản phẩm tốt nhất cho người dùng.
Huy thích môi trường làm việc, nơi mà các tấm áp phích truyền cảm hứng được treo ở
nhiều nơi như: "Hoàn thiện hơn là hoàn hảo" và "Bạn sẽ làm gì nếu không sợ hãi".
3. Phạm Văn Hạnh, sinh viên Trường Đại học Bách khoa, được gọi là chàng trai vàng
của công nghệ thông tin Việt Nam.
Anh đã vượt qua các kỳ thi với những thành tích xuất sắc và đánh bại các đối thủ cạnh
tranh từ nhiều nước khác để có cơ hội thực tập ở cả Google và Facebook.
"Đừng nghĩ đến có bao nhiêu người đang cạnh tranh với bạn," anh nói.
Hạnh cũng nổi bật với quan niệm: "Các quốc gia khác chỉ là nơi để bạn khám phá. Đất
nước Việt Nam mới là nơi mà bạn sẽ gắn bó lâu dài".
Hạnh đã giành được nhiều giải thưởng và huy chương từ các cuộc thi trong nước và quốc
tế, bao gồm huy chương vàng tại Olympic Tin học Quốc tế 2015 (IOI) và huy chương
bạc tại APIO (Olympic Tin học Châu Á Thái Bình Dương)
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4. Để làm việc cho Facebook, Nguyễn Hải Khánh, sinh viên Khoa Công nghệ Thông tin
của Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiên đã phải từ bỏ mức lương $100.000/ năm do Google ở Úc
đưa ra.
Khanh đã chọn Facebook vì anh đã quen với môi trường của công ty sau 3 tháng thực tập.
Mỹ cũng là điểm đến mục tiêu của Khánh.
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Facebook account can be wiped out with just $100 in VN
Phony service providers are invalidating and closing Facebook accounts for VND2-3
million payments. The practice is being used against business rivals or for personal
revenge.
“Last month, I discovered an account just like mine. Just two days after the discovery, I
received a notification from Facebook that my personal account had been locked because
of impersonation,” said T. T. Trinh, a real estate trader whose Facebook account has
20,000 followers.
“This has seriously affected my business. Most of my clients are friends on social
networks,” she complained.
In Vietnam, so-called ‘Facebook service providers’ have invented a new kind of service
called ‘account ripping’. Little-known hackers provide the service for just VND200,000.
Service providers will require bigger money to revive a Facebook account. The price is
VND2.5-4 million.
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Facebook allows people to report others for violations of its rules, including
impersonation and underage users (under 14 years old) in accordance with Spanish and
South Korean laws.
“Reporting impersonation has the highest success rate,” said Mai Thanh Phu of HCM
City, who has deep knowledge about ‘Facebook services’.
Hackers will create an account with the same name as the victim’s name and will make
friends with people on their friends’ list. The forged account must have the same names,
avatar, photos and personal information as the information of the real account.
They will then submit forged photos and documents to prove identity, such as identity
cards and driving licenses, to legalize the forged account, through a link given by
Facebook.
In the next step, ‘service providers’ will denounce the victim for forging and wait for
Facebook to verify information and close the real account.
While there are many ways to report account owners’ violations, there is only one way to
revive accounts.
Facebook will request accounts’ owners to submit documents for verification. However,
even with the necessary documents, in many cases, the real owners of accounts won’t
succeed in reviving their accounts.
“I took pictures of myself and sent identity cards to Facebook three times, but my account
still cannot be revived,” Thao Giang, a student in Binh Thanh district of HCM City, said.
In related news, Minister of Information and Communications Truong Minh Tuan during
a working session with a Facebook delegation led by head of global policy management
Monika Bickert in Hanoi on April 26 asked Facebook to increase cooperation with
Vietnam to block and remove bad content and fake news in this social network.
Tại Việt Nam, chỉ với 100 đô la Mỹ đã có thể xóa sổ tài

khoản Facebook
Các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ mạo danh đang làm mất hiệu lực và đóng các tài khoản
Facebook với giá từ 2 đến 3 triệu đồng. Thực tế đang được sử dụng để chống lại các đối
thủ kinh doanh hoặc nhằm mục đích trả thù cá nhân.
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"Tháng trước, tôi phát hiện ra một tài khoản giống như của tôi. Chỉ hai ngày sau khi phát
hiện, tôi nhận được một thông báo từ Facebook rằng tài khoản cá nhân của tôi đã bị khóa
vì mạo danh", T. T. Trinh, một doanh nhân bất động sản có tài khoản Facebook với
20.000 người theo dõi.
"Điều này đã ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến hoạt động kinh doanh của tôi. Hầu hết khách
hàng của tôi đều là bạn bè trên mạng xã hội", cô phàn nàn.
Ở Việt Nam, cái gọi là "các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ Facebook" đã phát minh ra một loại
dịch vụ mới gọi là 'báo cáo tài khoản sai phạm'. Các hacker ít được biết đến cung cấp
dịch vụ này chỉ với giá 200.000 đồng.
Các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ sẽ đòi nhiều tiền hơn để khôi phục tài khoản Facebook. Giá là
2,5-4 triệu đồng.
Facebook cho phép mọi người báo cáo người khác về các vi phạm quy tắc, bao gồm
người dùng mạo danh và người chưa thành niên (dưới 14 tuổi) theo luật pháp của Tây
Ban Nha và Hàn Quốc.
Mai Thanh Phú ở TP.HCM, người có kiến thức sâu rộng về "dịch vụ Facebook", cho biết
"Báo cáo mạo danh có tỷ lệ thành công cao nhất".
Các hacker sẽ tạo một tài khoản có cùng tên với tên của nạn nhân và sẽ kết bạn với những
người trong danh sách bạn bè của họ. Tài khoản giả mạo phải có cùng tên, cùng hình đại
diện, cùng ảnh và thông tin cá nhân như thông tin của tài khoản thực.
Sau đó, hacker sẽ gửi hình ảnh và tài liệu giả mạo để chứng minh danh tính, chẳng hạn
như giấy chứng minh nhân thân và giấy phép lái xe thông qua liên kết do Facebook cung
cấp để hợp pháp hóa tài khoản giả mạo.
Trong bước tiếp theo, các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ sẽ tố cáo nạn nhân vì đã giả mạo và chờ
đợi Facebook xác minh thông tin và đóng tài khoản thực.
Mặc dù có nhiều cách để báo cáo hành vi vi phạm của chủ tài khoản, nhưng chỉ có một
cách để khôi phục tài khoản.
Facebook sẽ yêu cầu các chủ tài khoản phải gửi tài liệu để xác minh. Tuy nhiên, trong
nhiều trường hợp, ngay cả với các tài liệu cần thiết, chủ sở hữu tài khoản thực vẫn sẽ
không thành công trong việc khôi phục tài khoản của họ.
"Tôi đã chụp ảnh bản thân và gửi thẻ CMND đến Facebook ba lần, nhưng tài khoản của
tôi vẫn không thể khôi phục được", Thảo Giang, một sinh viên ở quận Bình Thạnh,
TP.HCM cho biết.
Những tin liên quan, ngày 26 tháng 4, tại Hà Nội, trong một buổi làm việc với đoàn đại
biểu Facebook dẫn đầu bởi bà Monika Bickert - Giám đốc Chính sách nội dung toàn cầu
của mạng xã hội Facebook, Bộ trưởng Bộ Thông tin và Truyền thông Trương Minh Tuấn
yêu cầu Facebook tăng cường hợp tác với Việt Nam để ngăn chặn và xóa nội dung xấu và
tin tức giả mạo trong hệ thống mạng xã hội này.
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Too Much Emotional Intelligence Is a Bad Thing
Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad, angry or surprised is key to getting
along with others. But a new study suggests that a knack for eavesdropping on feelings
may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress. This and other research challenge the
prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly beneficial to its bearer.
In a study published in the September 2016 issue of Emotion, psychologists Myriam

Bechtoldt and Vanessa Schneider of the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management in
Germany asked 166 male university students a series of questions to measure their
emotional smarts. For example, they showed the students photographs of people's faces
and asked them to what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being
expressed. The students then had to give job talks in front of judges displaying stern
facial expressions. The scientists measured concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol
in the students' saliva before and after the talk.
In students who were rated more emotionally intelligent, the stress measures increased
more during the experiment and took longer to go back to baseline. The findings suggest
that some people may be too emotionally astute for their own good, says Hillary Anger
Elfenbein, a professor of organizational behavior at Washington University in St. Louis,
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who was not involved in the study. “Sometimes you can be so good at something that it
causes trouble,” she notes.
Indeed, the study adds to previous research hinting at a dark side of emotional
intelligence. A study published in 2002 in Personality and Individual
Differences suggested that emotionally perceptive people might be particularly
susceptible to feelings of depression and hopelessness. Furthermore, several studies,
including one published in 2013 in PLOS ONE, have implied that emotional intelligence
can be used to manipulate others for personal gain.
More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence
and stress would play out in women and in people of different ages and education levels.
Nevertheless, emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have, as long as you learn to also
properly cope with emotions—both others' and your own, says Bechtoldt, a professor of
organizational behavior. For example, some sensitive individuals may assume
responsibility for other people's sadness or anger, which ultimately stresses them out.
Remember, Bechtoldt says, “you are not responsible for how other people feel.”
This article was originally published with the title "The Dark Side of Emotional
Intelligence"
Source: Agata Blaszczak-Boxe (Scientific American)
Có quá nhiều trí tuệ xúc cảm là điều không hay

Việc có thể nhận ra khi một người bạn hoặc đồng nghiệp cảm thấy buồn, tức giận hoặc
ngạc nhiên chính là chìa khóa để hòa hợp với người khác. Tuy nhiên, theo một nghiên
cứu mới đây cho thấy thói quen "nghe lén" cảm xúc có thể đi kèm cùng phản ứng căng
thẳng phụ. Nghiên cứu này cũng như các nghiên cứu khác đã thách thức quan điểm phổ
biến rằng trí tuệ xúc cảm luôn luôn mang lại lợi ích cho người sở hữu.
Trong một nghiên cứu được công bố trên tạp chí Emotion, nhà tâm lý học Myriam
Bechtoldt và Vanessa Schneider của Trường Quản lý Tài chính Frankfurt ở Đức đã đưa
ra hàng loạt câu hỏi cho 166 sinh viên nam để đo lường mức độ trí tuệ xúc cảm. Ví dụ, họ
đưa cho các sinh viên hình ảnh các nét mặt và yêu cầu sinh viên xác định xem khuôn mặt
đó thể hiện cảm xúc hạnh phúc hay sự phẫn nộ. Sau đó các sinh viên phải trình bày về
việc làm trước những người đánh giá đang thể hiện sự nghiêm khắc trên gương mặt. Các
nhà khoa học đã đo nồng độ hormone căng thẳng cortisol trong nước bọt của sinh viên
trước và sau khi nói chuyện.
Ở những sinh viên được đánh giá là có trí tuệ xúc cảm cao hơn, mức độ căng thẳng cũng
tăng lên nhiều hơn trong suốt cuộc thử nghiệm và mất nhiều thời gian hơn để trở lại như
ban đầu. Bà Hillary Anger Elfenbein, giáo sư về hành vi tổ chức của Đại học Washington
ở St. Louis, tuy không tham gia vào cuộc nghiên cứu nhưng bà cho biết những phát hiện
này cho thấy một số người có thể quá sắc sảo về tình cảm vì lợi ích của riêng họ. Bà lưu ý
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rằng: "Đôi khi bạn có thể giỏi trong một lĩnh vực nào đó nhưng điều đó có thể gây ra rắc
rối".
Thật vậy, nghiên cứu này bổ sung cho nghiên cứu trước đây ám chỉ mặt tối của trí tuệ xúc
cảm. Một nghiên cứu xuất bản năm 2002 về Nhân cách và Sự khác biệt Cá nhân đã cho
thấy những người có cảm xúc sâu sắc sẽ đặc biệt nhạy cảm với những cảm giác chán nản
và vô vọng. Hơn nữa, một số nghiên cứu, bao gồm một nghiên cứu được công bố vào
năm 2013 trên PLOS ONE đã ngụ ý rằng trí tuệ xúc cảm có thể được sử dụng để điều
khiến người khác vì mục đích cá nhân.
Ông Bechtoldt, giáo sư về hành vi tổ chức cho biết cần nghiên cứu nhiều hơn để xem xét
chính xác mối liên hệ giữa trí tuệ xúc cảm và căng thẳng sẽ diễn ra như thế nào ở phụ nữ,
ở các độ tuổi và trình độ học vấn khác nhau. Tuy nhiên, trí tuệ xúc cảm là một kỹ năng
hữu ích, miễn là bạn học được cách thích nghi với cảm xúc của người khác lẫn của chính
bạn. Ví dụ, một số cá nhân nhạy cảm có thể tỏ vẻ có trách nhiệm đối với nỗi buồn hoặc
cơn tức giận của người khác, điều này sẽ khiến họ bớt căng thẳng hơn. Hãy nhớ rằng,
Bechtoldt nói, "bạn không phải chịu trách nhiệm về cảm giác của người khác."
Bài báo này ban đầu được xuất bản với tiêu đề "Mặt tối của Trí tuệ Xúc cảm"
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5 postures to read books perfectly
Bibliophiles can read a book, immerse in the story completely, and finish a book
anywhere without even realizing that the experience could have been enhanced by the
correct posture of sitting. Yes, a correct posture of sitting while reading a book can
actually up your concentration levels leading to an active mind.
Plus, a good posture is always beneficial for your sine. This will in turn make the act of
reading the book more interesting. Here are some easy-to-follow postures that you could
totally try while reading that exciting and intriguing book, starting today!
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1. Sitting with the right leg height

When you are sitting on a chair to read your book, make sure your legs are placed
correctly or else you can have a painful end! It is important that the blood circulation to
your legs continues. So, make sure that the edge of your chair does not stop the blood
supply to your legs. Your thighs should be parallel to the floor when your lower legs are
perpendicular to the floor.
2. Support your feet
If you want to be seated in a relaxing posture, give your feet a platform to lift up. The
more cushion you provide to your feet, the more relaxed you will feel. Probably your
mind will also read better those intrinsic details of a scene.
3. Back your back
While you are sitting, a proper back support is a must. Hunching forward can surely lead
to neck and a back pain leading to reducing your focus, concentration, and your reading
time. So, if you want to continue reading the book seamlessly, please take care of your
back.
4. Sit up straight
You should always keep your spine in a neutral position. This can be easily done by
sitting straight up in your chair with your tailbone snug against the chair's back and
keeping your feet flat on the floor. Slouching your shoulders or lowering your face to
read should be avoided as the head weighs quite a bit and can cause some pain in the
spine.
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5. Eye Contact
It is advisable to bring the book up to meet the level of your eyes, which will help in
keeping your back straight. You can support your elbows with few pillows.
6. Breaks
We need breaks from everything. Even while reading, try to give yourself a little break.
Take small walks between your read, prepare some coffee or eateries or shake a leg, just
anything that gives your body a break from sitting in one posture for a long period. This
will also enhance your concentration as well as the curiosity to back to the story will be
intact - making the read a more pleasurable one.
5 tư thế đọc sách hoàn hảo

Những người đam mê sách có thể đọc một quyển sách, hoàn toàn đắm chìm vào câu
chuyện, và đọc hết cuốn sách ở bất cứ đâu mà không hề nhận ra rằng những trải nghiệm
từ cuốn sách có thể được nâng cao bằng cách ngồi đúng tư thế. Vâng, tư thế ngồi đúng
khi đang đọc một quyển sách có thể thực sự nâng cao mức độ tập trung của bạn dẫn đến
trí óc hoạt động có hiệu quả.
Ưu điểm là một tư thế ngồi đúng luôn luôn có lợi cho phương dọc của cơ thể. Điều này sẽ
làm cho hoạt động đọc sách thú vị hơn. Dưới đây là một số tư thế dễ dàng thực hiện mà
bạn hoàn toàn có thể thử trong khi đọc một cuốn sách thú vị và hấp dẫn, bắt đầu ngay
hôm nay nào!
1. Ngồi với chân đặt ở độ cao vừa phải

Khi bạn đang ngồi trên ghế để đọc sách, hãy chắc chắn rằng chân của bạn được đặt ở vị
trí chính xác, nếu không bạn có thể phải nhận một kết cục đau đớn! Điều quan trọng là
việc lưu thông máu đến chân bạn phải được diễn ra liên tục. Vì vậy, hãy đảm bảo rằng
cạnh của chiếc ghế không chặn đường cung cấp máu cho chân. Đùi của bạn nên được đặt
song song với sàn trong khi chân thấp hơn để vuông góc với sàn nhà.
2. Đỡ bàn chân của bạn lên
Nếu bạn muốn ngồi ở tư thế thoải mái, hãy đặt bàn chân của bạn lên một cái đệm để nâng
cao lên. Bạn càng cung cấp nhiều nệm để đôi bàn chân gác lên, bạn sẽ càng cảm thấy
thoải mái. Có lẽ tâm trí của bạn cũng sẽ hiểu tốt hơn những chi tiết bản chất của một lớp
cảnh.
3. Có chỗ dựa lưng
Trong khi đang ngồi, chỗ dựa lưng thích hợp là phải có. Việc khom lưng về phía trước
chắc chắn có thể dẫn đến cổ và lưng bị đau làm giảm sự chú ý, độ tập trung và thời gian
đọc của bạn. Vì vậy, nếu bạn muốn tiếp tục đọc liền mạch một cuốn sách, hãy quan tâm
chăm sóc lưng của bạn.
4. Ngồi thẳng dậy
Bạn nên luôn luôn giữ cột sống của bạn ở một vị trí trung lập. Điều này có thể dễ dàng
thực hiện bằng cách ngồi thẳng lưng trên ghế với xương sống dựa vào lưng ghế và giữ
208 | P a g e
chân của bạn nằm thẳng trên sàn nhà. Nghiêng vai hoặc cúi mặt để đọc là điều nên tránh
vì đầu có chút nặng và có thể gây ra đau cột sống.
5. Tiếp xúc bằng mắt
Đó là việc khôn ngoan khi bạn nâng cuốn sách lên để vừa với tầm mắt, điều này sẽ giúp
bạn giữ cho lưng thẳng. Bạn có thể nâng khuỷu tay bằng một vài chiếc gối.
6. Nghỉ ngơi
Khi làm bất cứ việc gì chúng ta cũng đều cần nghỉ ngơi. Ngay cả khi đọc sách, hãy thử
nghỉ ngơi một chút. Giữa những lúc đọc sách hãy dừng lại và đi bộ, chuẩn bị cà phê hoặc
ăn uống hoặc lắc chân, bất cứ thứ gì làm cho cơ thể bạn được thư giãn sau khi ở một tư
thế trong thời gian dài. Điều này cũng sẽ tăng cường sự tập trung của bạn, cũng như sự tò
mò khi trở lại câu chuyện sẽ được giữ nguyên vẹn - làm cho việc đọc sách trở nên vui
hơn.
209 | P a g e
Vietnam universities’ subjects among world’s best

The Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST) and the Viet Nam National
University (VNU), Hanoi have subjects among the top 600 in the world, according a UK-
based study.
The Hà Nội University of Science and Teachnoly has three subjects among world’s best.
– baotintuc.vn photo
Among the subjects of HUST ranked in the top 400-550 are mechanics engineering,
aviation and manufacturing, computer science and information systems.
Meanwhile, subjects at the VNU, Hà Nội which were ranked top 500-600 are physics and
astronomy and mechanical engineering.
The rankings were published by the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University which
collected data from 200 education entities in 153 countries last year.
HUST principal Prof. Trần Văn Tớp told Tuổi Trẻ (Youth) Newspaper: “The subjects
were very popular with high tuition fees but always attracted a lot of students because of
training quality and job opportunities.”
This was the first time HUST took part in the survey.
The electric and electronic techniques subject ranked 401ST to 450th group while the
subject of mechanics engineering, aviation and manufacturing was at 451st of top 500
and computer science and information system was at 501st of 550 group.
The rankings placed the VNU’s Physics and Astronomy department at 501st in the world,
the highest achieved.
Last year only two Vietnamese universities were among the top 1,000 in the world.
The QS World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by
London-based Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). – VNS
210 | P a g e
VN records trade deficit of $84m in two months

Viet Nam saw a trade deficit of US$84 million in the first two months of this year,
according to the General Statistics Office (GSO).
A view of Hai Phong port. The country’s export turnover rose 5.9 per cent year-on-year
to $36.68 billion in two months. — Photo haiphongport.com.vn
The country’s export turnover rose 5.9 per cent year-on-year to $36.68 billion in two
months thanks to great efforts of businesses in accelerating their exports to traditional
markets and seeking new outlets, especially for major staples such as fresh fruits, GSO
said.
The domestic sector contributed $10.72 billion to the country’s total export turnover in
the two-month period, up 9.9 per cent year-on-year. Meanwhile, the foreign-invested
sector made up $25.96 billion, representing a yearly hike of 4.3 per cent and accounting
for 71 per cent of the total.
Despite a year on year slide of 7.3 per cent, telephones and components still topped the
list with an export value of $6.8 billion, while garments and textiles experienced an
upward curve with the export turnover increasing by 19 per cent to $4.9 billion.
Other items posting a significant export value were computers and components with $4.2
billion, up 1.9 per cent; footwear with $2.7 billion, up 18.4 per cent, in addition to
machinery and spare parts at $2.6 billion, up 19.3 per cent; means of transport and
components at $1.4 billion, up 7.6 per cent and timber goods at $1.4 billion, up 13 per
cent.
211 | P a g e
The US remained the largest importer of Vietnamese products with a turnover rising by
34.4 per cent on year to $8.1 billion. It was followed by the EU with $6.3 billion, up 1.2
per cent and China with $5.1 billion, down 9.3 per cent.
Other major importers of local products included ASEAN countries, Japan, the Republic
of Korea (RoK) with respective turnovers of $3.8 billion, $3.2 billion and $3.1 billion.
Meanwhile, goods shipped to Viet Nam between January and February jumped by 7.5 per
cent year on year to $36.76 billion with key items including electronics, computers and
components at $7.5 billion, up 12 per cent; machinery, equipment and parts ($5.6 billion,
up 15 per cent) and cloth ($2.1 billion, up 16 per cent).
In the first two months, Viet Nam imported $10.7 billion worth of goods from China,
surging 17 per cent over the same period last year. With this turnover, this neighbouring
country has beaten the RoK to become a leading provider of goods for Viet Nam in the
period.
The RoK came next with $7.4 billion in value, a decline of 2.1 per cent. ASEAN nations,
Japan and the EU were the runners-up with $4.7 billion, $2.6 billion and $2.2 billion,
respectively. — VNS
212 | P a g e
PART 3: SONGS
Oah
Alexander Rybak
Singing oah, I love you, Moa

You're way too young for me
But I don't mind
Never mind what your girlfriends say
Deep inside, I'm quite okay
I may have fooled around once or twice
But I really need you
And it's not like I'm the only guy
I know how you make them cry
So let's start by being friends
And let this friendship never end
I knew you years ago
What I want, I don't know
But let you say it's love
Singing oah, I love you, Moa
You're way too young for me
But I don't mind
Don't say maybe, just be my lady
No need to hesitate
'Cause you'll be fine, yeah
So tell me what I want to hear
No wait, let's just leave it there
You know I'm not good for you
God, I don't know what to do
I liked you from the start
You melt my icy heart
And now it's burning out
Singing oah,…
213 | P a g e
Only Love
Trademark
2 am and the rain is falling But only love can say

Here we are at the crossroads once again Try again or walk away
You're telling me you're so confused But I believe for you and me
You can't make up your mind The sun will shine one day
Is this meant to be So I just play my part
You're asking me Pray you'll have a change of heart
But only love can say But I can't make you see it through
Try again or walk away That's something only love can do
But I believe for you and me I know if I could find the words
The sun will shine one day To touch you deep inside
So I just play my part You'll give my dreams just one
Pray you'll have a change of heart more chance
But I can't make you see it through To let this be our last goodbye
That's something only love can do But only love can say
In your arms as the dawn is breaking Try again or walk away
Face to face and a thousand miles apart But I believe for you and me
I've tried my best to make you see The sun will shine one day
There's hope beyond the pain So I just play my part
If we give enough Pray you'll have a change of heart
If we learn to trust But I can't make you see it through
That's something only love can do
That's something only love can do
214 | P a g e
Just the Way You Are

Bruno Mars
Oh, her eyes, her eyes make the stars look like they're not shinin'
Her hair, her hair falls perfectly without her trying
She's so beautiful and I tell her everyday
Yeah, I know, I know when I compliment her she won't believe me
And it's so, it's so sad to think that she don't see what I see
But every time she asks me "Do I look okay?"
I say
When I see your face

There's not a thing that I would change 'cause you're amazing
Just the way you are
And when you smile
The whole world stops and stares for a while
'Cause girl you're amazing
Yeah
Her lips, her lips, I could kiss them all day if she'd let me
Her laugh, her laugh she hates but I think it's so sexy
She's so beautiful, and I tell her everyday
Oh you know, you know, you know I'd never ask you to change
If perfect's what you're searching for then just stay the same
So don't even bother asking if you look okay, you know I'll say

There's not a thing that I would change
'Cause you're amazing
215 | P a g e

And when you smile
'Cause, girl, you're amazing
The way you are

The way you are
Girl, you're amazing

There's not a thing that I would change
'Cause you're amazing
And when you smile
'Cause, girl, you're amazing
Yeah
216 | P a g e
Heal the World

Michael Jackson
There's a place in your heart And the entire human race
And I know that it is love There are people dying
And this place could be much If you care enough for the living
Brighter than tomorrow Make a better place for you and for me
And if you really try And the dream we were conceived in
You'll find there's no need to cry Will reveal a joyful face
In this place you'll feel And the world we once believed in
There's no hurt or sorrow Will shine again in grace
There are ways to get there Then why do we keep strangling life
If you care enough for the living Wound this earth, crucify its soul
Make a little space Though it's plain to see
Make a better place This world is heavenly
Heal the world Be god's glow
Make it a better place We could fly so high
For you and for me Let our spirits never die
And the entire human race In my heart I feel you are all my brothers
There are people dying Create a world with no fear
If you care enough for the living Together we cry happy tears
Make it a better place See the nations turn their swords into
For you and for me plowshares
If you want to know why We could really get there
There's love that cannot lie If you cared enough for the living
Love is strong Make a little space
It only cares of joyful giving To make a better place
If we try we shall see Heal the world
In this bliss we cannot feel Make it a better place
Fear of dread For you and for me
We stop existing and start living And the entire human race
The it feels that always There are people dying
Love's enough for us growing If you care enough for the living
So make a better world Make a better place for you and for me
Make a better place There are people dying
Heal the world If you care enough for the living
Make it a better place Make a better place for you and for me
For you and for me You and for me
217 | P a g e
Take Me to Your Heart

Michael Learns to Rock
Hiding from the rain and snow

Trying to forget but I won't let go
Looking at a crowded street
Listening to my own heart beat
So many people all around the world
Tell me where do I find someone like you girl
Take me to your heart take me to your soul
Give me your hand before I'm old
Show me what love is - haven't got a clue
Show me that wonders can be true
They say nothing lasts forever
We're only here today
Love is now or never
Bring me far away
Give me your hand and hold me
Show me what love is - be my guiding star
It's easy take me to your heart
Standing on a mountain high
Looking at the moon through a clear blue sky
I should go and see some friends
But they don't really comprehend
Don't need too much talking without saying anything
All I need is someone who makes me want to sing
Give me your hand before I'm old
Show me what love is - haven't got a clue
Show me that wonders can be true
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One Call Away

Charlie Puth
I'm only one call away No matter where you go

I'll be there to save the day You know you're not alone
Superman got nothing on me I'm only one call away
I'm only one call away I'll be there to save the day
Call me, baby, if you need a friend Superman got nothing on me
I just wanna give you love I'm only one call away
Come on, come on, come on And when you're weak I'll be strong
Reaching out to you, so take a chance I'm gonna keep holding on
No matter where you go Now don't you worry, it won't be long,
You know you're not alone Darling
I'm only one call away And when you feel like hope is gone
I'll be there to save the day Just run into my arms
Superman got nothing on me I'm only one call away
I'm only one call away I'll be there to save the day
Come along with me and don't be scared Superman got nothing on me
I just wanna set you free I'm only one, I'm only one call away
Come on, come on, come one I'll be there to save the day
You and me can make it anywhere Superman got nothing on me
For now, we can stay here for a while, ay I'm only one call away
'Cause you know, I just wanna see you smile I'm only one call away
219 | P a g e
The Lazy Song

Bruno Mars
Today I don't feel like doing anything And she's gonna scream out, "This is
I just wanna lay in my bed great"
Don't feel like picking up my phone I might mess around and get my college
So leave a message at the tone degree
'Cause today I swear I'm not doing anything I bet my old man will be so proud of me
Uh, I'm gonna kick my feet up and stare at But sorry pops, you'll just have to wait
the fan Oh
Turn the TV on Yes I said it
Throw my hand in my pants I said it
Nobody's gon' tell me I can't, no I said it 'cause I can
I'll be loungin' on the couch, just chillin' in Today I don't feel like doing anything
my snuggie I just wanna lay in my bed
Flip to MTV so they can teach me how to Don't feel like picking up my phone
Dougie So leave a message at the tone
'Cause in my castle I'm the freakin' man 'Cause today I swear I'm not doing
Oh anything
Yes I said it No, I ain't gonna comb my hair
I said it 'Cause I ain't goin' anywhere
I said it 'cause I can No no no no no no no no no oh
Today I don't feel like doing anything I'll just strut in my birthday suit
I just wanna lay in my bed And let everything hang loose
Don't feel like picking up my phone Yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah
So leave a message at the tone yeah yeah yeah
'Cause today I swear I'm not doing anything Oh, today I don't feel like doing anything
Nothing at all I just wanna lay in my bed
Ooh hoo ooh hoo Don't feel like picking up my phone
Hoo ooh ooh So leave a message at the tone
Nothing at all 'Cause today I swear I'm not doing
Ooh hoo ooh hoo anything
Hoo ooh ooh Nothing at all
Ooh hoo ooh hoo
Hoo ooh ooh
Tomorrow, I'll wake up, do some P90x
Nothing at all
Meet a really nice girl, have some really nice
Ooh hoo ooh hoo
sex
Hoo ooh ooh
Nothing at all
220 | P a g e
Reality
Lost Frequencies
Decisions as I go, to anywhere I flow

Sometimes I believe, at times where I should know
I can fly high, I can go low
Today I got a million, tomorrow, I don't know
Stop crying like you're home and think about the show
We're all playing the same game, laying down alone
We're unknown and wrong, special when I come
Hate will make you cautious, love will make you glow
Make me feel the warm, make me feel the cold
It's written in our story, it's written on the walls
This is our call, we rise and we fall
Dancin' in the moonlight, don't we have it all?
Make me feel the warm, make me feel the cold
It's written in our story, it's written on the walls
This is our call, we rise and we fall
Dancin' in the moonlight, don't we have it all?
221 | P a g e
What Are Words

Chris Medina
Anywhere you are What are words if you really

I am near Don't mean them when you say them
Anywhere you go What are words if they're only
I'll be there For good times then that's all
Anytime you whisper my name When it's love ya you say them
You'll see Out loud these words
Every single promise I'll keep They never go away
'Cause what kind of guy They live on
Would I be Even when we're gone
If I was to leave Anywhere you are
When you need me most I am near
What are words if you really Anywhere you go
Don't mean them when you say them I'll be there
What are words if they're only And I'm gonna be here forever more
For good times then that's all Every single promise I'll keep
When it's love ya you say them 'Cause what kind of guy would I be
Out loud these words If I was to leave
They never go away When you need me most
They live on I'm forever keeping my angel close
Even when we're gone
And I know an angel was sent
Just for me an I know I'm meant
To be where I am and I'm gonna be
Standing right beside her tonight
And I'm gonna be by your side
I would never leave when she needs me
most
222 | P a g e
Cry on My Shoulder
Deutschland sucht den Superstar
If the hero never comes to you But if you wanna cry

If you need someone you're feeling blue Cry on my shoulder
If you wait for love and you're alone If you need someone
If you call your friends nobody's home Who cares for you
You can run away but you can't hide If you're feeling sad
Through a storm and through a lonely night Your heart gets colder
Then I'll show you there's a destiny Yes I show you what real love can do
The best things in life they are free But if you wanna cry
But if you wanna cry Cry on my shoulder
Cry on my shoulder If you need someone
If you need someone Who cares for you
Who cares for you If you're feeling sad
If you're feeling sad Your heart gets colder
Your heart gets colder Yes I show you what real love can do
Yes I show you what real love can do What real love can do
What real love can do
If your sky is grey oh, let me know What love can do
There's a place in heaven where we'll go What love can do
If heaven is a million years away Love can do
Oh, just call me and I'll make your day
When the nights are gettin' cold and blue
When the days are gettin' hard for you
I will always stay here by your side
I promise you I'll never hide
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Giao Trinh Xay Dung Nen Tang Toeic, Vnu, Ielts, Giao Tiep

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Giao Trinh Xay Dung Nen Tang Toeic, Vnu, Ielts, Giao Tiep

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GIÁO TRÌNH

FOUNDATION - TOEIC 550

ACE THE FUTURE ENGLISH

LET’S SPEAK 3: .................................................................................................................................... 106

Não trái thiên về ngôn ngữ học hơn .................................................................................................. 194

I. CẤU TRÚC VÀ CÁC

1. HAI TRƯỜNG HỢP CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ

I work for an international company in the Mr. Linh is very nice/kind.

2. TRONG CẤU TRÚC S+V (ĐỘNG TỪ TOBE),

3. CÁC THÀNH PHẦN CỦA CÂU

3.2 Verbs (Động từ)

3.3 Objects (Tân ngữ)

3.4 Complements (Bổ ngữ)

3.5 M – Modifier (Bổ nghĩa)

- Adverb Modifiers (Modify V, ADJ, ADV)

Arrive when? Tomorrow.

- Cụm từ, mệnh đề:

3.6 Adjuncts (Trạng từ bổ sung)

I dropped my bag next to my seat and sat down.

4. MỘT SỐ TRẬT TỰ CỤ THỂ CÁC THÀNH PHẦN CÂU

4.3 S + V + SC (subject compliment)

4.5 S + V + indirect object (IO) + direct object (DO)

4.6 S + V + direct object (DO) + Preposition + indirect object (IO)

4.7 S + V + O + OC (object complement)

4.8 S + V + Pre + Prepositional object

5. MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CÂU

5.1 Câu đơn: Simple sentences

5.2 Câu hợp: Compound sentences

Do you go to Da Lat this month or (you) wait until next month?

5.3 Câu phức: Complex sentences

5.4 Câu phức hợp: Composite sentences

6. BÀI TẬP THÀNH PHẦN CÂU

BÀI 1: Circle the correct answers.

B. Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object

2. Cadets at West Point are considered members of the regular Army.

10. U. S. Grant was an effective general but an ineffectual president.

BÀI TẬP 3: Exercise Identify the following sentences as simple, compound,

BÀI TẬP 4:Understanding Sentence Elements: Review Exercises In the following

with others in our solar system.

Reading 1: The Elephant Rope

Failure is part of learning; we should never give up the struggle in life.

II. PRONOUN – ĐẠI TỪ

1. CÁC LOẠI ĐẠI TỪ (TYPES OF PRONOUNS

1 Đại Từ Nhân Xưng (Personal Pronouns)

2. BẢNG TỔNG HỢP ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG,

Personal Personal Possessive Reflexive pronouns Adjective

• Lưu ý đại từ nhấn mạnh (Emphatic pronouns)

3. ĐẠI TỪ CHỈ ĐỊNH – DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Chỉ đối tượng ở gần Chỉ đối tượng ở xa

4. ĐẠI TỪ NGHI VẤN – INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

WHO – WHOM – WHOSE - WHAT – WHICH

(Người đàn ông đó là ai?)

5. ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ – RELATIVE PRONOUNS

WHO – WHOSE – WHICH – THAT – WHERE

• Được học trong phần MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

1. BẢNG PHÂN LOẠI DANH TỪ

Danh từ đếm được Danh từ không đếm được

- These bags are made of paper.

Would you like a beer/coffee/tea?

Danh từ đơn (single nouns) Danh từ ghép (compound nouns)

2. MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý KHÁC CỦA DANH TỪ

Một số danh từ có tận cùng là –s không thay đổi ở dạng số nhiều.

- Headquarters (trụ sở chính, sở chỉ huy)

Một số danh từ luôn được dùng ở dạng số nhiều