A Major Project report on

DIGITAL NOTICE BOARD USING NODE-MCU

Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the Academic Requirements for the Award of
the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted By

PRANUSHA PRIYA M (17911A0444)

KHUMBAM RUCHITHA (17911A0429)
D. BHAVYA REDDY (17911A0416)
G. SREE CHARITHA REDDY (17911A0420)
Under The Esteemed Guidance Of,
Mrs. J Sridevi
Associate Professor
Department of ECE

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

VIDYA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institute)
Accredited by NAAC & NBA, Approved By A.I.C.T.E., New Delhi, Permanently Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
(Aziz Nagar, C.B.Post, Hyderabad -500075)

2017-2021

i
 VIDYA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institute)
Accredited by NAAC & NBA, Approved By A.I.C.T.E., New Delhi, Permanently Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
(Aziz Nagar, C.B.Post, Hyderabad -500075)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report titled “DIGITAL NOTICE BOARD USING NODE-MCU”
is being submitted by PRANUSHA PRIYA M (17911A0444), KHUMBAM RUCHITHA
(17911A0429), D.BHAVYA REDDY (17911A0416), G.SREE CHARITHA REDDY
(17911A0420) of B-tech IV-semester of Electronics & Communication Engineering is a record
bonafide work carried out by them. The results embodied in this report have not been submitted to any
other University for the award of any degree.

INTERNAL GUIDE, HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT,

Mrs. J Sridevi Dr. K. Vasanth

( Associate Professor Dept Of ECE ) ( Professor & HOD Dept Of ECE )

EXTERNAL EXAMINER,

ii
 DECLARATION

We the undersigned, declare that the project title “DIGITAL NOTICE BOARD USING NODE-
MCU” being submitted in partial fulfillment for award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in
Electronics And Communication Engineering, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology (An Autonomous
Institute) is work carried out by us.

PROJECT ASSOCIATE:

PRANUSHA PRIYA (17911A0444)

KHUMBAM RUCHITHA (17911A0429)

D.BHAVYA REDDY (17911A0416)

G. SREE CHARITHA REDDY (17911A0420)

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Mrs. J. Sridevi, Project guide who has guided
and supported us through every stage in the project.

We are really grateful to Mr. S. Saravanan, Project Coordinator for his time to time, much needed
valuable guidance throughout our study.

We are really grateful to Dr. K. Vasanth, HOD ECE Department, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology
for his time to time, much needed valuable guidance throughout our study.

We express our hearted gratitude to Dr. A. Padmaja, Principal Vidya Jyothi Institute of
Technology for giving us spontaneous encourage for completing the project.

We thank Dr. P. Venugopal Reddy, Dean of Examinations, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology
for encouraging us in the completion of our project.

. We thank Dr. E. Saibaba Reddy, Director of Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology for
encouraging us in the completion of our project.

We express our heartful thanks to Staff of Electronics And Communication Department, Vidya
Jyothi Institute of Technology for helping us in carrying out our project successfully.

PROJECT ASSOCIATE:

PRANUSHA PRIYA M (17911A0444)

KHUMBAM RUCHITHA (17911A0429)

D.BHAVYA REDDY (17911A0416)

G. SREE CHARITHA REDDY (17911A0420)

iv
 ABSTRACT

Notice boards play a vital role many applications mostly in educational institutions. The events,
occasions or any news, which has to be passed to the students, will be written on the notice boards
present in every floor in the colleges or schools. The present system is like, a person will be told the
news and he has to update this news on all the notice boards present in the college or school. This will
be seen mostly during the examination seasons.

The time table or the schedule of the exams has to be given to the students. This will be done by writing
the details on the notice boards. But this process consumes a lot time to update the news on all the
notice boards and there may be chances that the person responsible may commit some mistakes or he
may be absent sometimes. So, this may create disturbances and the entire schedule may be disturbed.

Advertisements and notices are very important for any organization to display and sell their products.
You can see many digital advertisement boards in public places like railway stations, bus stations,
airports etc. But with Internet of Things (IoT), there is a great shift in technology and we can also
revolutionize this kind of notice board by making it wireless and controlled from a webserver.

We will make IoT Web Controlled Smart Notice Board using Node-MCU ESP8266 & 32×16 LED
Display. Here We have created a local web server for demonstration, and for displaying the notice we
have used 32×16 LED.

We can avoid the above disadvantages using some different notice board where we can save man
power and papers too. In this project we are using led display connected directly to Arduino board.
The data, to be displayed on the LED display, will be received through Node-MCU module.

v
 INDEX

TITLE PAGE i

CERTIFICATE ii

DECLARATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT v

LIST OF FIGURES 1

LIST OF TABLES 2

1. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Block Diagram 4

2. INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM 5

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 History 7

2.3 Applications 9

2.4 Characteristics 11

2.5 User Interface 11

2.6 Processor in embedded systems 12

2.7 Peripherals 12

3. LITERATURE SURVEY 14

4. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 16

4.1 Working principle 16

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5. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 18

5.1 Node-MCU 18

5.1.1 Specifications 19

5.2 Regulated power supply 21

5.2.1 Operation of regulated power supply 22

5.3 LED 25

5.4 P10 LED Board Display 28

6. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 30

6.1 Express PCB 30

6.2 Arduino IDE 33

6.3 Node-MCU using ardunio IDE 36

7. PROJECT CODE AND SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 43

8. RESULT 48

9. CONCLUSION 49

10. FUTURE SCOPE 50

11. REFERENCES 51

vii
 List of Figures

Sl. No FIGURE NAME Page No.

1.1 Block diagram 4

2.1 Embedded system design 5

2.2 Embedded system hardware 6

2.3 Classification of Embedded system 8

2.4 Real life examples of Embedded system 9

4.1 Flow chart 17

5.1.1 Node-MCU development board 20

5.1.2 Pin out specifications 21

5.2.1 Building block of a regulated dc power supply 21

5.2.2 Components of a regulated dc power supply 22

5.2.1.1 Full wave rectifier bridge 23

5.2.1.3 Result and output waveform 24

5.3.1 Inside a LED 25

5.3.2 Parts of LED 25

5.3.3 Electrical symbol and polarities of LED 26

5.3.4 15V,20A,100W DC power supply 27

5.4.1 P10 Display module description 29

5.4.2 P10 Module pin out 29

6.1 Toolbar necessary for interface 31

1
 List of Tables

Sl. No TABLE NAME Page No.

5.3.5 Specifications of power supply 27

2
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
1.1. INTRODUCTION:
Notice boards play a vital role in offices, in shops and mostly in educational institutions.
The events, occasions or any news, which has to be passed to the students, will be written on
the notice boards present in every floor in the colleges or schools. The present system is like, a
person will be told the news and he has to update this news on all the notice boards present in
the college or school. This will be seen mostly during the examination seasons.

The time table or the schedule of the exams has to be given to the students. This will be
done by writing the details on the notice boards. But this process consumes a lot time to update
the news on all the notice boards and there may be chances that the person responsible may
commit some mistakes or he may be absent sometimes. So, this may create disturbances and
the entire schedule may be disturbed. To avoid all these, Wireless Notice Board have been
designed which completely eliminates the manual work.

Now a day’s so many useful technologies are coming out to make our life style more
comfort, luxurious and secure.

Especially in mobile field so many application are being developed to give us more
information and entertainment. This project is designed with combination of two latest and most
demanding technologies that are Android and Embedded Systems.

Android is a Linux based operating system designed primarily for mobile devices and
it is a open source. There are so many applications are already developed on Android and many
applications are being developed at free of cost for its users.

We can also develop our own customized applications with free of cost or with
minimum cost according to our requirements.

3
 In this project we will create an application to update the message on electronic notice
board. We have to type the message on our android phone and sends to notice boards using this
application then this will be received by controlling section using Wi-Fi communication.

At controlling system side we have Node-MCU ESP8266, micro controller and

electronic notice board. Whenever module receives new message or notice from android
application then it transfers this command to micro controller. Micro controller will update this
new notice on electronic notice board.

1.2. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Power Supply Adaptor

P10 LED
NODEMCU SCROLLING BOARD

Fig 1.1 : Block Diagram

Hardware Components:
• Node-MCU
• Power Supply Adaptor.
• P10 LED Display

Software:
• Arduino IDE
• Embedded C Programming Language.
• Proteus Software.

4
 CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

2.1. INTRODUCTION:

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger,

often with, real-time mechanical or electrical system constraints. It is incorporated as part of a
complete device that often includes hardware and mechanical parts. Integrated systems today
control many commonly used devices. 92% of all microprocessors are produced as embedded
system components.

Fig 2.1: Embedded Systems Design

Examples of typically incorporated computer properties, compared to general-purpose

counterparts, are low power consumption, small size, varying performance and low-cost unit
cost. This is at the expense of limited processing resources, which makes them much harder to

5
program and interact. However, by building intelligence mechanisms at the top of the hardware,
taking advantage of any existing sensors and the existence of a built-in network can best manage
the available network and unit resources. For example, intelligent techniques can be designed
to manage the energy consumption of embedded systems.

Modern embedded systems often incorporate microcontrollers (i.e. CPUs with memory
or peripheral interfaces) but common microprocessors are also commonly used (using external
memory chips and peripheral circuitry interfaces), especially in more complex systems. In any
case, the processor or processors can be used typed ranging from general-purpose specialized
in some kind of calculations, or even designed for the application. A common standard of
dedicated processors is the digital signal processor (DSP).

Fig 2.2 : Embedded System Hardware

Since the integrated system is dedicated to specific tasks, designers can optimize in
order to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase reliability and performance. Some
embedded systems are serially produced, benefiting from economies of scale.

Integrated systems range from portable devices, such as digital clocks and MP3 players,
to large stationary systems such as traffic lights, factory controllers and large complex systems
such as hybrid vehicles, magnetic resonances, and avionics. The complexity varies from low to
6
high, with a single microcontroller chip, with the highest number of units, peripherals, and
networks mounted within a large frame or enclosure.

2.2. HISTORY:

One of the very first recognizably modern embedded systems was the Apollo Guidance
Computer, developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. At the
project's inception, the Apollo guidance computer was considered the riskiest item in the Apollo
project as it employed the then newly developed monolithic integrated circuits to reduce the
size and weight. An early mass-produced embedded system was the Automatics D-17 guidance
computer for the Minuteman missile, released in 1961. When the Minuteman II went into
production in 1966, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer that was the first high-volume
use of integrated circuits.

Since these early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come down in price
and there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and functionality. An
early microprocessor for example, the Intel 4004, was designed for calculators and other small
systems but still required external memory and support chips. In 1978 National Engineering
Manufacturers Association released a "standard" for programmable microcontrollers, including
almost any computer-based controllers, such as single board computers, numerical, and event-
based controllers.

As the cost of microprocessors and microcontrollers fell it became feasible to replace

expensive knob-based analog components such as potentiometers and variable capacitors with
up/down buttons or knobs read out by a microprocessor even in consumer products. By the
early 1980s, memory, input and output system components had been integrated into the same
chip as the processor forming a microcontroller. Microcontrollers find applications where a
general-purpose computer would be too costly.

A comparatively low-cost microcontroller may be programmed to fulfill the same role

as a large number of separate components. Although in this context an embedded system is
usually more complex than a traditional solution, most of the complexity is contained within
the microcontroller itself. Very few additional components may be needed and most of the

7
design effort is in the software. Software prototype and test can be quicker compared with the
design and construction of a new circuit not using an embedded processor.

Embedded System Classification:

Fig 2.3 : Classification of Embedded Systems

Embedded systems are primarily classified into different types based on complexity of
hardware & software and microcontroller (8 or 16 or 32-bit). Thus, based on the performance
of the microcontroller, embedded systems are classified into three types such as:

• Small scale embedded systems

• Medium scale embedded systems

• Sophisticated embedded systems

Further, based on performance and functional requirements of the system embedded system
classified into four types such as:

• Real time embedded systems

• Standalone embedded systems
• Networked embedded systems
8
 • Mobile embedded systems

2.3. APPLICATIONS:

Embedded systems are commonly found in consumer, cooking, industrial, automotive,

medical, commercial and military applications.

Telecommunications systems employ numerous embedded systems from telephone

switches for the network to cell phones at the end user. Computer networking uses
dedicated routers and network bridges to route data.

Fig 2.4 : Real-life examples of Embedded System

Consumer electronics include MP3 players, mobile phones, videogame

consoles, digital cameras, GPS receivers, and printers. Household appliances, such
as microwave ovens, washing machines and dishwashers, include embedded systems to
provide flexibility, efficiency and features. Advanced HVAC systems use
networked thermostats to more accurately and efficiently control temperature that can change
by time of day and season. Home automation uses wired- and wireless-networking that can be
used to control lights, climate, security, audio/visual, surveillance, etc., all of which use
embedded devices for sensing and controlling.
9
 Transportation systems from flight to automobiles increasingly use embedded systems.
New airplanes contain advanced avionics such as inertial guidance systems and GPS receivers
that also have considerable safety requirements. Various electric motors brushless DC
motors, induction motors and DC motors use electric/electronic motor
controllers. Automobiles, electric vehicles, and hybrid vehicles increasingly use embedded
systems to maximize efficiency and reduce pollution. Other automotive safety systems
include anti-lock braking system (ABS), Electronic Stability Control (ESC/ESP), traction
control (TCS) and automatic four-wheel drive.

Medical equipment uses embedded systems for vital signs monitoring, electronic
stethoscopes for amplifying sounds, and various medical imaging (PET, SPECT, CT,
and MRI) for non-invasive internal inspections. Embedded systems within medical equipment
are often powered by industrial computers.

Embedded systems are used in transportation, fire safety, safety and security, medical
applications and life critical systems, as these systems can be isolated from hacking and thus,
be more reliable. For fire safety, the systems can be designed to have greater ability to handle
higher temperatures and continue to operate. In dealing with security, the embedded systems
can be self-sufficient and be able to deal with cut electrical and communication systems.

A new class of miniature wireless devices called motes is networked wireless sensors.
Wireless sensor networking, WSN, makes use of miniaturization made possible by advanced
IC design to couple full wireless subsystems to sophisticated sensors, enabling people and
companies to measure a myriad of things in the physical world and act on this information
through IT monitoring and control systems. These motes are completely self-contained, and
will typically run off a battery source for years before the batteries need to be changed or
charged.

Embedded Wi-Fi modules provide a simple means of wirelessly enabling any device
which communicates via a serial port.

10
2.4. CHARACTERISTICS:

Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-
purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-time performance constraints that
must be met, for reasons such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance
requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs.

Embedded systems are not always standalone devices. Many embedded systems consist
of small parts within a larger device that serves a more general purpose. For example,
the Gibson Robot Guitar features an embedded system for tuning the strings, but the overall
purpose of the Robot Guitar is, of course, to play music. Similarly, an embedded system in
an automobile provides a specific function as a subsystem of the car itself.

The program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to as firmware, and
are stored in read-only memory or flash memory chips. They run with limited computer
hardware resources: little memory, small or non-existent keyboard or screen.

2.5. User Interface:

Embedded systems range from no user interface at all, in systems dedicated only to one
task, to complex graphical user interfaces that resemble modern computer desktop operating
systems. Simple embedded devices use buttons, LEDs, graphic or character LCDs (HD44780
LCD for example) with a simple menu system.

More sophisticated devices which use a graphical screen with touch sensing or screen-
edge buttons provide flexibility while minimizing space used: the meaning of the buttons can
change with the screen, and selection involves the natural behavior of pointing at what is
desired. Handheld systems often have a screen with a "joystick button" for a pointing device.

Some systems provide user interface remotely with the help of a serial (e.g. RS-
232, USB, I²C, etc.) or network (e.g. Ethernet) connection. This approach gives several
advantages: extends the capabilities of embedded system, avoids the cost of a display,
simplifies BSP and allows one to build a rich user interface on the PC. A good example of this

11
is the combination of an embedded web server running on an embedded device (such as an IP
camera) or a network router. The user interface is displayed in a web browser on a PC
connected to the device, therefore needing no software to be installed.

2.6. Processors in embedded systems:

Embedded processors can be broken into two broad categories. Ordinary

microprocessors (μP) use separate integrated circuits for memory and peripherals.
Microcontrollers (μC) have on-chip peripherals, thus reducing power consumption, size and
cost. In contrast to the personal computer market, many different basic CPU architectures are
used, since software is custom-developed for an application and is not a commodity product
installed by the end user. Both Von Neumann as well as various degrees of Harvard
architectures are used. RISC as well as non-RISC processors are found. Word lengths vary
from 4-bit to 64-bits and beyond, although the most typical remain 8/16-bit. Most architecture
comes in a large number of different variants and shapes, many of which are also manufactured
by several different companies.

Numerous microcontrollers have been developed for embedded systems use. General-
purpose microprocessors are also used in embedded systems, but generally require more
support circuitry than microcontrollers.

2.7. Peripherals:

Embedded systems talk with the outside world via peripherals, such as:

• Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, etc.

• Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, SPI, SSC and ESSI (Enhanced
Synchronous Serial Interface)
• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• Multi Media Cards (SD cards, Compact Flash, etc.)
• Networks: Ethernet, Lon Works, etc.
• Fieldbuses: CAN-Bus, LIN-Bus, PROFIBUS, etc.

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• Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units
• Discrete IO: aka General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
• Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC)
• Debugging: JTAG, ISP, ICSP, BDM Port, BITP, and DB9 ports.

13
 CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE SURVEY

Notice boards are one of the widely used ones ranging from primary schools to major
organizations to convey messages at large. If we want to share some information or emergency
alert to people in that case notice board is very effective but for that notice a lot of paper is
being used and which is later wasted by the organizations [1]. The process leads to a lot of
deforestation thus leading to global warming [2]. The elderly system conveying important
message in the notice board needs burdensome number of attempts to transport information if
the school, college, universities and other institutions are distance-separated. Moreover, this
method is defined as the dependable responsibility for myriad staff to deliver the notice system
which is determining as con-versed to the one centralized heading system. Adhering different
notices every day is a troublesome procedure [3].
In order to keep away from a large portion of these disadvantages of this regular
strategy, a great deal of ways to deal with digitize the techniques have just been proposed and
actualized such as Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) screens
spreading over a specific area [4]. A couple of the pre-existing techniques incorporate the
utilization of Global system for Mobile Communication (GSM) network [5] systems with
smaller scale microcontrollers for example ATmega32 [6],
GSM modem [7] with Short Messaging Service (SMS) for notice information [8] and
microcontrollers for example ARM-LPC2148 attached with visual representations [9]. The
structure proposed by Darshankumar C. Dalwadi.et al [10] and Yash Teckchandani.et al [11]
either figure out how to show a solitary notification message at a given time or just fit for sees
which are just textual in nature with a 160-character limit requirement forced by Short
Messaging Service (SMS) technique utilized for notice generation. As referenced in Yash
Teckchandani.et al [12], the technique utilized by Nivetha S. R.et al [13] utilizes a 16x2
character LCD which has a deceivability disservice as the viewers required to close to the screen
so as to peruse the notification data being shown on the screen.

14
 All the above suggested and actualized systems have some pivotal disadvantages or are
not totally attainable in application with regards to genuine execution [14]. In that case, the
implementation of this project can bring enormous change on the environment issues as well as
improving by utilizing technology. To implement this project Node-MCU and an android
application are must require connected via web server [15].
Various types of notice boards are used in various institutes to display notices and these
boards are managed manually [16]. It is a long process to put up notices on the notice board.
This wastes a lot of resources like paper, printer ink, man power and also loss of time [17].
Other notice boards are LED indicator used at railway stations for displaying the information
of arriving trains [18]. But LED’s are currently more expensive and requires heat sinking for
long life [19]. Some other types of notice boards are notice displayed in buses and malls using
LCD screen. These notices are previously feed in the memory of the displaying unit and the
notice cannot be change easily and it is time consuming process [20].
To overcome the limitations of the state of art models, in this project LCD display is
used which is cheaper than LED indicator as well as it saves our valuable time because it can
also be changed anytime when the important message is needed to show in the display [21].

15
 CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.1. Working principle:

Firstly, initializing the Node-MCU as well as webserver and app by supplying power
the display will show an unset IP address. By creating a personal hotspot, the Node-MCU will
receive the established connection and showing an IP address in the display. However, often
using multiple access from different persons from different connection of phones, laptops and
other devices this must be connected to same personal hotspot to show the convey message.
After doing this, there is also an app that is used for making the connection between a Node-
MCU and a phone. After connecting the phone with the following IP address, phone will be
directly connected to the android app. By using this android app, we can write a notice and it
will directly go to the Node-MCU.

In a browser-based Web application, JavaScript instructions are contained within the

Web page that is retrieved from a website. Combined with the HTML code that determines the
visual layout and the CSS style sheet, the HTML, JavaScript and CSS are executed via the
browser. In addition, processing at the server side is often widely performed to access databases
and other networks. The data for a Web application may be stored locally or on the Web, or in
both locations.

Whenever Node-MCU receive a notice, the buzzer will give a beep sound and notice
message will be shown in the display. If there is a problem between connecting an android and
following IP address which means no matching for both IP address showing in the Node-MCU
and the app the message will not be shown in the display. In that case, the procedure must be
restarted to assemble the whole process to work again with principles as well.
16
Fig 4.1 : Flow Chart

17
 CHAPTER 5
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

5.1. Node-MCU:

Node-MCU is an open source IOT platform. It includes firmware which runs on

the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-12
module. The term "Node-MCU" by default refers to the firmware rather than the development
kits. The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. It is based on the eLua project, and built on
the Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open source projects, such as lua-cjson,
and spiffs.

Node-MCU was created shortly after the ESP8266 came out. On December 30,
2013, Express if Systems began production of the ESP8266. The ESP8266 is a Wi-Fi SoC
integrated with a Tensilica Xtensa LX106 core, widely used in IOT applications. Node-MCU
started on 13 Oct 2014, when Hong committed the first file of Node-MCU firmware to GitHub.
Two months later, the project expanded to include an open-hardware platform when developer
Huang R committed the gerber file of an ESP8266 board, named devkit v0.9. Later that month,
Tuan PM ported MQTT client library from Contiki to the ESP8266 SoC platform, and
committed to Node-MCU project, then Node-MCU was able to support the MQTT IOT
protocol, using Lua to access the MQTT broker. Another important update was made on 30 Jan
2015, when Devsaurus ported the u8glib to Node-MCU project, enabling Node-MCU to easily
drive LCD, Screen, OLED, even VGA displays.

In summer 2015 the creators abandoned the firmware project and a group of
independent but dedicated contributors took over. By summer 2016 the Node-MCU included
more than 40 different modules. Due to resource constraints users need to select the modules
relevant for their project and build a firmware tailored to their needs.

18
5.1.1. Specifications:

Node-MCU Dev Board is based on widely explored esp8266 System on Chip from
Express if. It combined features of WIFI access point and station + microcontroller and uses
simple LUA based programming language. ESP8266 Node-MCU offers-

-- Arduino-like hardware IO

-- Event-driven API for network applications

--10 GPIOs D0-D10, PWM functionality, IIC and SPI communication, 1-Wire and ADC A0
etc. all in one board

--Wi-Fi networking (can be uses as access point and/or station, host a webserver), connect to
internet to fetch or upload data.

--excellent few $ system on board for Internet of Things (IOT) projects.

Recently, there has been interest in programming ESP8266 systems using Arduino IDE.
Programming, of ESP8266 using Arduino IDE is not very straight forward, until it is properly
configured. Especially because, the Input and output pins have different mapping on Node-
MCU than those on actual ESP8266 chip.

I had request about showing how to program ESP-12E Node-MCU using Arduino IDE. I
struggled myself earlier in the beginning, so thought of making this Instruct able for beginners.
This is quick guide/tutorial for getting started with Arduino and ESP8266 Node-MCU V2 ESP-
12Ewifi module. (I think, this method can be used for other Node-MCU boards too. (or only
ESP8266 boards, but with necessary hardware modifications and using FTDI modules for
programming- not covered in this tutorial because, this is only for Node-MCU development
boards).

This Instruct able gives quick intro to-

1) Installing Arduino core for ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip in Arduino IDE and Getting started with
sketches written using Latest stable Arduino IDE 1.6.7

2) Run/modify basic LED blink sketch to blink onboard LED and/or externally connected LED
at pin D0 or GPIO-16 as per the pin configuration mentioned here.

19
NOTE- To use Node-MCU V1 or V2 or V3 development boards using Arduino IDE, we do
not need to flash it with firmware using Node-MCU flasher. It is required only if we intend to
program Node-MCU using Lua script with esplorer etc.

First and fore most word of - CAUTION!

* The ESP8266 chip requires 3.3V power supply voltage. It should not be powered with 5 volts
like other Arduino boards.

* Node-MCU ESP-12E development board can be connected to 5Vusing micro-USB connector

or Vin pin available on board.

* The I/O pins of ESP8266 communicate or input/output max 3.3V only. The pins are NOT 5V
tolerant inputs.

Fig 5.1.1 : Node-MCU Development Board

20
 Fig 5.1.2 : Pin Out Specifications

5.2. Regulator Power Supply

A regulated power supply is an embedded circuit; it converts unregulated AC into a
constant DC. With the help of a rectifier it converts AC supply into DC. Its function is to supply
a stable voltage (or less often current), to a circuit or device that must be operated within certain
power supply limits. The output from the regulated power supply may be alternating or
unidirectional, but is nearly always DC.

Fig 5.2.1 : Building Block of a Regulated DC power supply

A regulated DC power supply is also called as a linear power supply; it is an embedded

circuit and consists of various blocks.

The regulated power supply will accept an AC input and give a constant DC output.
Figure below shows the block diagram of a typical regulated DC power supply.

21
 Fig 5.2.2 : Components of a Regulated DC power supply

The basic building blocks of a regulated DC power supply are as follows:

1. A step-down transformer
2. A rectifier
3. A DC filter
4. A regulator

5.2.1. Operation of Regulated Power Supply:

5.2.1.1. Step Down Transformer:
A step down transformer will step down the voltage from the ac mains to the required
voltage level. The turn’s ratio of the transformer is so adjusted such as to obtain the required
voltage value. The output of the transformer is given as an input to the rectifier circuit.

5.2.1.2. Rectification:
Rectifier is an electronic circuit consisting of diodes which carries out the rectification
process. Rectification is the process of converting an alternating voltage or current into
corresponding direct (DC) quantity. The input to a rectifier is ac whereas its output is
unidirectional pulsating DC. Usually a full wave rectifier or a bridge rectifier is used to rectify

22
both the half cycles of the ac supply (full wave rectification). Figure below shows a full wave
bridge rectifier.

Fig 5.2.1.1 : Full wave Rectifier Bridge

A bridge rectifier consists of four p-n junction diodes connected in the above shown
manner. In the positive half cycle of the supply the voltage induced across the secondary of the
electrical transformer i.e. VMN is positive. Therefore point E is positive with respect to F.
Hence, diodes D3 and D2 are reversed biased and diodes D1 and D4 are forward biased. The
diode D3 and D2 will act as open switches (practically there is some voltage drop) and diodes
D1 andD4 will act as closed switches and will start conducting. Hence a rectified waveform
appears at the output of the rectifier as shown in the first figure. When voltage induced in
secondary i.e. VMN is negative than D3 and D2 are forward biased with the other two reversed
biased and a positive voltage appears at the input of the filter.

5.2.1.3. DC Filtration:
The rectified voltage from the rectifier is a pulsating DC voltage having very high ripple
content. But this is not we want, we want a pure ripple free DC waveform. Hence a filter is
used. Different types of filters are used such as capacitor filter, LC filter, Choke input filter, π
type filter. Figure below shows a capacitor filter connected along the output of the rectifier and
the resultant output waveform.

23
 Fig 5.2.1.3 : Resultant Output Waveform
As the instantaneous voltage starts increasing the capacitor charges, it charges till the
waveform reaches its peak value. When the instantaneous value starts reducing the capacitor
starts discharging exponentially and slowly through the load (input of the regulator in this case).
Hence, an almost constant DC value having very less ripple content is obtained.

5.2.1.4. Regulation:

This is the last block in a regulated DC power supply. The output voltage or current will
change or fluctuate when there is change in the input from ac mains or due to change in load
current at the output of the regulated power supply or due to other factors like temperature
changes. This problem can be eliminated by using a regulator. A regulator will maintain the
output constant even when changes at the input or any other changes occur. Transistor series
regulator, Fixed and variable IC regulators or a Zener diode operated in the zener region can be
used depending on their applications. IC’s like 78XX and 79XX are used to obtained fixed
values of voltages at the output.

24
5.3. LED:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LED’s are used as

indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical
electronic component in 1962, early LED’s emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions
are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.
The internal structure and parts of a led are shown in figures 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 respectively.

Fig 5.3.1 : Inside a LED Fig 5.3.2 : Parts of a LED

Working:

The structure of the LED light is completely different than that of the light bulb.
Amazingly, the LED has a simple and strong structure. The light-emitting semiconductor
material is what determines the LED's color. The LED is based on the semiconductor diode.

When a diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with
holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called
electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is
determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. An LED is usually small in area (less than
1 mm2), and integrated optical components are used to shape its radiation pattern and assist in
25
reflection. LED’s present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower
energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and
greater durability and reliability. However, they are relatively expensive and require more
precise current and heat management than traditional light sources. Current LED products for
general lighting are more expensive to buy than fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.
They also enjoy use in applications as diverse as replacements for traditional light sources in
automotive lighting (particularly indicators) and in traffic signals. The compact size of LED’s
has allowed new text and video displays and sensors to be developed, while their high switching
rates are useful in advanced communications technology. The electrical symbol and polarities
of led are shown in fig: 3.4.3.

Fig 5.3.3 : Electrical Symbol & Polarities of LED

LED lights have a variety of advantages over other light sources:

• High-levels of brightness and intensity

• High-efficiency
• Low-voltage and current requirements
• Low radiated heat
• High reliability (resistant to shock and vibration)
• No UV Rays
• Long source life
• Can be easily controlled and programmed
26
Applications of LED fall into three major categories:

• Visual signal application where the light goes more or less directly from the LED to the
human eye, to convey a message or meaning.
• Illumination where LED light is reflected from object to give visual response of these
objects.
• Generate light for measuring and interacting with processes that do not involve the
human visual system.

Fig 5.3.4 : 15V , 20A , 100W DC Power Supply

Output Type DC single output

Protections Overload, Short-circuit, EMI filter for ripple rejection

Output Voltage Fixed, 5V DC

Output Current Maximum 20A

Output Power 0-100W

Input Voltage 110-240V AC

Switching
50-60Hz
frequency

Housing material Metal alloy

Waterproof NO

27
Cooling method Air cooled

LED sign board. P10, P5 based LED sign board display, LED strips,
Applications
RGB LED strips, WS2811S, WS2812B etc.

Testing /
BIS Approved Design Registration Number - R-41062693
Approvals

Weight 530 grams approximately

Table 5.3.5 : Specifications of Power Supply

5.4. P10 LED BOARD DISPLAY:

P10 32x16 (Total 512 LEDs) LED Display module is the easiest way to put together
any size of Outdoor or Indoor LED display sign board. This panel is having total 512 high
brightness red LED's mounted on a high quality plastic housing designed for best display
results. Any number of such panels can be combined in different fashions in order to realize
LED sign board/ Graphics Board of any size.
The P10 LED display module is most suitable for designing outdoor or indoor LED
display advertising boards of any size. The panel is equipped with a total of 512 high-brightness
LEDs on the plastic casing to achieve the best display effect. Any number of such panels can
be combined into any row and column structure to design attractive LED signs.
The 32*16 module size means that there are 32 LEDs in each row and 16 LEDs in each
column. Therefore, there are a total of 512 LEDs in each module unit.

Functions of P10 LED matrix module:

• Brightness: 3500-4500nits
• Maximum power consumption: 20W
• Voltage input: DC 5V
• IP65 waterproof
• 1W pixel configuration
• High viewing angle
• High contrast

28
P10 display module pin description:

Fig 5.4.1 : P10 display module description

● Enable: This pin is used to control the brightness of the LED panel by providing PWM pulses
to it.

● A, B: These are called multiplex selection pins. They use digital inputs to select any
multiplexed row.

● Shift clock (CLK), Store clock (SCLK) and Data: These are conventional shift register control
pins. The shift register 74HC595 is used here.

Fig 5.4.2 : P10 module pinout

29
 CHAPTER 6

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

This project is implemented using following software’s:

• Express PCB – for designing circuit
• PIC C compiler - for compilation part
• Proteus 7 (Embedded C) – for simulation part

6.1. EXPRESS PCB:

Breadboards are great for prototyping equipment as it allows great flexibility to modify
a design when needed; however the final product of a project, ideally should have a neat PCB,
few cables, and survive a shake test. Not only is a proper PCB neater but it is also more durable
as there are no cables which can yank loose.

Express PCB is a software tool to design PCBs specifically for manufacture by the
company Express PCB (no other PCB maker accepts Express PCB files). It is very easy to use,
but it does have several limitations.

It can be likened to more of a toy then a professional CAD program.

It has a poor part library (which we can work around)

It cannot import or export files in different formats

It cannot be used to make prepare boards for DIY production

Express PCB has been used to design many PCBs (some layered and with surface-
mount parts. Print out PCB patterns and use the toner transfer method with an Etch Resistant
Pen to make boards. However, Express PCB does not have a nice print layout. Here is the
procedure to design in Express PCB and clean up the patterns so they print nicely.

30
6.1.1. Preparing Express PCB for First Use:

Express PCB comes with a less then exciting list of parts. So before any project is
started head over to Audio logic and grab the additional parts by morsel, ppl, and tangent, and
extract them into your Express PCB directory. At this point start the program and get ready to
setup the workspace to suit your style.

Click View -> Options. In this menu, setup the units for “mm” or “in” depending on
how you think, and click “see through the top copper layer” at the bottom. The standard color
scheme of red and green is generally used but it is not as pleasing as red and blue.

6.1.2. The Interface:

When a project is first started you will be greeted with a yellow outline. This yellow
outline is the dimension of the PCB. Typically after positioning of parts and traces, move them
to their final position and then crop the PCB to the correct size. However, in designing a board
with a certain size constraint, crop the PCB to the correct size before starting.

Fig: 4.1 show the toolbar in which the each button has the following functions:

Fig 6.1 : Tool bar necessary for the interface

• The select tool: It is fairly obvious what this does. It allows you to move and manipulate
parts. When this tool is selected the top toolbar will show buttons to move traces to the
top / bottom copper layer, and rotate buttons.
• The zoom to selection tool: does just that.
• The place pad: button allows you to place small soldier pads which are useful for board
connections or if a part is not in the part library but the part dimensions are available.
When this tool is selected the top toolbar will give you a large selection of round holes,
square holes and surface mount pads.
31
 • The place component: tool allows you to select a component from the top toolbar and
then by clicking in the workspace places that component in the orientation chosen using
the buttons next to the component list. The components can always be rotated afterwards
with the select tool if the orientation is wrong.
• The place trace: tool allows you to place a solid trace on the board of varying
thicknesses. The top toolbar allows you to select the top or bottom layer to place the
trace on.
• The Insert Corner in trace: button does exactly what it says. When this tool is selected,
clicking on a trace will insert a corner which can be moved to route around components
and other traces.
• The remove a trace button is not very important since the delete key will achieve the
same result.

6.1.3. Design Considerations:

Before starting a project there are several ways to design a PCB and one must
be chosen to suit the project’s needs.

Single sided, or double sided?

When making a PCB you have the option of making a single sided board, or a
double-sided board. Single sided boards are cheaper to produce and easier to etch, but much
harder to design for large projects. If a lot of parts are being used in a small space it may be
difficult to make a single sided board without jumper over traces with a cable. While there’s
technically nothing wrong with this, it should be avoided if the signal travelling over the traces
is sensitive (e.g., audio signals).

A double-sided board is more expensive to produce professionally, more

difficult to etch on a DIY board, but makes the layout of components a lot smaller and easier.
It should be noted that if a trace is running on the top layer, check with the components to
make sure you can get to its pins with a soldering iron. Large capacitors, relays, and similar

32
 parts which don’t have axial leads can NOT have traces on top unless boards are plated
professionally.

When using a double sided board you must consider which traces should be
on what side of the board. Generally, put power traces on the top of the board, jumping only
to the bottom if a part cannot be soldiered onto the top plane (like a relay), and vice- versa.

6.2. ARDUINO IDE:

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application

written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for the Processing programming language and the
Wiring projects. It includes a code editor which is capable of compiling and uploading programs
to the board with a single click. A program or code written for Arduino is called a "sketch”.
Following are the steps involved:
1. Open Arduino IDE as shown below

Arduino programs are written in C or C++. The Arduino IDE comes with a software library
called "Wiring" from the original Wiring project, which makes many common input/output
operations much efficient. Users only need define two functions to make a runnable cyclic
executive program:
33
setup(): a function run once at the start of a program that can initialize settings
loop(): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off
2. Select the COM Port from tools

3. Select the required Arduino board from Tools

34
4. Write the sketch in Arduino IDE

5. Compile and upload the Sketch to Arduino board

35
6.3. Node-MCU Using Arduino Ide:

Node-MCU is Lua based firmware of ESP8266. Generally, ESPlorer IDE is referred for
writing Lua scripts for Node-MCU. It requires to get familiar with ESPlorer IDE and Lua
scripting language.

There is another way of developing Node-MCU with a well-known IDE i.e. Arduino
IDE. We can also develop Node-MCU applications using Arduino development environment.
This makes things easy for Arduino developers than learning new language and IDE for Node-
MCU.

Let’s see about setting up Arduino IDE with Node-MCU.

First Download Arduino IDE (version 1.6+) https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

• Open Arduino IDE and Go to File -> Preference.

36
• Now on Preference window, Enter below link in Additional Boards Manager URLs

http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json

• Now close Preference window and go to Tools -> Board -> Boards Manager

• In Boards Manager window, Type esp in the search box, esp8266 will be listed there below.
Now select latest version of board and click on install.

37
• After installation of the board is complete, open Tools->Board->and select Node-MCU 1.0
(ESP-12E Module).

• Now Your Arduino IDE is ready for Node-MCU

38
Let’s see how to write simple serial print sketch using Arduino IDE for Node-MCU.

First connect Node-MCU Development Kit with PC as shown in below figure.

Fig 6.2 Node-MCU Development Kit with PC

Node-MCU connection with PC

• After setting up Arduino IDE for Node-MCU, open Arduino IDE and write simple sketch
of serial print as shown in below figure.

39
Arduino Sketch:

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600); /* initialise serial communication */

void loop() {

Serial.println("Smart Shopping Cart System");

/* print Electronic Wings at new line per second */

delay(1000);

• Ensure that you have selected the correct board as shown in below figure. Also make sure
that you have selected the appropriate COM port.

40
• Now compile & upload the written sketch directly to the Node-MCU Dev Kit by clicking
on upload button.

• Now Click on Serial Monitor (upper right corner) option to check output on serial monitor
window of Arduino IDE.

41
• Serial monitor output window will pop up with output as shown in below figure.

42
 CHAPTER 7

PROJECT CODE AND SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

PROJECT CODE:

#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>

#include <DMDESP.h>

#include <fonts/ElektronMart6x8.h>

#include <fonts/Mono5x7.h>

//----------------------------------------

#include "PageIndex.h"

const char* ssid = "Act Internet";

const char* password = "Reddy@1988";

ESP8266WebServer server(80);

#define DISPLAYS_WIDE 3

#define DISPLAYS_HIGH 1

DMDESP Disp(DISPLAYS_WIDE, DISPLAYS_HIGH);

char *Text[] = {"Please Send Message for Scrolling"};

String Incoming_Text = "";

void handleRoot() {

server.send(200, "text/html", MAIN_page);

43
}

void handle_Incoming_Text() {

Incoming_Text = server.arg("TextContents");

server.send(200, "text/plane", "");

Process_Incoming_Text();

void Process_Incoming_Text() {

delay(500);

Serial.println("Incoming text : ");

Serial.println(Incoming_Text);

Serial.println();

int str_len = Incoming_Text.length() + 1;

char char_array[str_len];

Incoming_Text.toCharArray(char_array, str_len);

strcpy(Text[0], char_array);

Incoming_Text = "";

void setup() {

Serial.begin(115200);

delay(500);

Disp.start();
44
 Disp.setBrightness(50);

Disp.setFont(Mono5x7);

WiFi.softAP(ssid, password);

Serial.println("");

IPAddress apip = WiFi.softAPIP();

Serial.print("Connect your wifi laptop/mobile phone to this NodeMCU Access Point : ");

Serial.println(ssid);

Serial.print("Visit this IP : ");

Serial.print(apip);

Serial.println(" in your browser.");

server.on("/", handleRoot);

server.on("/setText", handle_Incoming_Text);

server.begin();

Serial.println("HTTP server started");

void loop() {

server.handleClient();

Disp.loop();

Disp.drawText(9, 0, "BREAKING NEWS");

45
 Scrolling_Text(9, 50);

void Scrolling_Text(int y, uint8_t scrolling_speed) {

static uint32_t pM;

static uint32_t x;

int width = Disp.width();

Disp.setFont(Mono5x7);

int fullScroll = Disp.textWidth(Text[0]) + width;

if ((millis() - pM) > scrolling_speed) {

pM = millis();

if (x < fullScroll) {

++x;

} else {

x = 0;

return;

Disp.drawText(width - x, y, Text[0]);

46
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

47
CHAPTER 8

RESULT

48
 CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION

The proposed system accepts the message, stores it, validates and displays it on the LED board.
LED boards are used to display messages in Railway stations, shopping malls for displaying
advertisement, educational institution and organizations, managing traffic in smart cities and
other public utility places. Cost of printing and photocopying is also reduced because the
information can be delivered to a large number of people in a very short time. It provides faster
transfer of information and are easy to install and maintain. It provides an efficient way of
displaying messages on Notice Board and also get auto notifications using Wireless
Technology. It also provides user to easily receive the important information or message.

In this modern era of technology is helping us to reduce human work. The proposed project can
decrease work load and human dependency. It is proposed to design display toolkit which can
be used from an authorized app. The display boards are one of the most important media for
transferring information to the maximum number of end users. With the advancement in
technology the display board systems are migrating from normal hand-written display to digital
display. A user can send a message from any- where in the world. Being user friendly, long
range and speedy mean of conveying information are major characteristics of this system.

Advantages:

➢ Easy to use and reduces man power.

➢ No need to connect notice board to PC to update the message.
➢ Safe and secured.

Applications:

➢ Can be used in all colleges and schools.

➢ Useful for shops, offices for advertising.

49
 CHAPTER 10

FUTURE SCOPE

The display unit can range from LED scrolling displays to LCD monitors. The LED scrolling
displays can be set up at public transport places such as bus stations, railway stations and
airports. They can also be used in offices and similar organizations for sending notices. The
LCD monitors can be setup on school and college campuses for sending out notices. Also, as
an extension to the current message displaying template, multiple messages can be displayed at
a time, by dividing the screen to the required number of parts.

A commercial model can be able to display more than one message at a time.In our project we
are sending messages via WI-FI network and displaying on a LED by utilizing AT-WF
commands. The same principle can be applied to control electrical appliances at a distant
location.

Robots can be controlled in a similar fashion by sending the commands to the robots. These
commands are read by using AT-WF commands and appropriate action is taken. This can be
used for spy robots at distant locations, utilized by the military to monitor movement of enemy
troops.

50
50
 CHAPTER 11

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