Cuddalore Powergen Corporation Limited was incorporated on November 22, 1993, is an Independent Power Producer

(IPP) developing of 2 × 660 MW coal based thermal power project at Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India.

The project is under development and currently undergoing the certification process, and upon completion of this
effort, as well as commissioning on the power plant, will sell all of its power to TNEB on a take-or-pay basis

The company has signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) with TNEB during September 2006.

CUDDALORE POWERGEN CORPORATION LIMITED

443 Anna Salai, Guna Building,
Teynampet,
Chennai – 600018. India
Phone : +91-44-24326171
Fax : +91-44-24333201
Email : cpc@cuddalorepower.in
HR Contact Address:
The HR Department
BGR Energy Systems Limited
443, Anna Salai, Teynampet,
  Chennai – 600 018
Phone : 91-44-24334940
Fax     : 91-44-24334935
Email   : hr@bgrenergy.com
Mega Power Projects & Associated projects in Tamil Nadu.

PRIMEEAST THERMAL POWER STATION (PETPS)”

CONTACT US

Corp Office

PEL POWER LTD,

8-2-293/82/A/76, Road No. 9A,
Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad – 500 033.
Andhra Pradesh, India.

Tel : 040-44604888
Fax: 040-44604899

Email: info@pelpower.com
Visit www.pelpower.com

Regd Office

PEL POWER LTD,

Patel Estate,
S.V.Road, Jogeshwari West,
Mumbai - 400 102

Tel : 2678 2455/2678 2885

Fax: 022 2678 2455/1505

E-mail: headoffice@pateleng.com
Address: C-4, G.F.,OLD DLF COLONY,
NEAR SECTOR – 14
GURGAON, HARYANA,
INDIA
PIN-122 001
Tel.: +91 – 124 – 426 - 7246
Fax: +91 – 124 – 436 – 4165

Email:
info@udiigroup.com

www.udiigroup.com
UDI INFRASTRUCTURE GROUP OF COMPANIES
UDI INFRASTRUCTURE GROUP OF COMPANIES

==Merchant Thermal Power Plants==

கடலூர் | IL&FS Tamil Nadu Power Company
Ltd. | Cuddalore | 3600 MW Power Plant
(Phase-I 1200 MW & Phase-II 2400 MW)
Project Website: http://www.ilfsindia.com/projects1.a...=7&subLink=117

Quote:

IL&FS is developing a 3600 MW (2x600MW in Phase I) imported coal based Thermal

Power Project in Tamil Nadu. The Phase I of the project (1200MW) would be utilizing
sub-critical technology while Phase II (2400MW) would utilize supercritical boiler
technology and would source coal from Indonesia/Australia/SA etc. The project would
consist of a dedicated port/jetty with enabling infrastructure for import of 15-25 million
tones of coal per annum along with other plants and machinery

IL&FS has acquired a mine in Indonesia, which will cater to the coal requirement for
this project. All major clearances including environment clearance from MoEF has been
obtained for this project. The debt financial closure for Phase I has been achieved in
December 2009 with a consortium of 19 banks. The power generated would be sold
under both long term Power Purchase Agreement and as merchant power. IEDCL has
been appointed Project Development Advisor for the project

நாகப்பட்டிணம் | UDI Infrastructure Multi

Product SEZ | Nagapattinam | 2500 acres |
1980 MW Power Plant | 6 MTPA Sea Port
Project Website: http://udiigroup.com/projects.html
Quote:

1980 MW Power Plant

UDI Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. Is currently setting up a 3 X 660 MW coal based
vttthThermal Powe thermal merchant power plant in coastal region of Nagapattinam,
Tamil Nadu. The plant will be set up by 2012.

6 MTPA Sea Port

UDI Infrastructure is also setting up a captive sea port to facilitate the transportation
of coal from both foreign and domestic sources. The Port will be able to handle six
million Tons of coal per annum.

1000 cu. m Water Desalination Plant

UDI Infrastructure is setting up a RO Sea water Desalination Plant with a production

capacity of approximately 1000 cubic meters of fresh water per hour. The
Desalination plant shall meet the consumptive needs of both the UDI Power Plant as
well as the Proposed SEZ including the township.

2500 acre Multi product SEZ

UDII GROUP proposes to setup a Multi – product SEZ spread over 2500 acres of land
with unlimited and undinterrupted supply of power and fresh water along the coastal
region of Tamil Nadu. The proposed SEZ will provide a Township, Schools and Colleges,
Hospitals, Multiplex and Malls and other facilities of international standards.

திருக்குவளை | Tridem Power & Port |

Tirukkuvalai | 2000 acre FTZ | 2000 MW
Power Plant | 40 MTPA Sea Port
Project Website:
http://www.elginindustries.com/en/sitecore/content/Engineering%20and
%20Construction/Soros/Projects/Tridem%20Power%20and%20Port%20-
%20Thirukkuvalai%20Port%20Development.aspx?industry={136AEC48-8C9B-
4315-A4AA-B7ADDE5F39E1}

Quote:

Soros’ design included development for a port facility at Thirukkuvalai coast, south of
Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu India. The development of the port involved construction
of breakwaters, construction of wharves / berths, and dredging the berthing areas,
harbour basin, turning circle and the approach channel.

The modality and details of our design breakdown for the Port and Backup Areas for
the Port included:

· Port limits up to 15 km from the shoreline.

· Approximately 278-acre waterfront area with some 3.2 km coastline.

· Reclaimed area from dredged materials extending outwards from the 3.

· 2 km coastline. Size of area is to be determined by Consultant.

· A contiguous 2,000 acre Free Trade Zone area with a suitable area so me 3 km away
 for storage of thermal coal directly from the berths and evacuated subsequently to the
power plant and to other port users by rail or road. The size and modality of storage
area are to be determined by the Consultant.

· Areas in the same Free Trade Zone for (a) a Tank Farm for the handling and storage
of Bulk Liquid through the Port and (b) storage of RoRo vehicles. The size and modality
of storage area are to be determined by the Consultant.

தூத்துக்குடி | Coastal Energen Pvt Ltd|

Tuticorin | 1200 MW Power Plant
Project Website: http://www.coastalenergen.com/

Quote:

Coastal Energen Pvt Ltd (ENERGEN), the Power Generating Flagship Company of the
Coal and Oil Group, is setting up a 1200 MW coal fired thermal power plant in the
district of Tuticorin in the State of Tamil Nadu , India.

Our maiden power project in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, South India is a logical extension
of our multi disciplinary capabilities building on our diverse strengths and leveraging
our varied experiences in “Fuel Management” which gives Coastal Energen a distinct
advantage as a low cost Power Producer.
Tuticorin has been identified by both the Central Government of India and State
Government of Tamilnadu as a power generating centre for southern Tamilnadu lying
as it does in the middle of the power corridor.

Situated only 13 kms from Tuticorin town, our project enjoys the following advantages:

•
Close proximity to a major town (13 kms)

•
Within 21 kms of a major port

•
Excellent road, Rail & Air connectivity

•
Excellent grid connectivity

The project has achieved fast progress since its inception.

•
Land fully acquired

•
PPA Agreement Signed

•
MOEF Clearance issued

•
Funding fully tied up and secured

•
BTG order finalized

•
Discussion with PGCIL for power evacuation

•
Engineering Consultants appointed

•
Manpower in place

•
Site preparation completed

•
Geo-technical investigations completed

•
Construction water and power in place

•
Water allocated by TWAD Board for process requirements

நாகப்பட்டிணம் | PEL Power Pvt Ltd |

Nagapattinam | 1000 MW Power Plant
Project Website: http://www.pelpower.com/project.html

Quote:

Located in the east coast, near Marudam Pallam, Sirkali town, in Tharangambadi taluk
of Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu in the Southern part of India.

Land required for setting up of the Plant has been acquired.

Environmental clearances from the Ministry of Environment and Forest in progress.
Coal required for running the Plant is to be received by Sea. Coal linkage application
process Fuel Supply Agreement with M/s. PT Equity Commodities, Indonesia
Evacuation of Power through 400 KV Transmission line to be laid by TNEB/PGCIL

ICB for BTG and BOP in packages is in process

First Unit of 500 MW to be commissioned by March 2012 and the second Unit in 3
months there from
DPR prepared by the Consultants viz. Fichtner India Pvt.Ltd is in place
Project estimated to cost about Rs.5000 crore.
Financing through 70% Debt from Banks/DFIs and 30% Equity from Promoters
MOA with PTC India Ltd. for marketing 70% of net power generated through a Long
Term PPA is in process
TNEB to take 25% of power through Bidding process with first right to reject at Tariff
to be determined by TNERC
Balance power available will be sold through Power Exchange India Ltd.(PXIL)

Key Management Personnel with rich and wide experience power sector are in place

நாகப்பட்டிணம் | NSL Power Pvt Ltd. |

Nagapattinam | 1500 MW Power Plant
Project Website: http://www.nslpower.com/convene.htm

Quote:

Tamilnadu Govt. has issued Letter of Facilitation to NSL Power Limited for setting up
Coastal Power Generation Plant (Merchant Power Plant) of 1500 MW capacity at
Sirkazhi and Tarangambadi Taluks in Nagapattinam Dist. This project is under
implementation with targeted commissioning First Phase by Oct - Nov 2011. Second
Phase by Feb - March 2012.

» MOU signed with Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) for Coal/Lignite Exploration, Mine
Planning, Mine Survey, Contract Management, Industrial Engineering, Mining, HSE, etc.

» MOU signed with IDFC Projects for development of Pit-head Thermal Power Project.

Salient Features Capacity of Power Plant 1500 MW Configuration 2 x 660 MW

Commissioning Planning to commission the station capacity by March 2012 Type of
Power Plant Coal based Merchant Power Plant Location Kaveripattinam – Tarangambadi
Coastal region in Sirkazhi and Tarangambadi taluks of Nagapattinam District. Coal
Source a) Coal Blocks identified in Indonesia.

b) Application submitted to Ministry of Coal for Long Term Coal linkage to be alloted
shortly. Water Source 1) Sea-water cooling envisaged for Condenser Cooling.

2) Soft Water requirement shall be met through De-salination Plant / RO Plant.

Status
‡ Letter of Facilitation for setting up of Merchant Power Plant received from the Govt.
of Tamilnadu on 10th December 2007
‡ Land Requirement is about 1280 Acres, the land identification completed and
acquisition in progress.
‡ In the Process of obtaining necessary statutory clearences from Tamilnadu Maritime
Board (TNMB) has given in-principle approval for development of port.

‡ Tamilnadu Maritime Board had approved for establishing offshore coal handling
terminal.
‡ Feasibility Report, for development of Open Jetty, closer to the identified Project Site
and also Coal Handling Terminal to unload imported coal from the ship & transfer to
Coal stock yard, has been received from the Consultants appointed by us. TFR is being
filed with TNMB for final approval of Port.
‡ Discussions are being held with South Indian Mills’ Association and others for tie-up
to supply the power from our proposed Merchant Power Plant,on long term basis.

கடலூர் | SRM Energy Ltd. | Cuddalore |

2000 MW Power Plant| 8000 Crores
Project Website: http://www.spicenergy.com/Businesses/Power.aspx

Quote:

SRM Energy’s first project will be an imported coal fired plant located at Cuddalore in
Tamil Nadu. Out of a total requirement of about 1,200 acres of land for the project,
about 500 acres have already been acquired. The company has already received a
letter of facilitation from the Tamil Nadu Government for setting up a 2,000 MW power
plant.SRM Energy has also signed a long-term Coal Purchase agreement for the supply
of 5 million tonnes of coal per annum for 20 years from mines in Indonesia, and is also
looking at opportunities to acquire captive mines. The detailed EIA study is underway
after obtaining approval of the Terms of Reference (TOR) from the Ministry of
Environment & Forests. The company has invited tenders from prospective EPC
contractors, and the final EPC contract is scheduled to be awarded by May 2009.
Finally, SRM Energy has entered into a PPA for sale of entire power generated by the
Cuddalore plant with the Tata Power Trading Company Ltd.
Apart from these, following projects are under proposal without much info.

கடலூர் | Cuddalore | Cuddalore Powergen

Corporation Limited (CPC) | 1320 MW |
6000 Crores
http://www.bgrcorp.com/cpcl.php

Quote:

Cuddalore Powergen Corporation Limited was incorporated on November 22, 1993, is

an Independent Power Producer (IPP) developing of 2 × 660 MW coal based thermal
power project at Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India.

The project is under development and currently undergoing the certification process,
and upon completion of this effort, as well as commissioning on the power plant, will
sell all of its power to TNEB on a take-or-pay basis

The company has signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) with TNEB during
September 2006.

மனப்பட் (தூத்துக்குடி) | Manapad

(Tuticorin) | Ind-Barat Power Pvt. Ltd |
1320 MW Power Plant

மரக்காணம் | Marakkanam | Apollo

Infrastructure Project Finance Com. Pvt Ltd
| 2000 MW Power Plant

தூத்துக்குடி | Tuticorin | Sri City

Infrastructure Dev. Ltd | 1000 MW Power
Plants

குருவிமேடு | Kuruvimedu | Kuruvimedu

Thermal Power Project | 1000 MW
ராமநாதபுரம் | Ramanathapuram |
Ramanathapuram Power Project | 1000 MW

நாகப்பட்டிணம் | Nagapattinam | McNamara

International Pvt Ltd | 2000 MW

ETA Star Energy Pvt Ltd | 1200 MW

http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache...ient=firefox-a

Quote:

ETA STAR has acquired a 100 million tonne (mt) coal mine in Indonesia, worth $300
million, to fuel its proposed 1,200 MW power plant coming up in coastal Tamil Nadu.
ETA STAR resources, Indonesia, a wholly owned subsidary of the Group, will own the
mine and sell coal in the recently floated Indian subsidary, ETA STAR Enery which will
own the power project, ETA STAR director Hameed Syed Salahuddin told Economic
Times.
Mr.Hameed Salahuddin, Director, ETA-STAR said, "we will finalise our plans for the
Port venture after the bathmetry study is drafted, which is underway. We will convey
our intensions to the TN government shortly
The group plans to start coal production from the Indonesian mine by 2010. the entire
production will be for the indian Power Projects. Initially, we plan to export 2-3MT coal
annually and later, it will be increased. At present, we are setting up road
infrastructure for evacuating coal from the mine", said the Director, adding that ETA
would invest $3.5 billion in the India's infrastructure and realty sectors

Kumbakonam | GEMAC Energy Limited

(GEL) | 1320 MW| INR 6000 Crores
== State /Central Power Plants ==
contrib by Arul Murugan

சென்னை | North Chennai Thermal Power

Station I | 600MW Power Plant
Capacity : 1x600MW
Total cost of the project without IDC : 2475 crores
Name of the contractor : M/s.BHEL
Zero date : 18.02.08 Schedule date of commissioning : 17.02.11

Present stage of the project :

The Civil foundation works for Boiler, Chimney ESP have been completed. Boiler and ESP
Column erection commenced on 01.06.09. Drum lifting is scheduled during November
2009.

சென்னை | North Chennai Thermal Power

Station II | 600MW Power Plant
Capacity : 1x600MW
Total cost of the project without IDC : 2175 crores+125 crores
Name of the contractor : M/s.BHEL
Zero date : 16.08.08 Schedule date of commissioning : 15.08.11

Present stage of the project

Civil foundation for boiler ESP,Mill and Bunker bay completed and in progress in power
house and TG Buil;ding.
The erection work for boiler and ESP commenced during August are under progress.
சென்னை | North Chennai Thermal Power
Station III | Tri-Sakthi Energy Pvt. Ltd |
525 MW power plant

மேட்டூர்/சேலம் | Mettur/Salem Thermal

Power Station- Stage-III | 600MW
Capacity : 1x600MW
Total cost of the project without IDC : 3100.06 crores
Name of the contractor : M/s.BGRESL
Zero date : 25.06.08 Schedule date of commissioning : 23.06.11

Present stage of the project :

Weigh bridge No.1 installation completed and weigh bridge No.2 work is in progress. 709
meters length of compound wall completed out of 2.412 Km. 50% roof work completed
in 400 KV GIS and Cable trench RTS binding work is in progress in 230 KV GIS.
Assembly & erection of slip form is in progress in Chimney. Foundation and pedestal
completed in Cooling Tower. Foundation work completed in D.M. System and Equipment
foundations to be provided. HFO & HSD tank foundation works completed. The first
milestone activity of Boiler column erection was carried out on 29.09.2009

சென்னை | NTPC/TNEB JV | Chennai Vallur

power Plant | 1500MW
Location : Vallur village in North Chennai
Capacity : 3 x 500MW
Total cost of the project without IDC : 8000 Crores
Name of the contractor : Main plant contractor M/s.BHEL
Zero date : 13.08.2007 Schedule date of commissioning : Unit I - Oct.2010
Unit II - Mar.2011
Unit III - Sep 2012

Present stage of the project :

Main Plant work consists of turbine, boiler, generator etc., was awarded to M/s. BHEL on
13.08.2007. M/s. BHEL has mobilized for boiler erection work. The boiler drum has
already been received at site. BHEL has been awarded the main plant works for stage II
(1X500 MW). The civil / structural works are carried out simultaneously along with stage
I works in full swing.

காட்டுப்பள்ளி | Kattupalli Thermal power

plant |1600 MW
Locaion: Kattupalli village in Tiruvallur District
Capacity: 2 x 800 MW
Status: Pre-feasibility study completed. EIA is under process

தூத்துக்குடி | Tuticorin NTPL JV power plant

| 1000MW
Location : Tuticorin
Capacity : 2 x 500MW
Total cost of the project without IDC : 4909 Crores
Name of the contractor : Main plant contractor M/s. BHEL Zero date : 12.05.2008
Schedule date of commissioning : Unit I - Mar.2012
Unit II - Aug.2012

Present stage of the project :

Site preparation works are under progress. LOA issued to M/s L&T for coal handling
system of the project.

உடன்குடி/தூத்துக்குடி | Udangudi Power

plant | 1600MW
Location : Udangudi near Trichendur
Capacity : 2 x 800MW
Total cost of the project without IDC : 9083 Crores
Name of the contractor : Yet to be finalised
Zero date : Yet to be fixed Schedule date of commissioning : Unit I - Mar.2013
Unit II- Sep.2013

Present stage of the project :

Preliminary works are completed. Site specific studies such as EIA study has been
completed. Public hearing are over. On receipt of approval from state level CZMA(Coastal
Zone Management Authority), application will be filed to the MOEF for Environmental
clearance of the project.

http://www.tneb.in/template_3.php?te...d=0&subcid=167

செய்யூர் | Cheyyur | Ultra Mega Power Plant

| 4000 MW | Captive Port
Location : Cheyyur
Capacity :4000 MW
Investment : 16000 crore INR

Features

 The Ultra Mega Power Projects would use Super Critical Technology with
a view to achieve higher levels of fuel efficiency, which results in saving of
fuel and lower green-house gas emissions.
  Flexibility in unit size subject to adoption of specified minimum
Supercritical parameters.
 Integrated power project with dedicated captive coal blocks for pithead
projects.
 Coastal projects to use imported coal.

நாகப்பட்டிணம் | Nagapattinam | Ultra

Mega Power Plant | 4000 MW | Captive Port
| Proposed

ஜெயம்கொண்டம்| Jayamkondam power

plant |Neyveli Lignite Corporation |1600
MW | 9 MTPA | 5700 Crores
website: http://www.nlcindia.co.in/pro_form.pdf

நெய்வேலி |Neyveli TPS III power plant |

1000 MW

என்னூர் | Ennore Power Plant | 1885 MW

மணலி | Manali Power Project | 842 MW

செங்கற்பட்டு | Chengalpet Power Project |

630 MW

செய்யூர் | Cheyyur Ultra Mega Power Plant

(UMPP) | Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC)
| 4000 MW

தூத்துக்குடி | Tuticorin | Spic Electric Power

Corporation (Private) Ltd (SEPC)
மரக்காணம் | Marakkanam | NTPC Thermal
Power Plant | 2000 MW| INR 5500 Crores

== Nuclear Power Plants ==

கூடன்குளம்/திருநெல்வேலி |
Koodankulam/Tirunelveli Nuclear power
plant | 2000MW
Location, Koodankulam, Tirunelveli
Capacity : 2000MW
Investment: 3.5billion US $ estimation in 2001
Status: 93.9 % as on Oct-2009 Unit I, 83.7 % as on Oct-2009 Unit II
Operation: Sep 2010 Unit I, Mar 2011 Unit II

http://www.npcil.nic.in/

கல்ப்பாக்கம் | Kalpakkam | PFBR | 500 MW

கூடன்குளம் | Koodankulam | VVER |

2x1000 | 2000 MW

கூடன்குளம் | Koodankulam | VVER |

4x1200 | 4800 MW

கல்ப்பாக்கம் | Kalpakkam | PFBR | 1000

MW

==============
Total = 63,722 MW
==============
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Name Capacity Estimate cost Funding Agency Programme of commissio

     Thermal Power Projects
Financial tie up is made with REC by
NCTPS-Stage-II Unit-1 1x600MW 2475 crores  January. 2012
M/s. BHEL

NCTPS-Stage-II Unit-2 1x600MW  2175 crores  M/s.REC  January. 2012

MTPS Stage-III  1x600MW  3136.68crore  M/s.PFC  September 2011

    Hydro Power Projects
Bhavani Kattlai Barrage-2  2x15MW  400.59crore  M/s.PFC  27.10.2010

Bhavani Kattlai Barrage-3 2x15MW  396.59crore  M/s.PFC  27.10.2010

 Unit I 02.11.2010 & unit I

Periyar Vaigai 1 SHEP 2X2 MW  55.45 crore  TANGEDCO
-2011

Periyar Vaigai 2 SHEP 2X1.25MW 45.11 crore  TANGEDCO  March 2011

Periyar Vaigai 3 SHEP 2X2 MW 66.42 crore  TANGEDCO  July 2011

Periyar Vaigai 4 SHEP 2x1.25MW 52.83 crore  TANGEDCO  May 2011

  Joint Venture Projects

 Oct.2011-unit-I,
NTPC TNEB Energy Co. Ltd.(NTPC-TNEB
3x500 MW  8000 crore
joint venture)   M/s.REC Dec.2011-unit-2,

Nov.2012-unit-3
NLC Tamil Nadu Power Ltd(NLC- TNEB  Mar 2012
2x500MW  4909 crore
joint venture)  M/s.REC
Aug.2012
 Mar 2013
Udangudi Power Corporation Limited 2x800MW  9083 crore  Under finalization
Sep 2013
Upcoming Projects
Name of the Project Capacity

ETPS Annex 1X600 MW

Ennore SEZ project in the Ash Dyke of

2X800 MW
NCTPS(Kattupalli)

from the Bengal-Bihar Belt. Modern thermal power stations operate on the thermodynamic
principle of Modified Rankine Cycle.
THERMAL POWER STATION

Introduction

Thermal power generation in India constitutes to about 65% of the total energy generation,
the fuel resource supplied mainly from the Bengal-Bihar Belt. Modern thermal power stations
operate on the thermodynamic principle of Modified Rankine Cycle.

Boiler

Boiler or Steam generator helps to burn the coal and transfer the heat to water, thereby
generating steam at the required pressure and temperature. Coal is fed to the Raw Coal Bunkers
that is sufficient to store one day requirement. Then, the coal is pulverised into a fine powder in the
pulverisers or mills and carried away into the boiler by the hot air at 60 – 70 supplied by Primary Air
Fans. The fuel/air mixture is fed in the four corners of the boiler in a corner fired boiler, in four or
five elevations. For complete combustion of coal in the furnace, secondary air is supplied by the
Forced Draft fans. Feed water is supplied to the boiler drum situated at the top of the boiler from
the economiser which make use of the heat in flue gas to preheat the feed water to increase the
boiler efficiency. Water converts into steam in the furnace area and the dry and saturated steam is
collected in the top portion of the drum. The saturated steam is then superheated superheaters. The
superheated steam is called main steam that leaves the boiler at rated pressure and temperature.

Turbine

Turbine is a high speed rotating machine that converts the kinetic energy and pressure energy
of the steam into useful work. A turbine generally has three stages viz. High Pressure, Intermediate
Pressure and Low Pressure. The main steam enters into HP turbine and after expansion in the
turbine the pressure and temperature fall down. The main steam is returned to the boiler for
reheating in the Reheater. The Hot Reheated steam is admitted in the intermediate pressure turbine
IPT after expansion in the IPT, steam enters into the Low pressure turbine. When the useful work is
extracted from the steam, the pressure falls below the atmospheric pressure. Vacuum is maintained
in the condenser to create steam flow by means of vacuum pump or steam jet ejectors. Cooling
Water flows in the tubes of condenser to cool the steam. The condensate is pumped to the
deaerator by condensate extraction pump (CEP) through Low Pressure Heaters where the
temperature gain in the condensate is achieved from the heat of extraction steam from the turbine.
The deaerator helps to remove the oxygen in the feed water as dissolved oxygen enhances corrosive
action.

The feed water from deaerator is pumped to the boiler drum, by Boiler Feed Pump (BFP) through HP
heaters and economiser. Boiler Feed Pump is the heart of a thermal power station as it supplies feed
water to the boiler continuously.

Generator
 Turbine is coupled with the Turbogenerator that normally spins at 3000 rpm in countries with
50 Hz supply frequency or at 3600 rpm in countries with 60 Hz supply frequency. The generated
voltage is stepped up in Generator Transformer and the power is evacuated through transmission
line feeders.

Handling of Fly Ash

After complete combustion of coal in the furnace, the heat in the flue gas is utilised to
preheat the water in the economiser and primary and secondary air in airpreheaters. The fly ash
laden gas is evacuated through chimney by Induced Draft fans through Electro Static Precipitators
(ESP). Electro Static Precipitators are devices that separate fly ash from the flue gas and thus Solid
Particulate Matter in the exit gas is controlled. Apart from fly ash, bottom ash is also collected in the
bottom of the furnace and is disposed off in the form of ash slurry in ash dyke.

The hot water discharge from condenser is cooled in cooling towers of Natural Draft or
Induced Draft type in closed circuit cooling system. In open circuit cooling system, the hot water is
discharged into sea or perennial river in such a way that it does not affect the flora / fauna of the
ecosystem. Cooling Water Pumps (CW pumps) pump the cold water stream back to the condenser.

Environmental issues

Though thermal generation is the back bone of our country, the Carbon-di-oxide emission
amounts to Green House Gas (GHG) playing a vital role in Global Warming. United Nations
Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC) is working on emission reduction. New
technologies like Oxyfuel combustion, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), CO2 capture in
flue gas etc., are on the way to mitigate CO2 emission related problems.