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Promotion Mix
Promotion Mix
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Meaning
• Modern marketing calls for more than just developing a good product, pricing it attractively, and
making it available to the target market. Despite of these functions marketers must communicate
their consumers about the product, price and its availability.
• Matching the specific needs and wants of the buyers, putting price on the product and making
product available to the market only cannot help organizations achieve their objectives of profit
unless buyers are communicated about the product, its price and availability.
• All the activities of an organization associated with communicating about its product, price and
availability is promotion.
• Promotion is the component or element of marketing mix that is associated with informing,
persuading and reminding the market about the product and offers, price, and availability which
directly or indirectly affect the consumer behavior and organizational sales.
• According to Philip Kotler :-" Promotion includes all the activities the company undertakes to
communicate and promote its products to the target market".
• promotion is a tool used by company in order to communicate products' features, quality, prices,
ingredients, design, utility, benefits and so on to the actual and potential customers and channel
members. It consists of advertising, personal selling, publicity, sales promotion and public relation
function. These tools are used to increase sales, build brand value and recognition, strengthen market
positioning, and lunch new products.
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Promotion Mix
• A company’s total marketing communication mix – also called as promotion mix
consists of the specific blend of advertising, sales promotion, public relation,
personal selling, and direct marketing tool that the company uses to pursue its
advertising and marketing objectives.
i. Advertising: any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of
ideas, goods or services by and identified sponsor.
ii. Sales promotion: Short term in incentives to encourage the purchase or sale
of a product or service.
iii. Public relations: building good relations with the company’s various publics
by obtaining favorable publicity, building up a good corporate image and
handling or heading off unfavorable rumors, stories and events.
iv. Personal selling: personal presentation by the firm’s sales force for the
purpose of making sales and building customer relationships.
v. Direct marketing: direct connections with carefully targeted individual
consumers to both obtain an immediate response and cultivate lasting
customer relationships through the use of telephone, mail, fax, e-mail, internet
and other tools to communicate, directly with specific consumers. 3
Factors Affecting Determination of promotion Mix
1. Promotion Objective
2. Promotion Budget
3. Nature of Market
4. Nature of Product
5. Product Life Cycle
6. Promotion Strategy
(push, pull, interpersonal, Mass communication)
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Promotion Objective
• For clear information objective – Advertisement and propagation
• For assurance objective – Personal Selling and Advertisement
• For order/demand objective – Personal selling and Sales promotion
• For reminding objective - Advertisements
Nature of Market
• Small Market – One way method/Personal selling
• Big market – More than one medium
• Consumer Market – Advertisement and Sales promotion
• Industrial Market- Personal sales and Promotional Sale
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Nature of Product
For Consumer goods – Advertisement
For Industrial goods- Personal selling
For low priced goods –Advertisement and Sale promotional
For high priced goods-Personal Selling and Local advertisement
For Special goods – Personal selling and propagation
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Objective / Functions of advertising
Preparing Ground for New Product
New product needs introduction because potential customers have never used such
product earlier and the advertisement prepare a ground for that new product.
Creation of Demand
The main objective of the advertisement is to create a favorable climate for maintaining
of improving sales. Customers are to be reminded about the product and the brand. It may
induce new customers to buy the product by informing them its qualities since it is possible that
some of the customers may change their brands.
Facing the Competition
Another important objective of the advertisement is to face to competition. Under
competitive conditions, advertisement helps to build up brand image and brand loyalty and
when customers have developed brand loyalty, becomes difficult for the middlemen to change
it.
Creating or Enhancing Goodwill: Large scale advertising is often undertaken with the
objective of creating or enhancing the goodwill of the advertising company. This, in turn,
increases the market receptiveness of the company’s product and helps the salesmen to11 win
customers easily.
Objective / Functions of advertising
Informing the Changes to the Customers
Whenever changes are made in the prices, channels of distribution or in the
product by way of any improvement in quality, size, weight, brand, packing, etc., they
must be informed to the public by the producer through advertisement.
Neutralizing Competitor’s Advertising
Advertising is unavoidable to complete with or neutralize competitor’s advertising.
When competitors are adopting intensive advertising as their promotional strategy, it is
reasonable to follow similar practices to neutralize their effects. In such cases, it is essential for
the manufacturer to create a different image of his product.
Barring New Entrants
From the advertiser’s point of view, a strongly built image through long advertising
helps to keep new entrants away. The advertisement builds up a certain monopoly are for the
product in which new entrants find it difficult to enter.
• In short, advertising aims at benefiting the producer, educating the consumer and
supplementing the salesmen. Above all it is a link between the producer and the consumer.
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Types of Advertising
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Types of advertising
• Print Advertising - The print media has been used for advertising since long. The
newspapers and magazines are quite popular modes of advertising for different
companies all over the world. Using the print media, the companies can also promote
their products through brochures and fliers. The newspaper and magazines sell the
advertising space and the cost depends on several factors. The quantity of space, the
page of the publication, and the type of paper decide the cost of the advertisement. So
an ad on the front page would be costlier than on inside pages. Similarly an ad in the
glossy supplement of the paper would be more expensive than in a mediocre quality
paper.
• Broadcast Advertising - This type of advertising is very popular all around the world.
It consists of television, radio, or Internet advertising. The ads on the television have a
large audience and are very popular. The cost of the advertisement depends on the
length of the ad and the time at which the ad would be appearing. For example, the
prime time ads would be more costly than the regular ones. Radio advertising is not
what it used to be after the advent of television and Internet, but still there is specific
audience for the radio ads too. The radio jingles are quite popular in sections of
society and help to sell the products. 14
Types of advertising
• Outdoor Advertising - Outdoor advertising makes use of different tools to gain
customer’s attention. The billboards, kiosks, and events and tradeshows are an effective
way to convey the message of the company. The billboards are present all around the
city but the content should be such that it attracts the attention of the customer. The
kiosks are an easy outlet of the products and serve as information outlets for the
people too. Organizing events such as trade fairs and exhibitions for promotion of the
product or service also in a way advertises the product. Therefore, outdoor
advertising is an effective advertising tool.
• Covert Advertising - This is a unique way of advertising in which the product or the
message is subtly included in a movie or TV serial. There is no actual ad, just the
mention of the product in the movie. For example, Tom Cruise used the Nokia phone
in the movie Minority Report.
• Public Service Advertising - As evident from the title itself, such advertising is for
the public causes. There are a host of important matters such as AIDS, political
integrity, energy conservation, illiteracy, poverty and so on all of which need more
awareness as far as general public is concerned. This type of advertising has gained
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much importance in recent times and is an effective tool to convey the message.
Advertising Budget
• “Money does matter a lot.”
• Advertising Budget is the amount of money which can be or has to be spent on
advertising of the product to promote it, reach the target consumers and make the
sales chart go on the upper side and give reasonable profits to the company.
• Before finalizing the advertising budget of an organization or a company, one has to
take a look on the favorable and unfavorable market conditions which will have an
impact on the advertising budget.
• The market conditions to watch out for are as follows:
Frequency of the advertisement
Competition and Clutter
Market Share of the Product
Product Life Cycle Stage
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Advertising Budget considerations
i. Frequency of the Advertisement
This means the number of times advertise has been shown with the description of the product or service, in the
granted time slots. So here, if any company needs more advertising frequency for its product, then the company
will have to increase its advertising budget.
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Sales Promotion
An extra A tool to
incentive to buy speed up sales
Targeted to
different parties
Sales Promotion Tools
Consumer-Oriented Trade-Oriented
Samples Contests, dealer incentives
Bonus packs
Packs Cooperative advertising
Price-off deals
Frequency
Loyalty programs
programs
Event marketing
FREE SAMPLES
These are distributed to attract consumers to try
out a new product and thereby create new
customers. Some businessmen distribute samples
among selected persons in order to popularize the
product.
Common examples - shampoo, washing powder,
coffee powder, etc.
Premiums
Self-liquidating Premiums:
Free Premiums:
require consumer to pay
Only require purchase of the
some or all of the cost of the
product
premium
COUPONS
Sometimes, coupons are issued by manufacturers
either in the packet of a product or through an
advertisement printed in the newspaper or magazine
or through mail. These coupons can be presented to
the retailer while buying the product. The holder of
the coupon gets the product at a discount. Best
example for this is coupons distributed by the pizza
restaurants like dominos, pizza hut, etc
Contests and Sweepstakes
Price-off offer
TRADE PROMOTION
What is Trade Promotion?
• Marketing or Promotional activities undertaken to promote a new or
existing product, increase sales of existing products, expand market share
or create brand awareness among the distribution channels wholesalers,
retailers, etc.
Trade Shows
Cooperative Advertising
Trade Contests
Used to achieve sales targets.
Funds known as “spiff money.”
Rewards can be prizes or cash.
Can be designed for various channel
members.
Some organizations do not allow trade
contests because of possible conflict of
interests.
TRADE INCENTIVES
Cooperative merchandising agreement
(CMA)
Corporate sales program (CSP)
Producing plant allowance (PPA)
Back haul allowance (BHA)
Cross-dock or Pedal runs
Premium or bonus pack
TRADE SHOWS
Ranks 3rd in B-to-B marketing expenditures.
Manufacturers spend huge amounts of money per show....
Largest trade shows all over the world are:
International CES ( consumer electronic and technology shows )
The Super Show ( Texas car & vehicle shows )
Miami International Boat Show & Strictly Sail
International Housewares Show
Mid-America Trucking Show
Egs in India are auto expos (last year jan 5 to jan 11 ),vivah mumbai
( 2-4th august), food fairs etc .
Trade Allowances
Off-invoice allowance: a per-case rebate paid to
retailers for an order.
Drop-ship allowance: money paid to retailers
who bypass wholesalers or brokers for pre-
planned orders.
Slotting fees: money paid to retailers to stock a
new product.
Exit fees: money paid to retailers to remove an
item from their inventory