Published on Eurydice (https://eacea.ec.europa.

eu/national-policies/eurydice)

According to the 1st Article of Constitution (1982), Turkey is a Republic. Constution also explicitly states
that "Turkey is a democratic, secular and social state governed by the rule of law respecting human rights;
loyal to the nationalism of Atatürk" (Article 2). Within the framework of unitary insight, The Turkish state,
with its territory and nation, is an indivisible entity. Its language is Turkish. (Article 3). All the constitutions
referred so far (1924,1961, 1982 and 2010) characterized the Turkish Republic not only as a state of law
but also as a "social state of law" (Management Law, p.17). The Turkish public administration is regulated
according to the principle "separation of powers". This principle was first introduced in the 1876
Constitution and also adopted in 1924, 1961, 1982 and 2010 constitutions. In this respect, the legislative
power is vested in the Turkish Grand National Assembly (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi-TBMM), the executive
power is exercised by the President of the Republic after the constitutional amendment on 24 June,
2018 and the Council of Ministers, and the judicial power is exercised by the independent courts.

As it stated in the Article 126 of the Constitution, Turkey, provinces are further divided into sections
gradually according to their economic conditions and public services in terms of central administrative
structure, geographical conditions.

In order to ensure efficiency and harmony in offering public services, central administrative organizations
can be established in several provinces. The duties and powers of these organizations are regulated by
law.

Basic structure of Turkey is summarized;

Assessment, Selection and Placement Center (ÖSYM): It delivers exams and placement services that are
needed in the transition to the stage of secondary education (ISCED 3) levels of higher education (ISCED
5/6).

Confederation of the Turkish Tradesmen and Craftsmen: As a civic organization, it cooperates with the
Ministry of National Education in the areas that need attention.

General Directorate of Higher Education Credit and Hostels Institution : The aim of the General
Directorate of Higher Education Credit and Dormitories; To make dormitories for the students who are
studying at home and abroad, to make them help the people, to provide nutritional aid, to contribute to
national and spiritual developments through education, social, cultural and sporting activities, to give
credit or scholarship to the students of higher education, to facilitate the higher education of students.

ISKUR: It cooperates in the approval of the program of development and in making the procedure for the
determination of whether to have a minimum standard of educational spaces in the Active Labour Services
vocational training organized under the Regulation.

Ministry of Finance: It provides resources form the investments in the education and training of
personnel expenses in the Ministry of National Education.

Ministry of Development: It provides enterprise strategic cooperation in the management and

coordination of activities and guidance in planning with development plans for education.

Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Servicess: It offers maintenance services in the early
kindergarten for children of 0-36 months old in pre-school and children from the day care 37- 66 months
with the program. In addition, the provision of all kinds of educational and social services including the
social inclusion of persons with disabilities, rehabilitation, accessibility and employment activities are
carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of National Education. The project is carried out in
collaboration with the Ministry of National Education for the training of qualified human resources in the
labour market for the purpose of increasing the employment rate in our country. EU Pre-accession
Assistance (IPA II) under the Development of Human Resources Sectoral Operational Programme (İKGSOP)
and EU-funded education are provided as the authority and lifelong learning for employment and the
preparation and implementation of projects in the field of vocational training.

Ministry of Youth and Sports: It provides for the execution of cooperation within social and sporting
activities in developing supportive policies, plans and programs of youth.

Ministry of Health: It provides its cooperation to maintain and improve students’ health in a healthy
school environment.

Ministry of Science and Technology: It cooperates with Organized Industrial Zones that have been
already opened and will be opened regarding private and public vocational and technical education
institutions. In the industrial establishments, co-operation is carried out on-the-job training and skills in
these school student internships.

Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure: Marine, aircraft maintenance, shipbuilding, rail technology,
civil aviation and transport services determine the national and international classifications and standards
in the field. This training in vocational and technical education schools and institutions is carried out in line
with the standards of cooperation and training services.

National Agency: It provides learning and mobility opportunities and the implementation of new other
countries and international organizations, especially the European Union, training and financial support in
the field of youth, and the execution of the program.

Presidency of Presidency Strategy and Budget: Provides resources from the budget to the
investment and personnel expenses of the Ministry of Education. In addition, it provides cooperation in the
development of training plans, coordination in corporate strategic management and planning, orientation
and investment activities of private schools.

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey: It cooperates with the Ministry of National
Education in promoting research and development activities by promoting science and technology in the
field of education.

The Council of Higher Education: It is responsible for the stage including at least four semesters based
on secondary education in the national education system of higher education (ISCED 5, 6, 7 and 8). It
handles all administrative and educational services and activities including vocational schools, high
schools and universities on dissemination, and development.

The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB): TOBBB is the highest legal entity
in Turkey representing the private sector. The incentive behind the Chamber is “to establish universities,
colleges of higher education, vocational and technical education institutions, to participate in and
collaborate with those already established in order to provide the growth of the qualified labor force that
the industry needs; to arrange work schedules by collaborating with the relevant institutions, to promote
the preparation and application of the education program in accordance with these work schedules; to
guide to the implementations for the purpose of execution of apprenticeship and vocational education
services rendered by the chambers to be harmonic; to prepare and execute in-service training program for
the administrators and personnel of the chambers and commodity exchanges, to ensure the establishment
of a vocational education center in case of necessity” (TOBB Law, Article 56/z).

Turkish Statistical Institute: According to national data, it releases calendar formal scope of Official
Statistics Programme prepared in the five-year period and non-formal education statistics and education
expenditures of issues published in cooperation with the Ministry of National Education.

Vocational Qualifications Authority (VQA): VQA cooperates with the certification to ensure
coordination of Europass documents in the preparation of National Occupational Standards in technical
and professional areas in order to establish and operate a national qualification system that is compliant
with the European Union and to establish and operate a nationally recognized quality assurance system.

The Ministry of National Education (MONE) cooperates with institutions and organizations, and other
ministries to meet the needs in the areas where it operates.

DID YOU FIND WHAT YOU WERE LOOKING FOR?

YES
NO

Contact *

Message *

Leave this field blank

Source URL:
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/main-executive-and-legislative-bodies-103_en