Wi TH: English With Gopal Verma

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ENGLISH With GOPAL VERMA
... the dais for all competitive exams
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PASSAGE-1
Ravi Shankar has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. Everybody admires
him for his fine sense of humor everybody, that is, except his six-year old daughter Meenakshi.
Recently one of Ravi’s friends asked him to make a speech at a reception. This is the sort of thing
that Ravi loves. He prepared the speech carefully and went to the party with Meenakshi. He had
included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success. As soon
as he had finished, Meenakshi told him she wanted to go home. Ravi was a little disappointed by this
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but he did as his daughter asked. On the way home, he asked Meenakshi if she had enjoyed the
speech. To his surprise, she said she hadn’t. Ravi asked her why this as so and she told him that she
did not like to see so many people laughing at him.
1. Ravi was popular because:

(a) he made speeches
(b) he told stories
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(c) he had a good sense of humor
(d) he loved parties
2. Ravi loves to:
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(a) meet people

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(b) talk to his daughter

(c) make a speech
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(d) made people laugh
3. Ravi went to the party:
(a) with his wife (b) with his daughter
(c) with his mother (d) with his friend
4. Ravi was disappointed because:
(a) Meenakshi did not enjoy his speech
(b) Meenakshi wanted to go home immediately after the speech
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(c) People did not like his speech

(d) Meenakshi did not like people laughing at Ravi
5. Meenakshi failed to rallies party:
(a) the party was over
(b) everyone had been laughing at Ravi’s stories, not at Ravi
(c) Ravi had finished his speech
(d) it was a reception party
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PASSAGE - 2
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Jogging, or running at an easy pace, is really popular now. It’s fun, free and a quick way to
get fit. It’s very good for suppleness or upper body strength.
There’s some risk of overuse injury to feet, knees, ankles and hips. But if you don’t overdo it
at first, and run on soft surface like grass when you can, you shouldn’t have serious problems. It
you have arthritis in your legs, hips or back or if you are overweight, try cycling or swimming
instead.
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The only expense is a good pair or running shoes. Avoid busy roads and jogging at night if
possible. Wear light-colored clothes so as not to feel uneasy and a cyclist’s reflective chest band.
1. Jogging is a popular exercise because it:

(a) makes the body strong
(b) is an easy way to keep oneself fit
(c) is eminently enjoyable
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(d) makes the body supple
2. Sometimes jogging can become risky when:
(a) the person is suffering from arthritis
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(b) it is done speedily

(c) it is overdone
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(d) it is done on a lawn

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3. Jogging is not advised for people who:
(a) are overweight
(b) are very busy
(c) have bad legs
(d) are not very strong
4. Everybody can afford to jog as it:
(a) does not require expensive outfit
(b) requires less effort
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(c) requires less space

(d) does not need strength
5. While jogging, one should wear light colored clothes:
(a) as a protection from the sun
(b) to feel light
(c) to feel easy
(d) to feel comfortable
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PASSAGE - 3
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One, dull dark day in autumn, I was travelling on horseback through a dreary stretch of
countryside. At nightfall, I came in sight of the House of Usher. This was the house of Roderick
Usher, who had been my childhood pal. It had been umpteen years since he and I had seen each
other. I lived in a distant part of the country during my childhood. However, he had recently
corresponded with me telling me at length of a serious illness and of a mental disturbance that was
troubling him. Beleaguered by his problems, Roderick was leading the existence of a hermit.
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1. The author was travelling:
(a) at daytime
(b) in the evening
(c) on a dreary night
(d) throughout the day
2. The House of Usher was the home of:
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(a) the author’s relative
(b) an old acquaintance
(c) a companion
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(d) a friend
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3. The author lived in the country:

(a) during the time of writing
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(b) during the childhood
(c) during the period in between
(d) during his youth
4. The author came to know of his friend’s illness:
(a) through letters
(b) through local gossip
(c) from a mutual friend
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(d) from a newspaper correspondent

5. Roderick:
(a) was living in the company of his friends
(b) was engaged in many social activities
(c) was involved in his thriving business
(d) had become a recluse
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PASSAGE - 4
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As, a farmer, I was determined that we should get on the computer bandwagon, says
Krihnappa Jagannath, the 40-years old head of the Gram Panchayat who initiated the whole process
three years ago. With tips from a computer-savvy brother in the US, Jagannath drew up a plan and
convinced others of its merit. Within no time, he was able to raise Rs. 65,000 from the public,
enough for the purchase of two assembled Pentium-II computers. That was easy enough. But who
would operate these machines? Jagannath decided that it had to be the villagers themselves. He got
in touch with software company, which agreed to train the villagers. Although wary initially, the
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people knew it was worth a try. As they relaised it was not so difficult, more and more villagers
joined in. Those like T.S. Shobha who showed a greater aptitude were sent for extensive training.
1. Initially Krishnappa Jagannath raised Rs. 65,000:

(a) as a loan from bank
(b) as a loan from Gram Panchayat
(c) from the public
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(d) as a borrowing from his brother in the US
2. Krishnappa Jagannath is a:
(a) computer engineer trained in the US
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(b) head of the Gram Panchayat

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(c) District Magistrate of Belandur

(d) senior secondary Scholl teacher in Belandur
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3. Initially the major problem which confronted the villagers was:
(a) whether branded or assembled computers should be purchased
(b) arranging finance for purchase of computers
(c) as to who would operate the machines
(d) getting clearance from the Government authorities
4. T.S. Shobha was sent for extensive training because she:
(a) was a graduate
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(b) showed a great aptitude for computers

(c) had a computer-savvy brother in the US
(d) was very influential
5. Computer training for the villagers was arranged through:
(a) Computer Society of India
(b) a software company
(c) Government of Karnataka
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(d) a Non-Government Organization
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PASSAGE - 5
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The martyrs who laid down their lives for the freedom of the country, had a lofty vision of the
future. They wanted the nation to be free from all the slavery and bondage. They wanted an India in
which all the communities would live in perfect harmony and in which there would be no high class
and no low class of people, the curse of untouchability having been wiped out completely. Women
would enjoy equal rights with men and contribute their fullest to the making of a great nation. Such a
vision was in keeping with the ancient glory of the country renowned for its splendid achievements
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in literature, art and culture. We must now revitalize this ancient culture. We must now revitalize this
ancient culture of ours with tolerance as its masthead. It we forget or cease to take pride in our noble
heritage, we shall have to face severe indictment in the court of history which is ruthless judge and
seldom spares erring people.
1. The martyrs who died for the freedom of India wanted:

(a) the country to be the strongest nation in the world
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(b) the country to rule over the other nations
(c) the country to be free from slavery
(d) the people to give up their antiquated customs
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2. These martyrs wanted that:

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(a) there should be reservation in the jobs for the backward sections of the society
(b) there should be perfect communal love and peace in the country
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(c) the old caste-system should be retained in the future
(d) the women should look after their families only
3. We must strive with our total commitment to:
(a) defeat and overcome the enemies of the nation
(b) revitalize our rich past culture
(c) inject scientific temper into our past culture
(d) make scientific advancements
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4. Our freedom-fighters envisioned that in free India:

(a) there would be an egalitarian society
(b) women would enjoy higher privileges and rights than others
(c) the country would be taken forward by some selected classes of the society
(d) industrialization should occupy the top priority
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PASSAGE - 6
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Few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with
blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of
biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could
banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning.
1. According to this passage, most readers think that poetry is essentially:

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(a) imagination
(b) unrealistic
(c) realistic
(d) didactic
2. The main intention of the author is to:
(a) point out the faults of the readers
(b) define what various kinds of books are
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(c) suggest the correct approach to books
(d) enumerate the readers preconceptions
3. The author’s reference to biography being viewed as something ‘flattering’ suggests that
he think that it should be:
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(a) offensive
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(b) critical
(c) truthful
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(d) subjective
4. According to this passage, most reader’s:
(a) expect too much from books
(b) ignore the objective of the writer
(c) do not know what to expect from a book
(d) are positively inclined towards the author
5. According to the passage, most books of history are:
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(a) an objective of the past events

(b) the author’s views on the past events
(c) reproduction of the records available from the past
(d) an objective interpretation of the past records.
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PASSAGE - 7
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I couldn’t sleep that night. A vague feeling of impending misfortune affected me. My sister
and I were twins and you know how subtle the links are between such people. It was a wild night.
Suddenly, there bursts forth the wild scream of a terrified woman. I knew that it was my sister’s
voice. I rushed into the corridor. By the light of the corridor lamp, I saw my sister at the door of her
room, her face pale with terror and her hands groping for help and her whole figure swaying
unsteadily. I ran to her and threw my arms around her, but her knees gave way and she fell to the
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ground.
1. The author couldn’t sleep because:

(a) the night was wild
(b) she apprehended some trouble
(c) she knew that some calamity would befall her
(d) she felt uneasy
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2. She threw her arms around her sister to:
(a) express her affection
(b) prevent her from running away
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(c) prevent her from falling down

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(d) save her from danger

3. It is well known that:
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(a) she and her sister were twins
(b) twins have a special bond between them
(c) the relationship between twins is always cordial
(d) twins can sense danger more easily than others
4. She realized that her sister:
(a) was in a state of excitement
(b) needed support
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(c) was too weak to walk

(d) was gripped with fear
5. She rushed into the corridor, because:
(a) she heard a terrifying cry
(b) her sister called her to the room
(c) she recognized the voice of the person who screamed
(d) she dreamt that her sister needed her help
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PASSAGE - 8
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It is fundamental characteristic of culture that, despite its essentially conservative nature, it
does change over time and from place to place. Here in it differs strikingly from the social
behaviour of animals other than man. Among ants, for example, colonies of the same species differ
little in behaviour from one another and even, so far as we can judge from specimens embedded in
amber, from other ancestors of fifty million years ago. In less than one million years’ man, by con-
trast has advanced from the rawest savagery to civilization and has proliferated at least three thou-
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sands distinctive cultures.
1. The phrase ‘essentially conservative nature’ implies that culture:

(a) has an inbuilt resistance to change
(b) is violently opposed to change
(c) is essentially static
(d) is essentially self-contained
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2. According to the author, man cannot live:
(a) without creating a thousand distinctive cultures
(b) like ants and other insects
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(c) without asserting his dignity

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(d) without constantly striving for a better mode of life

3. The author’s chief concern is:
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(a) the social behaviour of animals
(b) evolution of human society
(c) man’s abilities of survival
(d) adaptive techniques perfected by man
4. The author speaks about the ants to bring out there:
(a) Social solidarity
(b) fixed pattern of social behaviour of the ants
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(c) instinct for survival

(d) interior mode of living
5. The word ‘proliferated’ here means:
(a) spread
(b) propagated
(c) popularized
(d) multiplied
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PASSAGE - 9
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Most of us use the products of science- railways, aero planes, electricity, wireless and
thousands of others- without thinking how did they come into existence. We take them for granted,
as if we were entitled to them as a matter of right. And we are very proud of the fact that we live in
an advanced age and are ourselves so very advanced. Now, there is no doubt that our age is a very
different one from previous ages and I think it is perfectly correct to say that it is far more advanced.
But that is a different thing from saying that we as individuals or groups are more advanced. It
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would be the height of absurdity to say that because an engine driver can run an engine and Plato or
Socrates. But it would be perfectly correct to say that the engine itself is a more advanced method of
locomotion than Plato’s chariot was.
1. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) An engine driver cannot be compared to Plato or Socrates
(b) Plato or Socrates is in no way inferior to the engine driver
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(c) Plato or Socrates surpassed the engine driver in every respect
(d) An engine driver is cleverer than Plato or Socrates
2. People today are very proud because they:
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(a) live in a philosophically advanced age

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(b) live in a spiritually advanced age

(c) enjoy digital communications
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(d) live in a scientifically advanced age
3. Many of us make use of machines:
(a) with full knowledge of their genesis
(b) without knowing how were they invented
(c) with very little knowledge of their mechanism
(d) without any knowledge of their historical significance
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4. In this passage, the writer mentions Plato and Socrates to emphasize that:
(a) they had a great respect for learning
(b) they were men of great scholarship
(c) people as individuals in the modern age are not more advanced than their predecessors
(d) the engine is a better mode of locomotion than Plato’s chariot
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PASSAGE - 10
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Imagine your Information Technology business is a resort-like ambience. Your employees
could have a holiday on every working day! Yes, God’s own country is fast emerging as India’s most
happening Information Technology/Information Technology Enabled Services destination. The
enviable tranquility, cleanliness, greenery and physical quality of life add to the aura. Consistently
ranked as the No. 1 State in social achievements, Kerala is a dream destination for even the most
discerning tourist. National Geographic Traveler has dubbed the State “one of the ten paradise of the
world”. Not for nothing. Its natural beauty, picturesque backwaters, enchanting beaches, authentic
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ayurvedic rejuvenation centers and rich cultural heritage continue to hold people from all over the
world, spellbound. But of late, the state is turning out to be a one-stop address for every Infor-
mation Technology need as well.

(a) Kerala is known for the maximum production of natural rubber.
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(b) There is lot of political awareness among people of Kerala.
(c) Kerala has developed a strong infrastructure and Information Technology.
(d) Kerala is a beautiful place along the Malabar Coast.
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(a) Kerala is very well connected to rest of the country.

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(b) The above passage is a message for prospective entrepreneurs to invest in Kerala.
(c) Kerala earns a lot of foreign exchange because of its NRIs.
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(d) Employees in Kerala have a large number of holidays.
(a) Tourist to Kerala do not approve of the technology advances made in Kerala as it causes
ecological imbalance.
(b) Kerala impresses even the most demanding tourist.
(c) The physical quality of life in Kerala has deteriorated because of industrialization.
(d) Kerala has a large number of holiday resorts but it costs a lot to stay over there.
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(a) Kerala is called as God’s own country since its people are every religiously disposed.
(b) Frequent political instability impacts the social development in Kerala.
(c) Information Technology advances made in Kerala are nothing in comparison to its scenic
beauty.
(d) Tourists from all over the world flock to Kerala.
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5. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Kerala is credited with having made impressive social achievements.
(b) All the needs pertaining to Information Technology can be met with in Kerala.
(c) Ayurvedic rejuvenation centers and the picturesque surroundings are major attractions for
the tourist.
(d) Because of all-round greenery and humid climate in Kerala, the productivity of workers
in Kerala is rather low.
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PASSAGE - 11
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A good way of ridding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions
held in social circles different from your own. When I was young, I lived much outside my own
country in France, Germany, Italy and United States. I found this very profitable in diminishing the
intensity of insular prejudice. If you cannot travel, seek out people with whom you disagree and read
a newspaper belonging to a party that is not yours. If the people and the newspaper seem mad,
perverse and wicked, remind yourself that you seem so to them.
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1. The author thinks that the best way to get rid of dogmatism is to:
(a) participate in academic discussion of high standard
(b) share views with like-minded people
(c) interact with people who subscribe to different societal norms
(d) mix with the people who are not swayed by materialism.
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2. What does insular prejudice refer to in the above passage?
(a) Chimerical ideas of some people
(b) Narrow-minded likes or dislikes
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(c) Fierce competitiveness in the modern world

(d) Resistance to change
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3. What does dogmatism imply in the above passage?

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(a) Belief that the doctrines of one’s religion must be upheld
(b) A rigid assertion of one’s own opinion
(c) Futuristic vision
(d) A dislike for the mankind
4. According to the passage given above, if a person wants to have a balanced view, he should
(a) read newspaper which does not subscribes to his way of thinking
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(b) read newspaper which represents the point of view of the minority
(c) read newspaper of one’s choice
(d) read newspaper of the highest circulation
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PASSAGE - 12
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The first and decisive step in the expansion of Europe Overseal was the conquest of the
Atlantic Ocean. That the nation to achieve this should be Portugal was the logical outcome of her
geographical position and her history. Placed on the extreme margin of old, classical Mediterranean
world and facing the untraversed ocean, Portugal could adapt and develop the knowledge and
experience of the past to meet the challenge of the unknown. From the seamen of Genoa and Venice,
they had learned the organization and conduct of a mercantile marine and from Jewish astronomers
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and mapmakers the rudiments of navigation Largely excluded from the share in Mediterranean
commerce, at a time when her population was making heavy demands on her resources, Portugal
turned southwards and westwards for opportunities of trade and commerce. but ocean navigation was
not the same as navigating the land-locked Mediterranean. The earliest of the band had neither the
benefit of sailing directions not traditional lore. Even the familiar heavenly constellations had been
left behind. The challenge was formidable.
1. According to the passage, the most important step in the expansion of European Power
was:
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(a) The emergence of Portugal as a power.
(b) the growth of Mediterranean commerce
(c) the contact of Europeans with Jewish astronomers
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(d) the conquest of the Atlantic Ocean

2. The earliest group of Portuguese navigators going across the Atlantic did not find the
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venture.
(a) different from land-locked navigation
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(b) more difficult than coastal navigation
(c) easy and comfortable
(d) challenging and demanding
3. The Portuguese sailors were ready to explore the world by sea because they:
(a) knew about many countries
(b) had rich patrons to finance them
(c) were prepared for the hazards of sea voyage
(d) were in touch with seaman from Genoa and Venice
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4. The most important advantage that Portugal had, was its:

(a) geographical location (b) contact with the Arabs
(c) contact with Genoa and Venice (d) cultural history
5. Portugal was motivated to pioneer ocean navigation because:
(a) it was encouraged by other European powers
(b) it faced strong rivals in land-based trade
(c) it collaborated with Venetian merchants
(d) its limited resources could not support its growing population
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PASSAGE - 13
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At low tide he walked over the sands to the headland and round the corner to the little bay
facing the open sea. It was inaccessible by boat because seams of rock jutted out and currents swirled
round them treacherously. But you could walk there if you chose one of the lowest ebb tides that
receded a very long way. You could not linger on the expedition, for once the tide was on the turn, it
came in rapidly. For this reason, very few people cared to explore the little bay and the cave at the
back of it. But the unknown always drew this man like a magnet. He found the bay fresh and
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unlettered, as it was completely covered by the sea at high tide. The cave looked mysteriously dark,
cool and inviting, and he penetrated to the farthest corner where he discovered a wide crack, rather
like a chimney, He peered up and through it he could see a patch of daylight.
1. According to the writer the bay could not be reached by boat, because:
(a) it had numerous layers of rock
(b) there were too many eddies
(c) it was facing the open sea.
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(d) there were seams of rock and treacherously swirling currents
2. One could visit the bay:
(a) at any time one chose
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(b) one certain specified occasions

(c) when there was a low tide
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(d) during the evening walk

3. It was not possible to “linger on the expedition” because:
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(a) the water rose rapidly
(b) the tide turned quickly
(c) the tide turned sprightly
(d) the water rushed in with a great force
4. He found the bay “fresh and unlettered” because:
(a) the sea water had receded
(b) he was the first visitor there
(c) the high tide had just washed the litter away
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(d) it was not frequented by people who would pollute it

5. While passing through the cave, the writer discovered a:
(a) cold and secluded corner
(b) large opening
(c) chimney-shaped rock
(d) big crack through which light came in
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PASSAGE - 14
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The highbrows reverse the numerical argument and imply that, because they are so few, they
must therefore, be right. But where they chiefly offend is in their excessive self-congratulation and
contempt for others. In the past, the highbrows were alone in expressing a feeling of superiority; the
lowbrows humbly accepted the position assigned to them. Recently, however, there has been a
change and the lowbrows now adopt towards the highbrows exactly the same attitude as the
highbrows adopted towards them.
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1. The reversal of the numerical argument in the context of the passage means that the high-
brows:
(a) have no regard for the majority
(b) respect the majority
(c) are indifferent to numbers
(d) have regard for the minority
2. A highbrow is:
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(a) a liberal-minded person
(b) a believer in conservative values
(c) a self-opinionated intellectual
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(d) a democrat
3. The phrase ‘self-congratulation’ can be best replaced by:
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(a) self-effacement
(b) self-admiration
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(c) self-negation
(d) self-criticism
4. The attitude of the lowbrows towards the high brows in the past was one of:
(a) violent rejection
(b) resentful acceptance
(c) open rebelliousness
(d) unprotecting submission
5. The recent change in the attitude of the lowbrows towards the highbrows suggest that:
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(a) the lowbrows have rejected the priority of the highbrows

(b) the lowbrows have become highbrows
(c) the lowbrows have become indifferent to the highbrows
(d) the highbrows have become meek and humble
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But perfect organization, faultless team work, indomitable courage, super human endurance,
even the latest equipment - all these are unavailing unless the weather is kind. In the mountains it is
the weather that rules everything. It may be fair in the early morning when the climb begins, but
unexpectedly blizzards may halt the climbers with inadequate protection on an exposed slope. The
villains of the piece are cold wind and snow and in the Himalayas these conspire together for the
whole year, except for two short periods. In early May and in October there may be short intervals
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between the tremendous gales of winter and the treacherous snows of the monsoon. Only in these
intervals is there any chance of finding the right weather conditions for an assault upon a peak. Cold
can at least be kept at bay by warm clothing scientifically planned food and a certain amount of
exercise, but against the wind and the snow of the worst Himalayan weather there is no defense.
1. The two greatest enemies of the Himalayan climber are:

(a) altitude and scarcity of oxygen
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(b) wind and snow
(c) ice fields and rocks
(d) slopes and valleys
2. It is best to attempt scaling a peak:
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(a) in the summer months

(b) between storms and gales
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(c) early in May or in October

(d) when the monsoons are over
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3. The perils of intense cold may be counteracted by:
(a) a special kind of food and clothing
(b) the use of alcohol
(c) climbing only during the morning hours
(d) the use of drugs and medicines
4. When climbing in the Himalayas one must always remember that the weather is:
(a) severe
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(b) conquerable
(c) the supreme arbiter
(d) fickle
5. According to the author, what the mountaineer today needs most is:
(a) regular exercise
(b) adequate medical aid
(c) financial support
(d) modern equipment
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Recent research indicates that proper diet may help to reduce the risk of cancer. Since cancer
develops over a long time- typically decades-one has time to hinder or promote it. Certain foods can
block the chemicals that initiate cancer. Antioxidants found in some vitamins and minerals can snuff
out oxygen free radicals, which are thought to make cells susceptible to cancer. They can even repair
some of the cellular damage that has been done. Wheat bran, for example has been shone to shrink
precancerous cells. One of the most studied anti-oxidants in vegetables and fruits is bet-carotene
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concentrated in deep green, yellow and orange vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes and
spinach, fruits such as apricots and muskmelons. Beta-carotene has a direct toxic effect on cells from
malignant tumors. Inside the body it changes to retinoic acid used in the treatment of cancer. A
simple rule, darker the vegetable more is the anti-oxidant within. Vegetables such as cabbage,
cauliflower and broccoli reduce the risk of breaks cancer. Soybeans contain at least five compounds
believed to inhibit cancer. Wheat bran lowers the risk of colon cancer. The ideal diet is low in fat and
calorie, high in fiber and includes a variety of nutrients-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, beans,
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seeds and nuts.
1. The idea that what one eats has an effect on one’s susceptibility to a disease like cancer is:
(a) an age-old belief
(b) the result of modern experimental evidence
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(c) an accidental discovery

(d) a myth
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2. Human cells become more susceptible to cancer because of:

(a) oxygen-free radicals
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(b) anti-oxidants
(c) vitamins and minerals
(d) cellular malfunctioning
3. The virulence of malignant tumors can be reduced with the help of :
(a) deep red and pale green vegetables
(b) retinoic acid directly taken from fruits
(c) beta-carotene
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(d) high calorie foods

4. Cells which subsequently become cancerous can the inhibited by:
(a) fatty acids
(b) unsieved wheat flour
(c) regular intake of retinoic acid
(d) highly cooked food
5. Fiber needed to reduce the risk of cancer is present in:
(a) foods rich in fat (b) linen and jute
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(c) vegetarian food (d) meat and fish

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One of the major crises facing the country is the looming water shortage. A recent report of
the UN has named India among the worst countries for poor quality of water. The report ranks 122
countries according to the quality of their water as well as their ability and commitment to improve
the situation. Belgium is considered the worst basically because of the quality of its ground water.
Rains failed in most parts of India last year and the vast areas of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Andhra Pradesh and Orissa were in the grip of devastating drought. People without water turn
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desperate and violent. Villagers in Rajasthan last year attacked the Food Corporation godowans.
Worse may be coming. With main Polluting Countries refusing to control pollution (America,
the world’s greatest pollute, refuses to cooperate with other countries) the world is getting hotter.
This means that great ice shelves (weighing billions of ton) of the Antarctic are collapsing.
We cannot even conceptualize the dangerous consequences. Last century, sea levels in Venice
rose by one step of a staircase. This century they are expected to rise by five steps. An additional
cause for Venice’s sinking is the draining of underground water table due to industrialization.
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The water tables in our cities have also been going lower and lower. When ocean level rises,
Tuvalu in the Pacific Ocean will be the first to go udder the waves. Citizens of that country are
already migrating to New Zealand. Will citizens of Maldives crowd into Kerala? Will another mass
migration from Bangladesh turn West Bengal upside down?
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1. Citizens of Tuvalu are migrating to:

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(a) Belgium (b) West Indies

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(c) Morocco (d) New Zealand
2. Belgium, is suffering acutely because of:
(a) the sluggish pace of its economy
(b) the discharge of industrial effluents
(c) quality of its ground water
(d) rising cost of living
3. Villagers in Rajasthan attacked Food Corporation godowns because of:
(a) low prices offered to them for wheat
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(b) refusal of Food Corporation to buy wheat from the local farmers
(c) no financial help from the government bodies
(d) shortage of water
4. One of the reasons for Venice’s sinking is:
(a) industrialization
(b) its proneness to earthquake
(c) felling of trees
(d) civil construction
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Pisa offers a quit holiday. Apart from the leaning Tower square where the tourist flock, the city is free
of the kind of crud one sees at Florence. An 11 km bus ride bring us to Marinade Pisa, the costal
extension of the city, where the Liguria Sea and quaint buildings provide a few hours of relaxed
walks. However, there isn’t much of a beach.
Gone is the tension of the previous night, when, flying into Italy in the late hours, my wife
and I were a little apprehensive. Compared to Germany where we had spent three weeks, Italy, one
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thought, was ‘unsafe’. The fears were compounded when the night bus from the airport terminated at
the railway station, instead of going ask the way to our hotel. “Ten Euros, “said the cab driver at the
station when asked how much the ride to the hotel would cast. Quite sure he was ever-charging, we
got in nevertheless. At 10.30 p.m., we anyway had little choice, the streets were dimly lit and the
driver was uncommunicative. Stopping at a desolate building after we jade clearly gone out of the
city limits, he announced; “Your hotel,” I gave him a 10-Euro bill and turned away. but they can man
stopped me. “your change, sir,’ he said, pointing to three meter which read 8.20 Euros.
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The small change O got back that day was like receiving the certificate of a nation’s honesty,
Italy, as it turned out, was just fine.
1. The author and his wife were
(a) thrilled at the idea of travelling to Italy.
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(b) concerned about safety.

(c)worried because of high coast
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(d) worried because of language problem.

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2. The author
(a) was cheated by the taxi driver
(b) did not like the etiquette of the taxi driver
(c) was pleasantly surprised but the rectitude if the driver.
(d) was irked because the driver was very talkative
3. Paisa
(a) has many traffic jams
(b) is full of business houses.
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(c) is a quit town

(d) has major pollution problems
4. Maeina de Pisa
(a) is known for its beautiful beaches.
(b) is full of churches.
(c) has many shopping centers
(d) is a coastal city.
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PASSAGE - 19
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To sum up the whole, we should say that the aim of the Platonic philosophy was to exact man
into a God. The aim of the Baconian philosophy was to provide man with what he requires while he
concubines to be a man.
The aim of platonic philosophy was to raise us far above the vulgar wants. The aim of
Bacibuab philosophy was to supply our vulgar wants. The former aim was noble; but the latter was
attainable. Plato drew a good bow; he aimed at the stars; and therefore, though there was to want of
strength or skill, the shot was thrown away. His arrow was indeed followed by a track of darzzling
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radiance; but it struck nothing. Bacib fixed his eye on a mark which was placed on earth and hit it in
the white. The philosophy of Plato began with word and ended up words, noble words indeed,
words such as were to be expected from the finest of human intellects exhausting boundless
dominion over the finest of languages.
1. The above passage presents Platonic philosophy as:
(a) giving rise to vulgar wants
(b) too idealistic in terms of a realistic assessment of a man
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(c) no more than words
(d) being pragmatic
2. The author in the above passage;
(a) praises Platonic philosophy
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(b) explains the drawbacks of Baconian philosophy

(c) balances opposite crews in order to arrive at a just definition of each
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(d) compares and contrasts two systems towards which he is impartial

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3. Which one of the following best reflected the underlying tone of the passage?
(a) All ideas regarding man are couched in noble words
(b) Man when exalted into a god comes to nothing
(c) It is better for man to continue to be a man
(d) It is the image of man conceived differently that makes the basic distinction between
different system
4. Which of the following words in the passage confirm the exalted notions of ma, according
to Plato?
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(a) ‘exercising boundless dominion’

(b) ‘he aimed at the stars’
(c) ‘fixed his eye on the mark and hit it in the white’
(d) ‘there was no want of strength or skill, the shot was thrown away’
5. The reference to a bow and an arrow in the passage;
(a) serves as an example of Plato’s strength
(b) teaches us to stay focused on target
(c) shows us s track of dazzling brilliance in man’s history
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(d) shows us the comparative strengths and weakness of platonic and Bostonian systems
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PASSAGE - 20
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Once upon a time there lived a Giant in an ancient Castle surrounded by a lovely garden.
While the Giant was away, children returning from their school used to play in the garden every
evening. There were flowers om the trees during the spring and fruits during the autumn. The
children liked this garden very much. One day the Giant returned and drove the children away. He
then built a huge wall around the garden. Days passed. spring came and there were flowers smiling
and birds singing everywhere outside the garden. But neither flowers nor birds emerged in the selfish
Giant’s garden. Snow and frost settled down permanently in the garden. One fine morning, the
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noticed that the little children had stolen into the garden through a hole in the wall. They were sitting
on the branches of the trees and every tree was in full bloom. Only in the farthest corner it was still
winter and the tree was covered with snow. A little boy was crying bitterly under the tree because he
was too small to climb it. The Giant stepped out into the garden. All the children ran away at the
sight of him. The little boy did not see the Giant because his eyes were full of tears. The Giant
walked up from behind the weeping child and lifted him to a branch of the tree. At once the tree
blossomed and the birds started singing. The Giant realized his mistake. He repented sincerely and
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pulled down the wall to let the children play freely in his garden.
1. Why did the little boy cry?
(a) He wanted to enter the garden
(b) He fell down from a tree
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(c) He could not climb the tree

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(d) He was scolded by the Giant

2. For how long did snow continue to cover the tree in one corner in the garden?
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(a) Till the Giant realized his mistake and repented
(b) Till the Giant stepped out into the garden
(c) Till the Giant placed the little boy on a branch of a tree
(d) Till the Giant destroyed the huge when the Giant entered the garden
3. Why didn’t the little boy run away when the Giant entered the garden?
(a) He was too small to run
(b) He could not see the Giant
(c) He wanted the Giant to help him climb the tree
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(d) He did not want to leave the garden

4. which one of the following statements is not correct in the context of the passage?
(a) Winter settled in the garden in absence of the children
(b) The little boy started crying when he saw the Giant
(c) The children ran away when they saw the Giant entering the garden on one fine morning
(d) The three in the farthest corner blossomed when the little boy sat on one of its branches
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5. Why did the spring stay away from the Giant’s garden?
(a) Snow and frost had settled down in the garden
(b) The Giant built a huge wall around the garden
(c) The Giant had driven away the children from the garden
(d) The children had destroyed all the plants while playing in the garden
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PASSAGE - 21
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The Indian culture of our times is the making. Many of us are striving to produce a blend of
all cultures that seem today to be in clash with 0he another. No culture can live, if it attempts to be
exclusive. There is no such thing as pure Aryan culture in existence in India today. Whether the
Aryans were indigenous to India or were unwelcome intruders, does not untwist me much. What
does interest me is the fact that my remote ancestors blended with one another with the utmost
freedom and we of the present generation are a result of that blend. I do not want my house to be
walled in, on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown
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about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any. I would have any
young men and women with literary tastes to learn as much of English and other world- languages as
they like and then expect them to give the benefits of their learning to India and the waked alike a
Bose, a Ray or Tagore. But I would not have a single Indian forget, neglect or be ashamed of his
mother tongue, or feel that he or she cannot think or express the best thoughts in his or her own
vernacular. Mine is not a religion of the prison house.
1. The author views India Culture as.
(a) pure Aryan culture
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(b) a clash of cultures
(c) a continual blend of cultures
(d) the culture of remote ancestors.
2. The author thinks that.
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(a) the Aryans were indigenous to India

(b) the Aryans were unwelcome intruders
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(c) the question whether the Aryans were indigenous or not is not of interest
(d) the culture that we have inherited is the Aryan culture
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3. The author wants.
(a) the culture be others kept out
(b) the cultures of others to replace our old culture.
(c) the freedom to blend other cultures with our own
(d) the preservation of the culture our ancestors.
4. The author wants Indians to.
(a) learn only English, as much as they like
(b) learn English and other world languages
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(c) learn only the mother tongue or the vernacular

(d) learn English and other world languages in addition to the mother tongue.
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PASSAGE - 22
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There can be only two explanations why countries like the UK, US, Germany and Japan are
willing to spend up to 5.5 billion to make the Next Generation Linear Collider (NGLC) : Intellectual
snobbery or complete indifference to the problems of the real word. To plan a 20-mile-long tunnel
merely to go about smashing atoms, so as to recreate Big Bang, is a frightful waste of public money. The
Project has no foreseeable practical application. Already, cyber-savvy cosmologists are engaged in
simulating the Big Bang or the beginnings of the universe, in the virtual word, through number
crunching and reverse engineering. They have successfully created a black hole on the desktop. So why
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go in for prohibitively expensive experimentation, when the virtual world is just a mouse-click away?
Scientific ingenuity, remember, is not confined to real-life experiments; many of today’s break thought
have been inspired by research conducted almost entirely in cyberspace. Moreover, virtual research is
‘clean’ - without such fallouts as lab accidents and chemical leakages and scots next to nothing.
1. countries like UK, US, Germany and Japan wish to spend lot of money.
(a) to attend to the problems of humanity
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(b) to control AIDS
(c) for defense research
(d) to carry out atomic research
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2. Virtual research is carried out

(a) on computers
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(b) by experimentation in the field.

(c) by spending up billions of dollars.
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(d) by experimentation in space.
3. Scientific research is not prohibitively costly when conducted
(a) by simulation in the virtual word.
(b) smashing atoms in a tunnel.
(c) making real-life models.
(d) using satellites.
4. Reverse engineering
(a) is commonly practiced in research.
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(b) is prohibitively expensive experimentation.

(c) is not used by cosmologists in the virtual word.
(d) is independent of analysis using computers.
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The strongest haunts of life are in the deep sea, by which is mint the floor of the deepest part
of the ocean and the layers of dark water near the floor. Life is found six miles below the surface,
where the water pressure is enormous- more than 6000 pounds to the square inch. It is very cold
there- always about zero. It is also absolutely dark except for the fitful gleams of some fishes which,
like fireflies, give out light of their own. It is too deep and dark for any plant to grow because plant
need light, but no depth it seems, is too great for animal life.
As there are no plant at this depth the animals must feed upon one another. The struggle to
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live is keen. The stomachs of the fishes stewrxf amazingly, so they may swallow abject larger then
themselves. When a whale or a tortoise meets death in the ocean and sinks to the bottom there is a
great feasting by millions of living things till the monster is devoured.
The sea swarms with strange and curious animals prowling about in the dark, some with ling
feelers and some with long limbs like stills. Then there are the cattle fishes and true fishes stealing
along. Certain kinds here are blind. They depend upon great feelers to get about and capture food.
In the blackness of the deep sea many animals produce their own lights. This light may attract
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other fishes wanted for food. But some deep-sea fishes have very large eyes so as to see in the clear
light that they themselves make. Some of these animals have been brought up by dredgers at night,
and it is said that on these occasions “they gave off flashes of light, beside which the twenty torches
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used for working light were pale”. Some of these animals were carried into the laboratory where the
lights were turned out. These creatures threw out brilliant jets of fire which changed from red to
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orange. Others shed green lights.

1. “It us too deep and dark for any plant to grow” (Para 1)
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(a) The sea is very deep and dark and so any plant can grow.
(b) The saw is very deep and dark and so no plant can grow.
(c) Plants can grow at too deep and dark sea.
(d) Plants cannot grow in deep and dark sea.
2. “......but no depth, it seems, is too great for animal life.”
(a) Animals cannot live at great depths.
(b) No animal lives at great depths.
(c) Animals can easily leave at any great depth.
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(d) Great animals are not seen at depths.

3. Which of the following statements best summarizes (Para 2nd)
(a) There is a keen struggle for life at deep sea.
(b) Fishes have amazingly larger stomach.
(c) Whale and tortoise died in the ocean.
(d) Animals eat each other for want of plants.
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4. Cuttle fishes depend upon their feelers mainly to
(a) prowl about (b)steal along
(c)capture food (d)move about
5. The last paragraph is about
(a) light-producing animals
(b) laboratory light experiment
(c) catching fish by torches
(d) fish attracting fish
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PASSAGE - 24
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A farmer accompanied by his young son was driving his ass to the market in the hope of
selling the ass for a good price. On the road, they met a bevy of girls who laughed and exclaimed,
“See this pair of fools? They are trudging along the dusty road, when they can riding!” The man
thought that there was sense in what they were saying. So he mounted his son on the ass and he
walked at the side. Presently, they met some of his old friends, who greeted him and said, “ You’ll
spoil your son, by letting him ride while you toil along on foot! Make him walk. It’ll ne good for
him.” The farmer followed their advice and took his son’s place on the back of the ass while the boy
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trudged along begin. They would not have gone far, they were seen by women and children. The
farmer heard them say, “what a selfish old man! He rides in comfort, but lets his poos little fellow
walk the distance.” So he asked his son to get up behind him. further along the road, they met some
travelers. They asked the harmer whether the ass was his property or was it hired for the purpose.
The farmer told them that he was taking his ass to the market to sell it. The travelers said, “Good
Heavens! With the load like this, the poor beast will look exhausted and no one would like to
purchase him. Why don’t you carry him?” immediately, the farmer got off the ass, tied its legs with
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the rope and slung him on a pole and carried him in between them. This was such an absurd sight
that people laughed at it. They called the farmer and his son lunatics. They had then reached a bridge
over a river. Frightened by the noise around, the ass struggled, kicked, broke the pole , fell into the
river and died. The farmer returned home vexed and ashamed. In trying to please all, he in fact, had
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pleased none and he had lost the ass in the transaction.

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1. The farmer was taking the ass to the market to

(a) buy food for the family
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(b) carry the farmer to the market
(c) sell the ass at the market
(d) buy food for the ass
2. The farmer made his son mount the ass because
(a) the son could not walk the distance
(b) the son was adamant about riding the ass
(c) a group of girls laughed at the farmer’s folly
(d) the road was dusty
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3. The farmer dismounted his son from the ass because

(a) the son found it difficult to ride the ass
(b) the son complained that the ride was not comfortable
(c) some old friends advised him to do so
(d) he was too tired to walk the distance
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4. The travelers asked the farmer to carry the ass because
(a) the exhausted ass will have no takers in the market
(b) the ass was very tired
(c) the donkey wanted to be carried
(d) they felt sorry for the ass
5. The ass kicked because
(a) it wanted to be left off
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(b) it was frightened by some noise
(c) it wanted to stretch its legs
(d) it had the habit of kicking
6. On seeing the farmer and his sib walking along with the ass, the girls
(a) called the farmer and his son fools for not riding the ass
(b) wondered at the dutiful father and son
(c) asked the farmer to take them also to the market
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(d) sympathized with the best of burden
7. On seeing the boy walk beside the ass, the women and children
(a) praised the boy for his compassion towards his father
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(b) called the farmer a selfish man

(c) found fault with the farmer for ill-treating the ass
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(d) asked the farmer to take their children to the market

8. The lesson learnt by the farmer was
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(a) do not carry an ass when it can walk
(b) do not overload the ass
(c) in trying to please all, you please none
(d) it is foolish to please the ass
9. The word ‘trudged’ means
(a) walk casually
(b) walk with effort
(c) walk stylishly
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(d) walk briskly

10. The word ‘vexed’ means
(a) pleased
(b) sad
(c) annoyed
(d) pestered
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Gandhi Ji identified himself with the cause of the Muslims who were agitating against the
British treatment of the Turkish sultan. The khilafat Movement of 1920 marks a glorious period in
the annals of Indian history, when Hindus and Muslims were drawn as close to each other as they
were during the revolt of 1857. In the Noncooperation Movement which followed, Hindus and
Muslims vied with each other in surrendering their titles and honors and in boycotting schools,
colleges, law court and councils. It was at this time that nationalist Muslims broke away from the
Muslim university,Aligah,and founded the Jamia Millia. Gandhe was associated with the Jamia
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from the very beginning. Gandhi also returned his Kaiser-e-Hind and other medals. He denounced
the British Empire as ‘a satanic system’ and made it clear that non-cooperation, though a strictly
moral movement, aimed at the overthrow of the Government.
During this period, Mahatma Gandhi also perceived the urgency of revitalizing the ruler
economy and proposed that every Indian should take to spinning on the charkha, and thus made the
charkha a symbol of the freedom movement.
In February 1922, he proposed to launch a new Civil Disobedience Movement. The
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Government. The Government arrested him on March 13, 1922. At this trial, Mahatma Gandhi
declared; “I am here to invite and submit to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for
what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty.” He was sentenced
to six years’ imprisonment, but was released two years later after a surgical operation for
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appendicitis.
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1. Who founded the Jamia Millia?

(a) Gandhiji
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(b) Separatist Hindus
(c) Nationalist Muslims
(d) Separatist Muslims
2. Who gave the little ‘Kaiser-e-Hind’ to Gandhi ji?
(a) German King
(b) Turkish Sultan
(c) British Government
(d) South African Government
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3. Which set of events is arranged in the correct ascending chronology of occurrence?

(a) Revolt of 1857, Non-cooperation Movement, Khilapat Movement Establishment of Jamia
Millia
(b) Khilafat Moovemeent Revolt of 1857, Non-cooperation Movement, Establishment of
Jamia Millia.
(c) Revolt of 1875, Khaliafat Movement, Non-cooperation Movement.
(d) Revolt of 1875, Khailafat Movement, Non-cooperation Movement, Establishment of
Jamia Millia.
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4. Khilafat movement
(a) energized Hindus and Muslims to collectively protest against the British
(b) protected the Turkish treatment of the British Sultan
(c) gloriously depicted Indian history
(d) brought the 1975 revolt alive
5. What was Gandhiji’s proposal to revitalize rural economy?
(a) To perceive the urgency
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(b) To make charkha a symbol of freedom movement.
(c) To declare the British Government as a Satanic System.
(d) To take up spinning on Charkha
6. When was Gandhiji’s arrested?
(a) March 13, 1922
(b) February 3, 1922
(c) March 1992
(d) March 3, 1922
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7. What led to Gandhiji’s release from prison?
(a) British benevolence
(b) His appeal for clemency
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(c) His medical condition

(d) Acceptance of guilty by Gandhiji
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8. What was Gandhiji’s plea during his trial?

(a) He asked the judge to fine him.
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(b) He asked the Government to pardon him
(c) He appealed for the maximum punishment
(d) He asked the Indians to revolt.
9. What was the aim of Non-cooperation Movement?
(a) To return the Titles and Honors
(b) To overthrow the British Raj
(c) To achieve moral upliftment
(d) To reinstate Turkish Sultan
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10. When was the Civil Disobedience Movement launched?

(a) 1875
(b) March 13, 1922
(c) February 1922
(d) January 1920
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PASSAGE - 26
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“Nobody knows my name” is the little of one of James Baldwin’s celebrated books. who
knows the name of the old man sitting amidst ruins pondering over his hubble-bubble? We do not. It
does not matter, He is there like the North Pole, the Everest and the Alps but with one difference.
The North Pole, the Everest and the Alps will be there when he is not there anymore. Can we really
say this? “Dust though act to dust returned” was not spoken of the soul. We do not know whether the
old man’s soul will go marching on like John Brown’s. While his body lies moldering in the grave or
becomes ash driven by the wind or is immersed in water, such speculation is hazardous. A soul’s trip
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can take one to the treacherous shoals of metaphysics where there is no “yes” or “no”. “Who am I?”
asked Tagore of the rising sun in the first dawn of his life, he received no answer. “Who am I?”. He
asked the setting sun in the last twilight of his life. He received no answer.
We are no more on solid ground with dust which we can feel in our hands, scatter to the wind
and wet with water to turn it into mud. For this much is sure, that in the end, when life’s ceaseless
labor grinds to halt and man meets death, the brother of sleep, his body buried or burnt, becomes
dust. In the form of dust he lives, inanimate yet in endless government Almira’s, on manuscripts
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written and not published on all selves, on faces and hands. He becomes ubiqui9tous all pervasive,
sometimes sneaking even into hermetically sealed chambers.
1. What is the difference between the old man and the North Pole, the Everest and the Alps?
(a) the ponders over his hubble-bubble while they don’t
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(b) they are known to all while he is known to none

(c) they remain while he will soon become dust,
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(d) they are not as old as he

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2. What, according to the passage, happens to a person’s soul after death?
(a) the soul also dies with the body.
(b) the soul continues to live after the body is dead
(c) the soul certainly becomes dust after death
(d) it is dangerous to guess
3. Which of the following statement is true?
(a) The rising sun told Tagore who he was
(b) The rising sun did not tell Tagore who he was
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(c) The rising sun advised Tagore to ask no questions

(d) The rising sun told Tagore that he would become dust.
4. What happens to man after the becomes dust?
(a) he disappears from the world for ever
(b) he appears in the form of man again
(c) he becomes all pervasive as dust
(d) he often sneaks into hermetically sealed chambers.
5. What figure of speech is used in the expression ‘the brother of sleep’?
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(a) Simile (b) Metaphor (c) Oxymoron (d) Irony

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PASSAGE - 27
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The postmaster first took up his duties in the village of Ulapur. Though the village was a
small one, there was an indigo factory nearby and the proprietor, an Englishman, had managed to get
a post office established.
Our postmaster belonged to Calcutta. He felt like a fish out of water in this remote village.
His office and living-room were in a dark thatched shed, not far from agree, slimy pond, surrounded
on all sides by a dense growth.
The men employed in the indigo factory had no leisure, moreover they were hardly desirable
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companions for decent folk. Nor is a Calcutta boy an adept in the art of associating with others.
Among strangers he appears either proud or ill at ease. At any rate the postmaster had but little
company, nor had he much to do.
At times he tried his hand at writing a verse or two. That the movement of the leaves and
clouds of the sky were enough to fill life with joy-such were the sentiments to which he sought to
give expression. But God knows that the poor fellow would have felt it as the gift of a new life, if
some genie of the Arabian Nights had in one night swept away the trees, leaves and all, and replaced
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them with a macadamized road, hiding the clouds from view with rows of tall houses.
1. The adjective used to describe the postmaster’s living-room is.

(a) dark (b) light
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(c) deep (d) bright

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2. What does the phrase ‘ill at ease ‘in the passage mean?
(a) Disease (b) Comfortable
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(c) Uneasy (d) Forward
3. What does the phrase ‘little company’ in the passage mean?
(a) Hardly any friends (b) small business
(c) Business-like (d) Bad friendship
4. At times the postmaster wrote
(a) novels (b) short stories
(c) dramas (d) poems
5. The postmaster wrote on the:
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(a) beauty of himself (b) beauty of weather

(c) beauty of the village (d) beauty of nature
6. The word ‘genie’ means
(a) spirit (b) ghost
(c) soul (d) monster
7. Which factory was situated near the village Ulapur?
(a) Rubber (b) Clothes
(c) Dyes (d) Chemical
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8. What does the idiom ‘fish out of water’ suggest?
(a) Can die any moment
(b) Grasping for breath
(c) Amphibious creature
(d) In unfamiliar surroundings
9. Find a word in the passage which is the opposite of ‘near’.
(a) Unknown
(b) Close
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(c) Remote
(d) Convenient
10. Find a word in the passage which means ‘the owner of a business.’
(a) Entrepreneur
(b) Businessman
(c) Proprietor
(d) Constructor
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PASSAGE - 28
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I notice nowadays a little girl at home always playing the school-game in a corner of the
verandah, but never without a flat, wooden foot-rule in hand, which she flourishes menacingly at the
pupils assembled in her phantasmagoric class-room.
On investigation, I found that the cane, being discredited, has yielded place to the root-rule,
especially in “Convent’ schools. The flat-rule has the advantage over the primitive birch of mauling
without marking (Which could count as an achievement in torturing technique) and it also possesses
the innocent appearance of a non-violent pedagogic equipment. A modern educator, naturally, has to
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adapt his ways to modern circumstances, and put away obsolete weapons. The flat-rule is employed
only at the primary stage; at higher levels of education, torments to a young soul are devised in
subtler forms progressively; admission, textbooks and examinations are the triple weapons in the
hands of an educator today.
1. What are the subtler forms of torture at higher level, used progressively?
(a) Getting admission into colleges is a torture
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(b) Getting into colleges, getting textbooks and facing exams.
(c) Putting away the obsolete weapons like canes.
(d) Using examination as a means of torture.
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2. What must have prompted the little girl to flourish the foot-rule menacingly at the pupils?
(a) Her teacher must have told her to do that
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(b) Her teacher must have flourished the foot-rule in her classroom
(c) The pupils assembled there must be noisy
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(d) the girl wants to frighten the pupils
3. What could be the investigation taken up by the writer?
(a) Why she used a flat-rule instead of a cane
(b) Why was she having her class in the corner
(c) Why she was threatening the pupils assembled
(d) Why she was always playing the school game
4. The cane is discredited because:
(a) the primitive birch can maul without marking
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(b) it is an achievement in torturing techniques

(c) it has a menacing appearance and it cannot maul without marking.
(d) it is non-violent pedagogic equipment
5. What is the advanced torturing technique at the primitive stage?
(a) The flat foot-rule
(b) Admissions and textbooks
(c) Examinations
(d) The primitive birch
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6. Select the best title:
(a) Flat Rule: the instrument of torture
(b) Modern Education
(c) The Little Girl
(d) The Imaginary World of Children
7. Select the meaning of the word phantasmagoric:
(a) pertaining to ghosts
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(b) fantastic
(c) sham
(d) imaginary
8. Select the statement which is false in the context of the passage:
(a) Physical torture has even completely done away with
(b) In some Convent schools, beating is still done
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(c) Flat-rule is modern instrument of torture
(d) Seeking admission in schools/ colleges is a torture
9. Select the statement which is true in the context of the passage:
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(a) Caning is an essential element of education

(b) Flat-rule has some advantages over the cane
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(c) The little girl has never been to a school

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(d) The objective of examinations is only to torture children
10. ‘Pedagogic’ means:
(a) Methodical
(b) Pertaining to punishment
(c) Pertaining to the science of teaching
(d) Instrumental
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PASSAGE - 29
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The great sage once had a group of disciples. They were all very bright and eager students
and the sage had all the reasons to be proud of them. One day the sage realized that he and imparted
were all very learned. There was only one thing the sage had not taught them, and that was the
special verse that could bring the dead back to life. The sage knew that such knowledge was too
t\wonderful and cold prove to be a dangerous thing in the hands of someone who was not very wise.
The sage pondered over this for a long time. But he also knew that if he did not pass on this secret
verse, it could die with him. So, at last he called his cleverest disciple aside and said, “I am going to
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teach you a very special verse. If you chant this, you can bring to this you can bring to life a dead
person or animal. Use only when you need it to and never misuse or test your powers vainly”. He
then called all the disciples together and said, “I am sending you all into the forest for forty days. Go
together and come back together. Each one of you has to guide one another and do good things.”
So the disciples started out together into the forest. They were all united. But the clever
disciple who knew the verse wanted to show he was better they came across a dead tiger on the way.
It was huge and looked wickedly fierce even when dead. The clever disciple stopped and said to the
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others, “Now, I am going to show you what our teacher has taught me alone. He has taught me how
to bring life back into the dead.” The others would not believe him and he said, “I would prove it to
you by bringing this tiger back to life.” But the other disciples said, “do not do anything to prove
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your knowledge vainly Moreover, if you put life into this tiger, it will only turn on us and kiss us all.
This will not be a wise thing to do.”
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But the clever disciple had decided to prove himself and prepared to recite the verse. But
before he did so, the other disciples scrambled up to the topmost branches of a big tree nearby. The
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disciple then recited the magical verse. The tiger slowly began to breathe. “It’s working,” cried the
disciple in excitement and joy. The tiger opened its eyes and saw him jumping and shouting in front
of him. Roaring loudly, the tiger pounced on the poor disciple and killed him.
The other disciples on the tree watched helplessly as the tiger threw down the dead body of
the disciple and went away into the forest. After some time, the disciples came down, took the body
and went to the sage. The sage looked at them and said, “Now you see what can happen if you don’t
use your learning wisely. Let this be a lesson for you.” With that, the sage uttered the magic verse
and brought the dead disciple back to life. The sage then taught the verse to all his disciples and sent
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them into the world to do good. He was sure that after such a lesson, they would be wiser and use
their knowledge and learning only for doing good.
1. Why was the sage proud of his disciples?
(a) Because they were very obedient
(b) Because they were very brilliant
(c) Because they never misused their knowledge
(d) Because they were very friendly with each other
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2. Why did all the disciples except one, climb up to the highest branches of the tree?
(a) Because they felt their lives were in danger.
(b) Because they did not approve of the behaviour of one of their fellows
(c) Because they did not know the secret verse
(d) Because they wanted to watch the scene
3. Why were the disciples sent to the forest by the sage?
(a) He did not want to teach them anything more
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(b) To teach them the lesson not to use their learning unwisely
(c) He wanted them to be eliminated
(d) So that the disciple could show them the magic of the secret verse
4. What is message conveyed in the passage?
(a) Teachers should impart equal knowledge to all their disciples
(b) A teacher must pass on all his knowledge to others before he dies.
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(c) Knowledge and learning should never be misused
(d) None of these
5. Why did the sage decide to pass on his secret verse to his disciple?
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(a) He did not want the verse to die with him

(b) So that the cleverest disciple could take his place
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(c) So that the cleverest disciple could revive the tiger

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(d) We wanted to see if the cleverest disciple abided by his instructions
6. What did the sage say to his disciple while teaching his secret verse?
(a) Not to use it to prove his superiority
(b) Never to misuse the power of the secret verse
(c) Not to share it with others
(d) Not to practice it on animals
7. How did the other disciples react when the clever disciple decided to bring the tiger back
to life?
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(a) They were quite surprised

(b) They felt quite happy
(c) They tried to deter him from doing so
(d) they remained indifferent
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8. Who is referred to as wicked and fierce by the author?
(a) The sage
(b) The clever disciple
(c) All the disciples
(d) The tiger
9. In the context of the passage, which statement is false?
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(a) The sage brought the clever disciple back to life
(b) The sage taught the secret verse to all his disciples
(c) the sage was prejudiced against the clever disciple
(d) The sage wanted the disciples to use their learning only for doing good.
10. Why did the clever disciple recite the verse to the dead tiger?
(a) So that the tiger may come back to life
(b) So that they could test the power of the verse
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(c) To carry out the instructions of the sage
(d) To flaunt the power of the verse to the other disciples
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PASSAGE - 30
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Many of the serious health concerns in modern America can be linked to poor diet. People
who regularly consume foods high in sodium, sugar and saturated fats not only increase their chances
of obesity, but also increase their risks of developing heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes and
several types of cancer. Although some people, who regularly consume unhealthy foods do so
knowingly, there is also a significant portion of the population that remains undereducated about
proper nutrition. What is more, individuals who live in food deserts - areas in low-income
neighborhoods that lack easy access to healthy, affordable food - may not even have the opportunity
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to obtain nutritious food. Food deserts are located in high-poverty areas, such as sparsely populated
rural areas or densely populated, low-income urban center. Food deserts most often develop when
major supermarket chains either relocate out of these areas or simply refrain from building stores
there. Major food retailing chains tend to limit their store locations to wealthier urban or suburban
neighborhoods. This means that those who live in high-poverty areas often also live miles away from
fresh meats, dairy products and produce available at supermarkets. Furthermore, fast food restaurants
are disproportionately concentrated in low-income areas.
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1. Food deserts are:
(a) areas having large supermarket chains
(b) low-income areas without access to healthy foods
(c) areas having large-scale plantations
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(d) areas not having large number of restaurants

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2. The best possible title for the passage is :

(a) Supermarket’s Contribution to Obesity in America
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(b) The Dangers of Fast Food
(c) Food Deserts: The problem of poor Diet
(d) Why Processed Food Kills
3. Serious health concerns in modern America are related to:
(a) smoking
(b) fast life
(c) poor diet
(d) loneliness
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4. People belonging to low-income group mostly resort to:

(a) fresh milk and vegetables (b) gambling
(c) rash driving (d) fast food
5. Food deserts are formed when:
(a) major supermarket chains are unavailable in some areas
(b) people do not like eating fresh food
(c) people relocate to new areas
(d) Most remain under-educated about nutritious food
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PASSAGE - 31
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Let us wish nothing that will make the world proper; nothing that will bring pain or privation
to our fellowmen.
We shall not dwell upon the past unhappiness, which avails us nothing and begets nothing
but grief.
We will not compare past and present joys, to the detriment of the present ones.
We will not be discouraged if the way is all uphill, and travelling is slow, so long as we are
rising.
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We will not make too heroic resolutions, beyond our strength to perform, lest they become
but shameful memories.
We will try to words and deeds to show a livelier appreciation of the good that comes our
way.
We will strive to cultivate more intelligently the art of giving, and to understand the truth that
what we keep we lose, and what we give away remains forever ours.
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1. We must wish for the __________ of our fellow.
(a) well-being
(b) pain
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(c) privation
(d) riches
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2. It will make us ________ if we continue to live in the past.

(a) lonely
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(b) happy
(c) unhappy
(d) nothing
3. We must ___________ in the face of steep challenges.
(a) not lose courage even if we make small progress
(b) not lose courage even if we make no progress
(c) lose courage if we make big progress
(d) lose courage if we make small progress
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4. We must learn to be __________ things that comes our way.

(a) thankful for every bad
(b) thankless for every good
(c) thankless for every bad
(d) thankful for every good
5. We must be generous for what we ___________ in time.
(a) give loses its live (b) give away remain ours
(c) keep loses its value (d) keep remains
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PASSAGE - 32
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Unlike the masses, intellectuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. Their critical
habit of mind makes them resistant to the kind of propaganda that works so well on the majority
Intellectuals are the kind of people who demand evidence and are shocked by logical inconsistencies
and fal laci es. They regard over-simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use for the
slogans, the unqualified assertions and sweeping generalizations, which are the propagandist’s stock-
in-trade.
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1. Intellectuals are the kind of people who
(a) look for evidence in support of logical inconsistencies and fallacies
(b) accept only those things which are logically consistent and well supported by evidence
(c) demand logical inconsistencies and fallacies
(d) ignore faulty logic and wrong beliefs
2. ‘Fallacies’ means
(a) illogical arguments
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(b) inconsistencies
(c) false evidence
(d) false beliefs
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3. A trait which intellectuals do not possess is

(a) over-simplification
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(b) logical thinking

(c) critical thinking
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(D) rationality
4. The first sentence of the passage suggests that

(a) intellectuals behave like individuals, not like members of a crowd
(b) individuals are intellectuals
(c) al l i ndiv idual s have a taste f or rationality and an interest in facts
(d) groups consist of intellectual
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5. The majority of people

(a) work well with intellectuals
(b) possess a critical habit of mind
(c) resist propaganda
(d) do not possess a critical habit of mind
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PASSAGE - 33
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The two dominant features of our age are the science and democracy. They have come to stay.
We cannot ask educated people to accept the del i verances of f ai th wi thout rat i onal evidence.
Whatever we are called upon to accept must be justified and supported by reason. Otherwise our
religious beliefs will be reduced to wishful thinking. Modem man must leam to live with a religion
which commends itself to his intellectual conscience, to the spirit of science. Besides, religion should
be the sustaining faith of democracy which insists on the intellectual and spiritual development of
every human being irrespective of his caste, creed, community or race, Any religion which divides
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man from man or supports privileges, exploitation, wars cannot commend itself to us today.
1. In the passage it is said that democracy

(a) Should aim at intellectual development
(b) Should strengthen religion
(c) Should work for spiritual development of very human being
(d) Both (A) and (C)
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2. Which of the following is correct?
(a) A good reli gi on support s wars i f necessary
(b) A good religion grants a number of privileges to people.
(c) A good religion divides man from man
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(d) A good religion supports democratic system.

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3. The writer of the passage stresses the importance of

(a) religion
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(b) science
(c) science and democracy
(d) Democracy
4. The writer says that

(a) educated people are likely to accept faith not supported by reason.
(b) People should have unquestionable faith in religion
(c) faith and reason are two separate entities
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(d) faith without rational evidence may not be acceptable to the educated people.
5. What, according to the writer, is the role of religion in the present age?
(a) To promote rational thinking
(b) To inculcate scientific spirit in man
(c) To strengthen faith in democracy
(d) To develop faith in God
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PASSAGE - 34
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Reports of farmers dying from pesticide exposure in Maharashtra’s cotton belt in Yavatmal make
it evident that the government’s efforts to regulate toxic chemicals used in agriculture have miserably
failed. It is natural for cotton growers under pressure to protect their investments to rely on greater
volumes of insecticides in the face of severe pest attacks. It appears many of them have suffered high
levels of exposure to the poisons, leading to their death. The fact that they had to rely mainly on the
advice of unscrupulous agents and commercial outlets for pesticides, rather than on agricultural exten-
sion officers, shows gross irresponsibility on the part of the government. But the problem runs deeper.
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The system of regulation of insecticides in India is obsolete, and even the feeble efforts at reform
initiated by the UPA government have fallen by the wayside. A new Pesticides Management Bill intro-
duced in 2008 was studied by the Parliamentary Standing Committee, but it is still pending. At the same
time, there is worrying evidence that a large quantum of pesticides sold to farmers today is spurious, and
such fakes are enjoying a higher growth rate than the genuine products. Clearly, there is a need for a
high-level inquiry into the nature of pesticides used across the country, and the failure of the regulatory
system. This should be similar to the 2003 Joint Parliamentary Committee that looked into harmful
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chemical residues in beverages and recommended the setting of tolerance limits.
1. The death of farmers in Maharashtra’s cotton belt in Yavatmal shows that..?

(a) the government has waived the loan of the farmers
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(b) government is considering providing shelter for farmers

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(c) government’s efforts to regulate toxic chemicals used in agriculture have miserably failed.
(d) government’s efforts to issue warrant against farmers for unethical use of toxic chemicals
has been successful
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2. According to the paragraph, what is the main cause of farmer’s death?
(a) farmers are illiterate
(b) farmers have suffered high levels of exposure to the poisons
(c) farmers cannot differentiate between good or bad
(d) None of these
3. According to the passage, when was the "new Pesticides Management Bill" introduced by the
Parliamentary Standing Committee?
(a) in 2008 (b) in 2006
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(c) in 2007 (d) in 2005

4. What is the Synonym of the word 'unscrupulous'?
(a) fraudulent (b) ethical
(c) honest (d) reverent
5. What is the Opposite meaning of the word 'feeble'?
(a) incapacitated
(b) debilitated
(c) enervated
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PASSAGE - 35
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If a country should have a message for its people, it should be a message of human dignity. The
ideals of a nation should be of the freedom of ideas, speech, press, the right to assemble and the right
to worship. A country should boldly proclaim to a word dominated by tyrants that “all men are created
equal and they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights” and “among these are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”. This should be the source of the strength and power of a
nation. If people have the freedom to live their lives in dignity, they can work with a sound mind and
physical health. The moral, political, and economic stature of a country lies in the strength of its
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people. A nation should strive to be a more perfect, not the perfect country where the people are given
a promise and a hope in their minds to work and cherish liberty, justice, and opportunity. We do not
always get what we want when we want it but it is always better to believe that someday, somehow,
someway, we will get what we want.
1. Citizens of a country should work and cherish

(a) liberty, justice, and opportunity
(b) liberty and happiness
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(c) love
(d) opportunity and justice
2. The ending part of the passage is about
(a) A promise
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(c) Perfection
(d) Want
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3. The source of the strength and power of a nation depends on
(a) its elderly
(b) the physical health of the people
(c) freedom of the government
(d) rights of the people
4. The passage leads the reader to think about:
(a) The morals of a nation
(b) What a country desires
(c) Ruling nations
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(d) The Rights of the people

5. “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” are:
(a) Pillars of inequality
(b) Gifts of our creator
(c) Rights of all living beings
(d) Ideals of a nation
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PASSAGE - 36
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By refusing to certify the Iran nuclear deal, which curbed its nuclear programme in return for lifting
global sanctions, U.S. President Donald Trump has put the two-year-old pact on dangerous footing. Under
American law, the administration has to certify that Iran is technically in compliance with the deal that
was struck between Iran and six other world powers, including the U.S., every 90 days. All other signato-
ries, as well as the UN, insisting that Iran is fully complying. But Mr. Trump, who had during his election
campaign threatened to tear up the deal and as President continued to call it the “worst agreement in
American diplomatic history”, disavowed it days before the next certification was due. From its early
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days, his administration has taken a hawkish line towards Iran, imposing new sanctions on its missile
programmes and joining hands with its regional rivals in West Asia. But even as he withdrew certifica-
tion, he did not scrap the deal. Instead, he passed the buck to U.S. lawmakers. The Republican-controlled
Congress now has 60 days to decide whether sanctions should be reimposed. It is unlikely to do anything
radical in the near term as any sweeping legislation would require bipartisan support in the Senate.
Nonetheless, the damage Mr. Trump’s decision has done to the agreement and to American diplomacy, in
general, is huge. He appears to be driven by political calculations rather than a realistic assessment of the
agreement, which, by its own standards, is working.
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1. In how many days "the Republican-controlled Congress" has to decide whether sanctions
should be reimposed or not?
(a) 90 days
(b) 60 days
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(c) 30 days
(d) None of these
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2. In the given passage, Which deal has been talked about prominently?
(a) Iran nuclear deal
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(b) American nuclear deal
(c) Asian nuclear deal
(d) None of these
3. According to the passage, which is the correct statement?
(a) American President advocated nuclear disarmament
(b) Only UN supported the deal
(c) All other signatories, as well as the UN, insisted that Iran is fully complying to the nuclear deal.
(d) None of these
4. What does ‘nonetheless’ mean in the given passage?
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(a) not available

(b) Never happening
(c) almost nothing
(d) in spite of that
5. What is the synonym for the given word “disavowed” in the passage?
(a) repudiate
(b) repugnant
(c) obnoxious
(d) amenities
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PASSAGE - 37
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Some months ago, a global leader of the IT industry set sections of India’s corporate-sector elite
aflutter with the comment that Indians are not creative. It is possible to disagree with the criterion Steve
Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple Computer, had adopted while at the same time agreeing with some of
his observations. He had predicted that Indians are unlikely to create world-leading IT companies be-
cause they lack the creativity to do so and argued that this has to do with the education system.
While building global IT giants may have more to do with an appetite for growing a business
rather than anything else, Mr. Wozniak’s assessment of India’s education system is sharp. He traced the
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lack of creativity to an education system that rewarded studiousness over independent thought. He also
managed an anthropological take when he identified the ‘MBA and the Merc’ as the mark of success in
India’s corporate world. For good measure he likened this to the culture of Singapore, but here he may
have missed a trick. The per capita income of Singaporeans is quite close to that of Americans. And that
country has achieved much of what it set out to do when it struck off on its own, which was to turn a
swampy colonial port into a prosperous city state proudly independent of world powers. Also, it has a
national leadership more educated and responsible than what the U.S. has currently. Singapore’s orderly
society may not be everybody’s cup of tea but its history suggests one way we could identify the creativ-
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ity of a people as a whole. That is, a people are truly creative when they are able to collectively surmount
the challenges that their country faces.
Actually, what India is experiencing in higher education today is far worse than merely the
production of studious but creativity-challenged youth. There is abetment of a toxic productivity
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whereby our universities churn out youth with a poor grasp of the subject matter that they are expected
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to know and an even poorer understanding of the challenges that India today faces, for which they alone
can provide the solutions. This is particularly troubling as public expenditure on education in India
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favours higher education far more than elsewhere in the world when schooling is severely neglected by
comparison. In addition, this is a sector so micro-managed that it answers to former Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh’s description of the Indian economy in the 1990s as “over regulated and under gov-
erned” better than the economy itself. So, neither funding nor neglect can be blamed for the lack of
vitality in India’s institutions of higher education.
Universities are embedded in society and cannot be expected to naturally rise above them. Close
to 50 years ago, Nobel laureate Amartya Sen had spoken of a ‘crisis in Indian education’ pointing to how
India’s educational policy had been shaped by the aspiration of its middle class. Creativity is unlikely to
have been a part of it. However, it is precisely to ensure that there is no sectional capture of public
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institutions intended to serve a larger purpose that we have public regulators. While there is more than
one regulator for the higher education sector in India, for sheer reach the University Grants Commission
(UGC) is unmatched. To say that it has a major responsibility in the state of affairs that we are experi-
encing in higher education would be an understatement. The government would be advised to follow
email discussions of UGC regulations circulating on the Internet right now to garner a sense of how wide
the resentment against the body is.
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1. "He also managed an anthropological take when he identified the ‘MBA and the Merc’ as the
mark of success in India’s corporate world." What is the meaning of the phrase "‘MBA and
the Merc’ as the mark of success in India’s corporate world" in the passage?
(a) In India, and MBA degree from the Merc University is considered as a mark of success.
(b) In India, having an MBA degree and a Mercedes car are considered as a mark of success.
(c) In India, an MBA graduate is only considered eligible for being successful.
(d) In India, having an MBA degree is considered the eligibility to drive a Mercedes car.
2. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the education system in India?
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(I) In India, Children are going to school but not learning much beyond “floor level tasks”.
(II) The education system lays more emphasis on spending a lot of time studying than embracing
independent thoughts.
(III) People in India tend to spend more on higher education in comparison to schooling.
(a) Only (I)
(b) Only (III)
(c) Both (II) and (III)
(d) Both (I) and (II)
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3. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage above?
(a) Creativity of a country can be assessed by its ability to get over the challenges it faces.
(b) Politicians, bureaucrats, and media can influence education from the outside, but they find it
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of no use to advance their agendas.

(c) Parents, students, and employers must demand that our institutions deliver real capability and
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not empty certificates.

(d) Both (a) and (b)
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4. What is the tone used by the author in the passage given above?
(a) Didactic
(b) Laudatory
(c) Satirical
(d) Critical
5. Which of the following word has similar meaning to the word SWAMPY ?
(I) Parched
(II) Shrivelled
(III) Marshy
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(IV) Soggy
(a) Only (I)
(b) Only (IV)
(c) Both (III) and (IV)
(d) Both (I) and (III)
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6. Which of the following word has similar meaning to the word SURMOUNT?
(I) Fondle
(II) Triumph
(III) Flunk
(IV) Subdue
(a) Only (I)
(b) Only (IV)
(c) Both (II) and (IV)
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7. Which of the following word/pair of words is/are opposite in meaning to the word ABEMENT?
(I) Assistance
(II) Backing
(III) Hindrance
(IV) Menace
(a) Only (I)
(b) Only (III)
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8. Which of the following word is opposite in meaning to the word GARNER?
(I) Brigade
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(II) Congregate
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(III) Huddle
(IV) Dissipate
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(a) Only (I)
(b) Only (IV)
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PASSAGE - 38
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It has taken Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh over a year and a half to launch his
much-anticipated war on drugs. This he did on July 4 by ordering mandatory drug tests for all govern-
ment employees, including the police. While this is welcome, even if belated, it is a very small and
insubstantial measure towards curbing the pervasive drug menace. For someone who promised to wipe
out drugs from the State within a month of being elected, the conduct of annual drug tests on some 3.25
lakh employees is a piece of tokenism. More steps are needed; less missteps, too. The decision of the
Punjab Cabinet to recommend the death penalty to drug-peddlers is an example of the latter. Capital
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punishment is abhorrent. Given that there is evidence that suggests it is also no guarantee of deterring
crime, this is more of an empty signal. What is required is a comprehensive war on drugs fought on
several fronts, including interventions in the community to spread awareness and foster a culture against
the use of drugs. The challenges faced by the State are huge. Estimates vary but by some accounts as
many as two-thirds of all households in Punjab have a drug addict in their midst.
Punjab’s prisons are overcrowded with drug-users and peddlers, and its streets and farms witness
the easy availability of narcotics and opiates. Last year the government arrested 18,977 peddlers and
treated some two lakh addicts. The sheer extent of the problem suggests it is more than just a few profi-
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teers that have been responsible for causing this menace or helping to sustain it. Something of this scale
required a wide network, a well-oiled and smoothly run machinery that has the secret support and col-
laboration of at least a few of those who work in government.
Given the geography, the drugs, whether it is opium or heroin, make an easy and assisted en-
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trance into Punjab from the Golden Crescent (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan), and synthetic drugs are
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thought to come in via Himachal Pradesh. That means those guarding Punjab’s 553-km border with
Pakistan must take serious steps to plug the inflow. The Central security forces are obviously beyond the
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control of Amarinder Singh. Therefore, security-planners in New Delhi have to make sure that the border
is properly barred to the flow of narcotic substances. This is a national problem as a substantial portion
of the drugs that land in Punjab make their way to the rest of the country. Given the links between drugs
and terror, this poses a national security threat. Then there are the politicians. The previous Akali Dal-
BJP alliance had also promised to drain Punjab’s vast drug swamp. The political class has a critical role
to play in winning the war on drugs. It is not enough that politicians merely line up to have themselves
tested for drugs to win political brownie points. They need to put the State and the nation above self-
serving political ends and agree that this battle must be fought in concrete ways, going beyond photo-ops
and sound-bites
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1. Which style of writing is used by the author in the passage above?

(a) Narrative
(b) Analytical
(c) Descriptive
(d) Argumentative
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2. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage above?
(a) High on rhetoric: on punishment against peddlers
(b) High on rhetoric: on Punjab's Drug Menace
(c) Guarding Punjab’s Border
(d) Role of Politics in curbing Drug Menace
3. Which of the following statements is/are correct in context with the passage?
(I) Death penalty to drug-peddlers by Punjab cabinet is considered as a badly judged decision by
the writer.
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(II) Authorized killing as punishment against drug peddling offers no guarantee of interception.
(III) CM of Punjab ordered mandatory drug tests for all government employees as a measure to
curb the drug menace.
(a) Only (I)
(b) Only (III)
(c) Both (II) and (III)
(d) All are correct
4. Which of the following word has similar meaning to the word CURB?
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(a) Freedom
(b) Restraint
(c) Latitude
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(d) Felicitate
5. Which of the following word has similar meaning to the word ABHORRENT?
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(a) Innocuous
(b) Inoffensive
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(c) Applauding
(d) Loathsome
6. Which of the following word is opposite in meaning to the word FOSTER?
(a) Incubate
(b) Agitate
(c) Indoctrinate
(d) Inhibit
7. Which of the following word is opposite in meaning to the word MENACE?
(a) Imminence
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(b) Pitfall
(c) Intimidation
(d) Shield
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PASSAGE - 39
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Caffeine, the stimulant in coffee, has been called “the most widely used psychoactive substance on
Earth”. Snyder, Daly and Burns have recently proposed that caffeine affect behavior by countering the
activity in the human brain of a naturally occurring chemical called adenosine. Adenosine normally
depresses neuron firing in many areas of the brain. It apparently does this by inhibiting the release of
neurotransmitters, chemicals that carry nerve impulses from one neuron to the next. Like many other
agents that affect neuron firing, adenosine must first bind to specific receptors on neuronal membranes.
There are at least two classes of these receptors, which have been designated A1 and A2. Snyder et al
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propose that caffeine, which is structurally similar to adenosine, is able to bind to both types of recep-
tors, which prevents adenosine from attaching there and allows the neurons to fire more readily than they
otherwise would. For many years, caffeine ‘s effects have been attributed to its inhibition of the produc-
tion of phosphodiesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the chemical called cyclic AMP. A number of
neurotransmitters exert their effects by first increasing cyclic AMP concentrations in target neurons.
Therefore, prolonged periods at the elevated concentrations, as might be brought about by a phosphodi-
esterase inhibitor, could lead to a greater amount of neuron firing and, consequently, to behavioral
stimulation. But Snyder et al point out that the caffeine concentrations needed to inhibit the production
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of phosphodiesterase in the brain are much higher than those that produce stimulation. Moreover, other
compounds that block phosphodiesterase ‘s activity are not stimulants. To buttress their case that caf-
feine acts instead by preventing adenosine binding, Snyder et al compared the stimulatory effects of a
series of caffeine derivatives with their ability to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the brains of
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mice. “ In general”, they reported, “ the ability of the compounds to compete at the receptors correlates
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with their ability to stimulate locomotion in the mouse; i.e., the higher their capacity to bind at the
receptors, the higher their ability to stimulate locomotion”. Theophylline, a close structural relative of
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caffeine and the major stimulant in tea, was one of the most effective compounds in both regards. There
were some apparent exceptions to the general correlation observed between adenosine-receptor binding
and stimulation. One of these was a compound called 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), which
bound very well but actually depressed mouse locomotion. Snyder et al suggests that this is not a major
stumbling block to their hypothesis. The problem is that the compound has mixed effects in the brain, a
not unusual occurrence with psychoactive drugs. Even caffeine, which is generally known only for its
stimulatory effects, displays this property, depressing mouse locomotion at very low concentrations and
stimulating it at higher ones.
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1. The primary purpose of the passage is to ?

(a) discuss a plan for investigation of a phenomenon that is not yet fully understood
(b) present two explanations of a phenomenon and reconcile the differences between them
(c) summarize two theories and suggest a third theory that overcomes the problems encountered
in the first two
(d) describe an alternative hypothesis and provide evidence and arguments that support it
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2. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the theory proposed by Snyderetal?
(a) At very low concentrations in the human brain, both caffeine and theophylline tend to have
depressive rather than stimulatory effects on human behavior.
(b) The ability of caffeine derivatives at very low concentrations to dislodge adenosine from its
receptors in mouse brains correlates well with their ability to stimulate mouse locomotion at
these low concentrations.
(c) The concentration of cyclic AMP in target neurons in the human brain that leads to increased
neuron firing can be produced by several different phosphodiesterase inhibitors in addition to
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caffeine.
(d) The concentration of caffeine required to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the human
brain is much greater than the concentration that produces behavioral stimulation in humans.
3. According so Snyder et al, caffeine differs from adenosine in that caffeine

(a) stimulates behavior in the mouse and in humans, whereas adenosine stimulates behavior in
humans only
(b) has mixed effects in the brain, whereas adenosine has only a stimulatory effect
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(c) increases cyclic AMP concentrations in target neurons, whereas adenosine decreases such
concentrations
(d) permits release of neurotransmitters when it is bound to adenosine receptors, whereas adenos-
ine inhibits such release
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4. In response to experimental results concerning IBMX, Snyder et al contended that it is not

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uncommon for psychoactive drugs to have

(a) mixed effects in the brain
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(b) inhibitory effects on enzymes in the brain
(c) close structural relationships with caffeine
(d) depressive effects on mouse locomotion
5. The passage suggests that Snyder et al believe that if the older theory concerning caffeine’s
effects were correct, which of the following would have to be the case?
I. All neurotransmitters would increase the short-term concentration of cyclic AMP in target
neurons.
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II. Substances other than caffeine that inhibit the production of phosphodiesterase would be
stimulants.
III. All concentration levels of caffeine that are high enough to produce stimulation would also
inhibit the production of phosphodiesterase.
(a) I only
(b) I and II only
(c) I and III only
(d) II and III only
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6. According to Snyder et al, all of the following compounds can bind to specific receptors in the
brain EXCEPT.
(a) IBMX
(b) caffeine
(c) adenosine
(d) phosphodiesterase
7. Snyder et al suggest that caffeine’s ability to bind to A1 and A2 receptors can be at least
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partially attributed to which of the following?
(a) The chemical relationship between caffeine and phosphodiesterase
(b) The structural relationship between caffeine and adenosine
(c) The structural similarity between caffeine and neurotransmitters
(d) The ability of caffeine to stimulate behavior
8. Which among the following is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word ‘INHIBITING’ ?
(a) earsplitting
(b) perpetually
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(c) encouraging
(d) unruffled
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PASSAGE - 40
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Ethics concern an individual’s moral judgements about right and wrong. Decisions taken within an org-
anization may be made by individuals or groups, but whoever makes them will be influenced by the
culture of the company. The decision to behave ethically is a moral one; employees must decide what
they think is the right course of action. This may involve rejecting the route that would lead to the
biggest short-term profit. Ethical issues include the rights and duties between a company and its employ-
ees, suppliers, customers and neighbours, its fiduciary responsibility to its shareholders. Issues concern-
ing relations between different companies include hostile take-over and industrial espionage. Related
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issues include governance; corporate; political contributions; legal issues such as the ethical debate over
introducing a crime of corporate manslaughter; and the marketing of corporations’ ethics policies.
Business ethics reflects the philosophy of business, one of whose aims is to determine the fundamental
purposes of a company. If a company’s purpose is to maximize shareholder returns, then sacrificing
profits to other concerns is a violation of its fiduciary responsibility. Business ethics is also known as
corporate ethics, a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and
moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business
conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. Business ethics has both
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normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is
primarily normative. Academics attempting to understand business behaviour employ descriptive meth-
ods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing
behaviour with non-economic concerns. Ethical behaviour and corporate social responsibility can bring
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significant benefits to a business. For example, they may: attract customers to the firm’s products,
thereby boosting sales and profits. It makes employees want to stay with the business, reduce labour
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turnover and therefore increase productivity. It attracts more employees wanting to work for the busi-
ness, reduce recruitment costs and enable the company to get the most talented employees and also
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attract investors and keep the company’s share price high, thereby protecting the business from takeover.
While unethical behaviour or a lack of corporate social responsibility, by comparison, may damage a
firm’s reputation and make it less appealing to stakeholders. Unethical behaviour can also result in bad
publicity, resulting in a bad name that will always be associated with the company even if they attempt to
utilize a more ethical code of conduct. If a company has unethical behaviour and is charged by the
courts, they can wind up paying fines, court fees and may even receive some jail time, many companies
eventually go bankrupt and close their doors due to the high cost of unethical behaviours. Unethical
behaviour also decreases productivity of a company. If you are working in a company with bad ethical
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behaviours, it is difficult for the employees to trust each other, or their supervisors. When people work in
an environment where they do not trust anyone, they are not going to do their best work, if they continue
to work there at all. Unethical behaviour can cause employees to lose the faith in the company and
become more likely to call in sick more often or not even show up at all. Once a company is known for
having unethical behaviours, the effects can be permanent. All of the years spent building a good reputa-
tion can be quickly torn down with only one unethical incident, destroying the company’s reputation
possibly forever.
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1. What is meant by Manslaughter ?
(a) A kind of heinous crime
(b) It’s all about foul play.
(c) Legally killing of one human being by another.
(d) Killing without malicious forethought
2. What is/are the dimensions of Business ethics ?

(a) Corporate ethics
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(b) Applied ethics or professional ethics
(c) Normative and descriptive
(d) None of these
3. What can be the worst impact of unethical behaviour in corporate world ?

(a) It can reduce the loyalty of customer towards the product.
(b) It will reduce productivity.
(c) It may damage firm’s reputation and make it less appealing to stake holders.
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(d) A company can be charged by the counts and order to close down it with a fine or jail or both.
Thus, company becomes insolvent.
4. Once a company is known for having unethical behaviours, the effect can be-
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(a) Permanent
(b) Negligible
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(c) Determined
(d) Partial
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5. Which of the following is definitely true in the context of the passage ?
(a) Profit maximization directly proportional to ethical behaviour.
(b) People having ethical behaviour always in loss at their working place.
(c) Corporate culture does not understand business behaviour.
(d) None of these
6. Which is the best expression of this word FIDUCIARY?

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(a) Employee
(b) Depositary
(c) Guardian
(d) Collector
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7. Which is the best expression of this word ESPIONAGE?
(a) Spying
(b) Information
(c) Reforms
(d) Norms
8. Chosse the word which is most SIMILAR in meaning of the word TORN DOWN?
(a) Restored
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(b) Solvent
(c) Bulldoze
(d) Demolish
9. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word WIND-UP?
(a) Start
(b) Neglect
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(c) Conclude
(d) Unsettled
10. Which is the most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word BANKRUPT?

th
(a) Successful
(b) Saved
wi
(c) Rich
(d) Solvent
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PASSAGE - 41
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Business law skill sets can greatly complement the network built and sectoral expertise acquired over
years of working with the government. Due to the vast exposure and domain expertise gathered over
years of working with the government, several unique career opportunities emerge for civil servants,
ranging from being an in-house consultant, an advisor or entrepreneur (as explained below), which they
can capitalize on within a few years of starting work itself or after retirement (whether it is after VRS or
post superannuation). For example, engineers who have worked for the government or who have worked
as officers of PSUs can become extremely sought-after business consultants if they possess an under-
E GV
E GV
standing of business laws, commercial agreements and regulations, apart from technical knowledge.
Another feasible option is to work as a business consultant who understands his or her own field and on-
ground aspects of how law applies to it. The market has huge demand for such engineers. For this pur-
poses, having practical legal skills is an added advantage. These skills can be acquired through prior
experience, which has its own monetary and time costs or by pursuing a systematic course such as this:
Diploma in Entrepreneurship Administration and Business Law. Government officers are known to wear
different kinds of hats for private businesses – whether it is lobbying with the government for a benefi-
cial policy for organizations operating in a particular sector (e.g. the hotels and hospitality industry or the
E GV
E GV
IT sector), operating as financial or tax consultants or working as advisors on regulatory issues (such as
competition, securities or tax issues), or working at the country’s best management consultancies (such
as BCG or McKinsey), law firms, accountancy firms or as in-house advisors for companies. Some
government officers even become independent consultants to private businesses and start a service
th
business of their own based on such experience. These positions are very lucrative, but require a sound
wi
understanding of how commercial arrangements and regulatory laws work.

I know of civil servants who started law firms which are top-rated in their area of practice. For example,
E GV
E GV
one of India’s most famous boutique competition law firms, K.K. Sharma Law Offices, was set up by an
Indian Revenue Service officer who served the government for two decades. Similarly, many govern-
ment officers have started their own businesses – recall that Air Deccan, the famous airline which first
started price-wars in the airline industry, was founded by Captain Gopinath, who served the Indian Army.
Similarly Ascent Capital, an extremely renowned private equity fund with investments in technology,
power, finance and infrastructure space, was founded by a government officer who worked with the
revenue department and then with SEBI. Similarly, I know of several army officers who have started
their own private security agencies.
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1. Which of the following is ‘true’ in the context of the passage?

(a) Engineers are not proficient for governments PSUs.
(b) Governments officers are not expert in private business.
(c) There is no need of independent consultant to private business.
(d) Ascent capital is founded by a government officer.
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2. Which of the following is the central theme of the passage?
(a) Entrepreneurship, an opportunity for government officers.
(b) What is the demand of Governments PSUs.
(c) Business consultancy, entrepreneurship and new career opportunities
(d) What is the difference between Government sector and private sector.
3. According to the passage, what is the huge demand of Market ?

(a) Private business consultants.
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(b) Highly experienced Engineers.
(c) Highly qualified government officials.
(d) Market has huge demand for such engineers who are proficient in their field.
4. Which of the following statement is false in the context of the given passage?
(a) Some government officers become independent consultants to private businesses and started
their own service business.
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(b) Air Deccan started by K K Shamra.
(c) Civil servants who started law firms which are on top in their area of practice.
(d) There are many army officers who have started their own private security agencies.
th
5. What is/are feasible option to work as a business Consultant ?

(A) Market requirements such employees who understand their business from ground-level.
wi
(B) Market needs such engineers they have practical skills of their field.
(C) Its not mandatory to having practical knowledge for business consultant.
E GV
E GV
(D) No prior experience required for Business Consultant.
(a) Only A and B
(b) Only B and C
(c) All A, C and D
(d) All B, C and D
6. Choose the word which is most similar in meaning of the word Feasible?
(a) Flexible
(b) appropriate,
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(c) Distant
(d) Opposite
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7. Choose the word which is best expression of this word Renowned
(a) Outsider
(b) Finished
(c) Interloper
(d) Known
8. Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning of the word Possess
(a) Purview
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(b) Lack
(c) Feature
(d) Known
9. Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning of the word Lucrative
(a) Fatness
(b) Fruitful
(c) Gainful
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(d) Unprofitable
10. Choose the word which is opposite in meaning of this word Ascent
th
(a) Clambering
(b) Climb
wi
(c) Descent
(d) Ascension
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EGV EGV E GV
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EGV EGV EGV

1. Ravi was popular because:

(a) meet people

(b) talk to his daughter

(c) People did not like his speech

1. Jogging is a popular exercise because it:

(b) it is done speedily

(d) it is done on a lawn

(c) requires less space

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3. The author lived in the country:

(d) from a newspaper correspondent

1. Initially Krishnappa Jagannath raised Rs. 65,000:

(b) head of the Gram Panchayat

(c) District Magistrate of Belandur

(b) showed a great aptitude for computers

(d) a Non-Government Organization

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1. The martyrs who died for the freedom of India wanted:

2. These martyrs wanted that:

4. Our freedom-fighters envisioned that in free India:

1. According to this passage, most readers think that poetry is essentially:

(a) an objective of the past events

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1. The author couldn’t sleep because:

(c) prevent her from falling down

(d) save her from danger

(c) was too weak to walk

1. The phrase ‘essentially conservative nature’ implies that culture:

(c) without asserting his dignity

(d) without constantly striving for a better mode of life

(c) instinct for survival

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1. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) live in a philosophically advanced age

(b) live in a spiritually advanced age

1. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) Kerala is very well connected to rest of the country.

4. Which one of the following statements is correct?

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(c) Fierce competitiveness in the modern world

3. What does dogmatism imply in the above passage?

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(d) the conquest of the Atlantic Ocean

4. The most important advantage that Portugal had, was its:

(b) one certain specified occasions

(d) during the evening walk

(d) it was not frequented by people who would pollute it

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(a) the lowbrows have rejected the priority of the highbrows

1. The two greatest enemies of the Himalayan climber are:

(a) in the summer months

(c) early in May or in October

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(c) an accidental discovery

2. Human cells become more susceptible to cancer because of:

(d) high calorie foods