The Effectiveness of Rose Petals and Guava Leaves Extract As A Soap

The Effectiveness of Rose (genus Rosa) Flower and Guava (Psidium
guajava) Leaves Extract as a Soap
In partial fulfillment of the requirements in
Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion
Absari, Ann Shaina P.

Acaso, Ma. Theresa P.
Crusio, Theresa Marrie A.
Culanculan, Cynth Claire S.
Erojo, Maila Theresa D.
Jalin, Christian Jieve A.
Montano, Levi Shane C.
Ponte, Maria Joseine C.
Retes, Kyle Maricar J.
Soliva, Ara May Q.
Suizo, Joela Anne J.
STEM F
Mrs. Christie Angel Balansag-Alensub

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion
April 2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES vi
DEDICATION vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT viii
ABSTRACT ix
Page No.
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1
Introduction of the Study 1
Background of the Study 2
Statement of the Problem 3
Objectives 4
Hypotheses 4
Conceptual Framework 4
Significance of the Study 5
Scope and Delimitation 5
Definition of Terms 6
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES 8

Review of Related Literature 8
Rose Petals 8
Guava Leaves 9
Bath Soap 10
PH Level 11
Review of Related Studies 12
Rose Petals 12
Guava Leaves 14
Bath Soap 15
PH Level 16
Synthesis 17
III. METHODOLOGY 18
Research Design 18
Research Environment and Setting 19
iii
Instrumentation and Materials 19
Personal Protective Equipment 23
Ethical Considerations 24
Data Collection 25
Process of Experimentation 25
Data Analysis 27
Waste Management 27
Health and Safety 28
Research Flow Chart 28
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 29
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37

Summary 37
Conclusions 38
Recommendations 39
BIBLIOGRAPHY 40
APPENDIX A 45
APPENDIX B 46
APPENDIX C 47
APPENDIX D 48
APPENDIX E 49
CURRICULUM VITAE 53
iv
LISTOF FIGURES
Figure Page No.

1 Conceptual Paradigm of the Study 4
2 Research Flow Chart 28

3 The pH Scale 30
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page No.
1 Mode Scores of the Respondents’ Satisfaction
Level in terms of Color 31
Level in terms of Scent 32
Level in terms of Texture 32
4 ANOVA Test of the Respondents’ Level of Satisfaction
in terms of Color 34
in terms of Scent 35
in terms of Texture 36
vi
DEDICATION
The research investigation is highly dedicated to the people behind

making the paper itself. Their active participation has brought the completion
of the experimentation. The team effort is magnanimously overwhelming with
the burning desire to create a good research paper despite the odds. Pushing
themselves to their limit is done to graduate as planned.
The researchers would also like to include the respondents who have
participated in their study with their willingness to join in the survey. Even
despite the circumstances everyone is facing right now, they still chose to
help us complete this study.
To the teachers who readily lend a hand to the researchers in doing
this paper, accept their deep appreciation and gratitude for the ideas and
knowledge gained in the process of making this paper.
To the researchers’ parents who have given them unconditional moral
and financial support in the process of completing this study.
We also wanted to dedicate this research, especially to the Crusio
family for allowing us to make use of their home in conducting our study. We,
as researchers, are internally grateful for welcoming us with no hesitations.
Your kindness will always be appreciated within our hearts. In times of the
dreadful pandemic that we are experiencing what you have done is
unbelievably commendable.
Lastly, the authors of this paper dedicate the output heartily to
themselves. All hard work with the sleepless nights spent have come to
fruition. For this, the warmest felicitation goes to the researchers.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Facing this school year was quite anew to everyone. The impact of
COVID- 19 pandemic brought people to a new modal learning which is
studying through online. More so, it was merely a substantial adjustment for
teachers, students, and as well as parents. Thus, the researchers would like
to extend their deepest gratitude to the people behind the unending support
and definitely the willingness of the mentors throughout the making of the
study. Their presence was a factor that made the researchers strong in
pursuing such endeavors for the past couple of months, by facing it squarely.
First and foremost, the researchers would like to thank the Almighty
God for his never-ending blessings and guidance in the process of making
this study. Even though things were uncertain, the researchers know He is
been enlightening their minds to finish what we have started. The researchers
would also like to give warmth thanks to their parents who really understand
the situation when at times during weekends we still spare some time being
online just to make the research investigation. They wish to acknowledge the
support they provided. The researchers would also like to thank the
respondents, who joined the survey and as well as to the friends who
supported them in doing this research.
The researchers would like to extend their gratitude to Mrs. Ann
Badiang, Engr. Norwin P. Sy, and Mrs. Christine Natalie Muñoz for helping
them in understanding the difficult points of this research.
To the group members, the process was somehow difficult since the
researchers cannot meet personally just to how everyone could cope up in
making the research paper in order for them to understand. However, with
patience, trust and communication, everyone had worked hand in hand for us
to create this research study.
Lastly, to their adviser, Mrs. Christine Angel Alensub who had been
there from the very start who really put so much time in sharing her
knowledge in putting the research study in a right direction for the entire
semester. Also, they greatly appreciate her time in addressing their questions
whenever the need arises. Handling it with understanding regardless of the
situation is great example of an adviser who put so much value in her craft.
To that, the researchers are internally grateful for the lessons that she has
given.
viii
ABSTRACT
Organic soap is seen to be not harmful to humans and is a good cleanser for
the skin as it does not contain harmful chemicals that are dangerous for skin
problems. The reason why the researchers considered in producing one with
rose petals and guava leaves extract as its main components. This study was
conducted to investigate the feasibility of rose petals and guava leaves
extract as an organic soap and what ratio and proportion was the most
effective to achieve in terms pH level, color, scent, and texture in making the
soap. The three ratios showed the same results in testing the pH level of the
soap which was bluish in color that means alkaline. The researcher used
mode to determine which satisfaction level was frequently answered in the
survey in terms of color, scent, and texture. There was not much of a
difference with the responses between the three ratios in terms of color and
scent which the respondents responded positively. However, the texture of
the soap in 50:50 and 60:40 ratio had similar results that they had good
satisfaction level compared to the 70:30 ratio. ANOVA Test was used to
show if there are any significant differences or not between the three ratios
based on the parameters. There were no significant differences between the
three ratios since the values were greater than the alpha (0.05) with regards
to color and scent. However, in texture, it showed that there was a significant
difference between the three ratios. Overall, the researchers concluded that in
terms of color and scent, there was no significant difference between the
three ratios. However, in terms of texture, there was a significant difference
between the three ratios and proportion of the rose petals and guava leaves
extract and other components in making the soap as opposed from what was
stated in the hypotheses.
ix
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

This chapter shows the introduction, background of this study,
statement of the problem, objectives, hypotheses, and conceptual framework.
It also includes the significance of the study, scope and delimitation, and
definition of terms.
Introduction
In the local, there are only quite a few organic soaps that are sold in
the market. Since organic soap is not harmful to human beings, this is the
reason why the researchers have put consideration into making soap out of
organic materials. Rose flower and guava leaves extract are chosen by the
researchers because of their availability in the city and it will not be a hard
time looking for the resources needed.
Creating organic soap is also a good cleanser for the skin because it
doesn’t have harmful chemicals that are dangerous for skin problems. The
difference between organic soap to other soap products is that organic soaps
are actually good for your skin and are good for the planet (McCoy, 2009).
Organic soap is created with all-natural, organic plants and essential oils, also
an eco-friendly ingredient since it doesn’t use any chemicals and any artificial
colors that can cause irritation to the skin and to the environment.
Human regular day-to-day existence usually has its own skincare and
hygiene. Tragically, not all of the individuals are using good products and
doing hygiene. People need to cleanse the body since each individual is
exposed to either outdoors or indoors surrounding clouds of dust or other bad
odor that stays to the skin. According to Brannon (2020), using a good
astringent is to ensure that there is no trace of oil and dirt that was left.
Therefore, soap is one of the main products that a person uses for cleansing.
Soap is designed to remove dirt, sweat sebum, and oils from the skin.
In order to proceed with this study, the researchers have set some
objectives to be followed during the whole process of making soap. One is to
determine what the appropriate ratio to make the soap efficient is.
1
Background of the Study
Hygiene is the practice of keeping yourself and including your

surroundings clean to forestall illness or the spread of diseases. Having good
personal hygiene is very important in today's society as it is beneficial to
one’s health and it also provides protection. Caring for one’s body and
washing it regularly by using soap can kill the bacteria on the skin that is
responsible for a bad odor. This field is important because it has lots of
benefits in the body especially for the health, without any proper hygiene a
person can be sick and weak. For that, the field that the researchers have
chosen to study and create soap.
Having bad hygiene has lots of disadvantages in one’s life. Having

bad skin care and hygiene can be destructive to a person’s social life and to
other people. It might lose confidence and gives discomfort to everyone.
Hygiene is a very important part of individuals to keep themselves and the
surroundings clean in order to prevent illness and diseases (Mukhopadhyay,
2010). It can be very unpleasant if a person has a bad odor or bad breath.
Poor hygiene can affect one’s confidence and self-esteem as it triggers the
negative emotions of discomfort, irritability, and anxiety.
Having good hygiene can help a person stay healthy and offers
countless positive benefits for one’s physical, emotional, and psychological
health. Additionally, being clean can help people feel more confident and
comfortable both physically and mentally, it can boost their confidence and
self-esteem and will make them seem more positive and attractive to people.
The researchers have constructed questions that can be answered in
an objective manner. In order to answer the research questions, the
researchers have an experiment to know the feasibility of the product. The
researchers create a soap out of rose flower and guava leaves extract and
select respondents to participate in the study.
Rose is known as a moisturizer to the skin since its natural oils found
2
in roses can help retain moisture in the skin, this results that the skin feeling is
smooth and soft. It is also known as the anti-bacterial since the properties
found in rose can help fighting acne and breakouts, and helps soothe the
irritated skin and reduce its redness. The sugars in rose petals especially
benefit those with sensitive skin that helps heal skin ailments like eczema and
psoriasis (“Time of India”, 2015). In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal
properties and anthocyanins are found in the rose petals (Bahl, Swati,
Chakravarthy, Mutalik, & Devkar, 2016).
Guava leaves extract has a tannin concentration that has an

antibacterial activity versus Escherichia coli, Staphilococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aureginosa, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans (Mailoa,
Mahendradatta, Laga, & Djide, 2014). According to Gonçalves et al. (2008),
essential oils containing cineol, tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids, resin,
eugenol, malic acid, fat, cellulose, chlorophyll, mineral salts, and variety of
other fixed substances are found within the extracts of the guava leaves. The
study discovers that the Psidium guajava L. can be a stimulating source for
antioxidants that can be used for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals
(Gowri & Manjunathan, 2020). The current study discovered that the guava
leaves extract has an efficient component for natural antioxidants (Qian &
Nihorimbere, 2004).
There are already plenty of existing videos and blogs on how to make
organic soaps. However, there has been not much researches on the soaps
themselves. The researchers have decided to investigate the feasibility of the
two components which are the rose flower and the guava leaves extract as a
soap.
Statement of the Problem
This research seeks to determine whether the organic soap with the
use of rose flower and guava leaves extract will be feasible. The aim of this
research study is to answer the following questions:
1. What is the right ratio and proportion of the rose flower and guava
leaves extract in making a soap?
2. What ratio is the most effective among the three ratio and proportion
to achieve the parameters set in making soap in terms of the
following?
A. pH
B. color
C. scent
D. texture
3
Objectives
Listed below are the following objectives that the researchers are
aiming.
 To determine the exact ratio and proportion of the rose flower and
guava leaves extract and other components in making a soap
 To know what is the most effective among the three ratio and
proportion to achieve the parameters set in making soap
Hypotheses
1. There is no significant difference between the three ratio and

proportion of the rose flower and guava leaves extract and other
components in making a soap.
2. There is no significant effect among the three ratio and proportion
in achieving the parameters set in making a soap.
3. There is no significant effect between the rose flower and guava
leaves extract to the pH level, color, scent, and texture.
Conceptual Framework
Inputs Process Output
Rose flower, Gathering, Organic soap out

guava leaves extracting, of rose flower and
extract and other mixing, and guava leaves
components drying of the extract
materials
Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1 shows the generalized
4 flow chart of how the researchers
made the organic soap out of rose flower and guava leaves extract. The
process of making the raw materials into soap includes gathering, extracting,
mixing, and drying of the materials. The result of doing the process is the
organic soap out of the rose flower and guava leaves extract.
Significance of the Study
This study is considered significant to the following beneficiaries:

Teens and Adults
This research study will help teens and adults to know about a good
cleanser for various skin, especially with oily and prone acne skin types. The
good soap component can be suitable to all skin types.
Economy
This study contributes the economy if ever the product will proceed
into business. It is because of paying portion of taxes will boost the
economy’s income for the local governments, to repair, develop, and improve
public services.
Researchers
This research study helps researchers know the good components of
rose petals and guava leaves extract in soap for cleansing both body and
face to the several types of skin problems to teens and adults. Also, it can be
useful for the future researchers in using this study as their reference in
making their research paper related to this topic.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study focuses on the effectiveness of rose petals and guava

leaves extract as an organic soap.
It mainly focuses to investigate5 the feasibility of the two components
which are the rose flower and the guava leaves extract mixed together as a
soap. The making of the soap needs a lot of patience as it entails a long
process. Three ratios are made in order to test whether which of the three is
effective. The ratios are 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 as to which the values in
each ratio are the rose flower and guava leaves extract and other component,
consecutively. Each ratio have undergone three trials to assure the accuracy
of the results. The researchers decided to choose rose flower and guava
leaves because of its availability in the locale. The execution of the
experimentation is done with ease.
Since everyone is experiencing in time of this pandemic, in order to
ensure the researchers’ safety, the study will be conducted in Dipolog City,
Zamboanga del Norte because most of the researchers are residing in the
said location.
Definitions of Terms
To facilitate better understandings about the concepts used in this

study, the following terms are conceptually and operationally defined:
Antibacterial
It is anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or their
ability to reproduce (Medicine Net, 2018).
Anti-inflammatory
It reduces inflammation like redness, swelling, and pain in the body.

Also blocks certain substances in the body that causes inflammation (Web
MD, 2019).
Cold process
It is soap-making process in which melted fats are treated with lye

without further heating (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).
Color
Color is a physical appearance of certain materials. In this study, it is
first to be observed to know if the soap is well produced.
Fragrance
It refers to its smell and if the soap is nose-friendly.

Guava leaves extract
It is also one of the needed materials in order to create the organic

soap. According to Vieira, Rodriques, Gonçalves, De Menezes, Aragão &
Sousa (2001), antioxidants, vitamin C, potassium, antibacterial effects, and
fiber are reportedly found found in guava leaves.
Hygiene
It is any practice or activity that you do to keep things healthy and
clean (Vocabulary Dictionary, 2019).
6
Organic soap
It is a type of soap that does not include any harmful chemicals and it
is just purely organic.
PH level
This is one of the parameters set by the researchers to know the

efficacy of the soap.
Rose
It is one of the raw materials needed in order to create the organic
soap. According to Thring, Hili, & Naughton (2009), rose flower contains high
antioxidants.
Texture
It refers to the outcome of the soap, if it is well measured with its
ingredients.
7
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The aim of this chapter is to review the literature and studies available
on this research study about The Effectiveness of Rose (genus Rosa) Flower,
and Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaves Extract as Soap. This chapter presents
the related literature and studies after thorough and in-depth understandings
which are applicable and useful. This chapter provides information from past
researches and to support and give a strong foundation of the study.
Rose Petals
The Rosa 'Oklahoma', one among the fragrant of hybrid tea rose. It is
a red color. Rose petals and rose hips are edible and utilized in medicines
since the ancient era (States Symbols USA). The petals of the rose are a
valuable source of bioactive compounds and are considered a healthy
valuable resource to be used in such cosmetics. Rose petals of Rosa
'Oklahoma' are characterized by a high content of varied biologically active
compounds, like anthocyanins (glycosides, like cyanidin, pelargonidin, and
peonidin. Rose petals extract are perfect for the skin since it has astringent
and antioxidant properties that helps strengthen the skin cells and regenerate
the skin tissues. It cleans pores and tones the skin. The content of those
compounds is extremely important for health reasons (Cendrowski, Ścibisz,
Kieliszek, Kolniak-Ostek & Mitek, 2017).
The properties that the rose were suitable for skin types that are oily
and prone to acne. According to Van Wyk & Wink (2018), Herbs such as
flowers are often included in skin care products and are usually advertised for
their astringent and antioxidant properties. It can help reduce the redness and
calm the skin and it is perfect for people with oily and acne-prone skin types.
Rose has high polyphenolic 8 contents and to exhibit such high
antioxidants, along with the potential of anti-aging activity inhibition of
collagenase and elastase (Thring, Hili, & Naughton, 2009). Parts of rose wont
to check the antibacterial and antifungal property and that they are highly
active to get rid of toxins from the body and shown positive results to inhibit
the expansion of bacteria (Sadfar & Malik, 2020).
Additionally, Rosa 'Oklahoma' petals turned out to contain notable
antibacterial and antifungal properties. However, the group of compounds
responsible for this behavior could not be described specifically (Oleck, Pecio,
Oleszek, Los, Malm, & Rzymowska, 2013).
Guava Leaves
Guava (Psidium guajava) is a member of the Myrtaceae family. The

Psidium guajava is rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, potassium, and fiber, and
its leaves are one of the most commonly used as an herb tea and also the
leaf extract as a supplement. Guava leaves extract have also reported the
antibacterial effect and found that they inhibit the growth of the
Staphylococcus aureus (Vieira, Rodriques, Gonçalves, De Menezes, Aragão
& Sousa, 2001). It is a good antimicrobial activity (Gnan & Demello, 1999).
Individuals who are prone to acne are most of the problem today, and
blemishes might also be linked to other skin problems like eczema. So the
researchers come up with a soap that has guava extracts to help reduce the
imperfections and skin problems of the people.
According to Qa'dan, Thewaini, Ali, Afifi, Elkhawad & Elkhawad

(2005), The antibacterial activity of guava leaf extract was tested against
acne-developing organisms. The guava leave extracts have beneficial in
treating acne especially to those who are known to have anti-inflammatory
activities. It also helps with lightening the scar since the guava is also a
whitening component. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities have 4 different
parts which are the branch, fruit, leaf, and seed of the guava, extracted with
acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water were tested and resulted that the
guava leaves reached the highest activity of ethanol extract and can help with
whitening the skin (You, Park, Yuk & Lee, 2011).
Acne is a significant adolescent

9 problem. It is normal for an individual
to have acne, but there are several peopl whoe tend to have acne breakouts
because of oily skin. According to Qadan, Thewaini, Ali, Afifi, Elkhawad, &
Matalka (2005), the antimicrobial effect of guava leaf extract is the main
development of acne lesions, Propionibacterium acnes, and other organisms
that have in acne lesions. The antimicrobial and antifungal properties can
help with wounds, skin problems, and soft-tissue infections (Abubakar, 2009).
In addition to this, phenols are from guava leaves that are tested on
human-skin fibroblast cells and it showed antifungal properties
(Suwanmanee, Kitisin, & Luplertlop, (2014). Acetone and methanol extracts
displayed relevant activity against dermatophytes fungi and thus could be
considered as new agents against skin disease (Padrón, Viveros, Oranday, &
Carranza, 2012).
Guavaja leaves have the potential to be a good candidate of its

observed bacterial inhibition. Plant extracts do not have an antibacterial effect
on GBB, and they do not contain active ingredients in the organisms Bacillus
cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, it is imply that guajava has antibacterial
compounds, which can effectively suppress the growth of methanol or ethanol
extracted by the solvent (Biswas, Rogers, McLaughlin, Daniels, & Yadav,
2013).
Bath Soap
Organic soap is safe and better for the skins since it contains natural
ingredients such as plant-based oils, glycerin, and other essential oil. It
doesn't have harsh ingredients that will irritate the skin. Soap is part of our
daily life and becomes an integral part of our lifestyle. Soap is a surfactant is
used for washing, bathing, and other types of cleansing. It is a salt of sodium
or potassium from vegetable or animal fatty acids (Setiadi et al 2018). The
soaps are valuable industrial goods that can be colonized on human skin
types of biofilm to eliminate and neutralize toxic and pathogenic
microorganisms (Antonić, Dordević, Jančíková, & Kushkevych, 2020).
People have different skin types, and majority of them are those who
have combination skin types of oily to acne-prone skin and sensitive skin. An
organic soap that uses natural components help improves the skin and is
loaded with antioxidants. Some soap contains fragrances created with
harmful chemicals that can lead to dry skin and irritation. Different studies
reported that the effect of antimicrobial soaps is not substantially different
from plain soap on the washing process, because there is a possibility that
such microorganisms will be more resistant to the antibiotics used in
antimicrobial soaps. (Antonić, Dordević, Jančíková, & Kushkevych, 2020).
Organic soaps can be a healthier
10 alternative to regular soaps as they
are devoid of such chemicals. Organic soap is suitable for human skin and
also for the environment as well. There are soaps that are plant-based
extract of the rose petal and guava leaves since plant oils and extract have
been utilized for a variety of purposes integrate into food, cosmetics, and
pharmaceutical products that's recognized for the results on skin diseases
and its restoration of cutaneous homeostasis. Thus, it only focuses on the
therapeutic benefits of those plant oils in line with its anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant effects on the skin, the promotion of wound healing, and repair of
the skin barrier (Lin, Zhong, & Santiago, 2017).
PH Level
In chemistry, pH stands for ‘potential Hydrogen’. It describes as a
measurement of the hydrogen ion enthrallment in an aqueous solution.
Specifically, it is scale being used to determine how acidic or alkaline a water-
based solution is. Thus, it only means that a pH of 7 is neutral, and anything
below that level is acidic, and anything that is higher signifies its alkaline
scale. Furthermore, our skin has a delicately acidic part that plays a role as a
barrier to bacteria, viruses, environmental pollutants, and other potential
contaminants. This barrier can be referred to as the acid mantle that has a
thin property in the fine line layer of the skin. It is being said that a healthy
acid mantle is made up of lipids, including ceramides and free fatty acids,
responsible in maintaining the optimal level of healthy bacteria and flora for
skin in order to be balanced and protected. The use of bar soap will result for
short term exposure to the skin either acidic or alkaline material. However, it
does not harm the acid mantle only when exposed to a high product, such as
a lotion or other leave-on product (Twincraft, 2019).
In addition, according to Desk,11L. (2021) it stated that the pH number

alone does not indicate a soaps mildness. The dermatologist notes that the
skin has a pH of roughly 5-4-5.5, which is somewhat acidic in nature. When
using a soap with a higher pH value, the skin’s pH can climb to as high as 8,
causing our skin to lose moisture. As the value grows, the skin becomes drier,
and soap bars on the market have a propensity to raise the pH of the skin.
The doctor notes that when a bar is somewhat acidic, it can protect the skin’s
integrity, which includes “the lipid barrier or the micro bacterial flora of the
skin”. When the skin’s pH is off, it’s more vulnerable to free radicals caused
by pollutants or aberrant microorganisms. Maintaining a regular pH value of
5.3-5.5 is crucial, otherwise the protective anti-aging layer of the skin depletes
and our skin becomes more susceptible to allergies and rashes.
Prior to this, the pH of soap is vital while washing our skin since we
don’t want to strip our skin and leave it red, rough, and tight. This is exactly
what will happen if the pH level is too high, but it must be slightly over neutral
in order to remove the dirt away. Soap is alkaline by definition and necessity.
To make solid bar soap we employ the chemical sodium hydroxide to
rearrange the characteristics of selected oils, resulting in the
salt/water/glycerin product we know as soap. The sodium hydroxide dissolves
the fatty acids or triglycerides in our oil, neutralizes the acid, and leaving us
with a hard bar that is alkaline enough to remove dirt and oils from our skin
(Bath Boutique, 2018).
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
Rose Petals
A significant aspect of Nanotechnology is the production of efficient,

environmentally friendly processes for the synthesis of nanoscale materials.
The inhibitory and bactericidal activity of silver chloride nanoparticles has
been established. The authors record a green synthesis of nanoparticles of
silver chloride with the aid of petal extract Rosa macdub. UV spectroscopy,
TEM and XRD research carried out characteristics of these nanoparticles. In
antibacteria of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcosaureus, MRSA, VRSA and
Pseudomonas strains, silver chloride nanoparticles have also been tested
(Gadale-Dagade, 2014).
Substances with inhibitory effects

12 against gram-positive and gram-
negative bacteria, preventing their growth, are known as antimicrobial agents.
Identified antibacterial agents based on form of action, antibacterial source,
and spectrum range. Rose is member of the Rosaceae family. There are
locally available 100 (n=100) species of roses. Roses are predominantly
native to the Northern Hemisphere's temperate regions. There are a number
of rose colors that enhance the rose's elegance. Most roses in Asia, North
America, and few in Europe can be purchased locally. Many parts of the
rosacea have been used to assess the properties of antibacterial and
antifungal agents and are particularly active in the removal of toxins from the
body. Various rose parts can be used against bacteria separately. Rose
extract can also be used for the treatment of sore throat and for congestion of
the stomach. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds are agents that are
responsible for the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics of rose extract.
The rose petals are powdered and condensed by means of a rotary
evaporator in distilled water. On MHA plates pure cultures have been
swabbed and wells made by the agar well diffusion process using the sterile
borer. 20 (20ul) of the extract was well-added and incubated for 24 hours at
37°C. Inhibition zone was observed next day. Pure cultures were swabbed on
the MHA and amikacin was placed on each disk to compare the behavior of
the rose extract with amikacin. Zones have been observed next day. Whereas
inhibitory effects against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtile, and Klebsiella
pneumoniae were not satisfactory, rose extract showed maximum inhibitory
effects on Staphylococcus aureus. We also found that Vibrio cholera was
susceptible to rose extract while E. coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa were
intermediate in the areas, so we recommend to use Staph aureus, E.coli,
Pseudomonas aureginosa and Vibrio cholera rose extract (Safdar & Malik,
2020).
Water, hexane and ethanol
13 have been extracted from rosa
damascena petals. Chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol were also
presented to the latter. Three fungi and eleven gram-positive, gram-negative
and acid-fast bacteria were tested for Rose Oil and various petal extracts.
Antimicrobial activities were conducted against the studied species by rose oil
and all extracts. Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans
were the decreasing order of antifungal activity with rose oil and various
extracts. The fraction extracted from ethyl acetate against the tested bacteria
was comparatively more successful than the other extracts tested. Gram
positive bacteria were more sensitive that Gram-negatives with MIC and
MbCs ranging between 0.125 and 2 mg/ml and 0.5 and 4 mg/ml. Subtilis,
Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pyogenes were also more sensitive than
Gram-negative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii was relatively more
susceptible than other gram-negative bacteria, which is intrinsically immune
to most antibiotics. In comparison, the less susceptible gram-negative
bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae. The MICs of gram-positive bacteria
were considerably (p 0.05) smaller than those of K in various extracts.
Pneumoniae. - Pneumoniae. In comparison to the gram positives and gram
negative bacteria, Mycobacterum phlei (acid-fast bacterium) was intermediate
in its susceptibility to the extracted fractions. The antibacterial behavior of
aqueous petal extracts indicates a potential application of boiling rose petal
water following distillation of rose oil. Further studies are needed if the active
antimicrobial phytoconstituents of the petals are to be pharmaceutically
isolated and established (Shohayeb, Saleh, Bazaid, & Maghrabi, 2014).
Guava Leaves
The guava leaves were extracted with increasing polarities in four

different solvents (hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water). The efficacy of
these extracts was tested into a well-divided test against these bacteria.
(Biswas, Rogers, McLaughlin, Daniels, & Yadav, 2013).
In tropical and subtropical countries, psidium guajava, an essential
food crop, and medicinal plant is widely used around the world as a food and
in folk medicine. This seeks to include the biological, pharmacological, and
clinical applications of the chemical constituents. Different pharmacological
studies have been conducted in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. The
Phyto-constituents of medicinal significance were also recognized. A number
of good yielding metabolites have been shown to have useful biological
activities that primarily belong to phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, terpenoid
and triterpene. This plant's extracts and metabolites, especially those from
leaves and fruits, have beneficial pharmacological activities. A literature
survey shows that in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery, P. guajava is
primarily known for its antispasmodic and antimicrobial properties. It was also
widely used as a hypoglycaemic agent. The capacity of this plant to exhibit
antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic,
antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, cardioactive, anticough, anti-
diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities has been shown in
several pharmacological studies, supporting its traditional uses. A broad
variety of therapeutic applications can be recommended for the treatment of
infantile rotaviral enteritis, diarrhoea and diabetes (Gutiérrez, Mitchell, & Solis,
2008).
The impacts on phenolic compounds
14 and flavonoids and antioxidant
properties of guava leaves derived from water, ethanol, methanol and varying
concentrations of hydroethanolic solvents. The antioxidant potential was
focused on radical scavenging capacities, reduction of strength, and nitric
oxide- and nitrate scrapping activities of2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical
and 1,2-azinobic acid (3-ethylbenzoline-6-sulphonic acid). The findings
showed a clear correlation to the phenolic content rather than the flavonoid
content of the antioxidant potential of guava leasis extracts. Compared with
pure ethanol and methanol extracts, the phenol compound content of water
extracted from guava leaves was higher. However the phenolic compound
content derived from hydroethanol was higher than water, while the most
efficacious solvent with high antioxidant capabilities was 50 per cent
hydroethanol. (Seo, Lee, Elam, Johnson, Kanh, & Arjmandi, 2014).
Bath Soap
The skin discomfort potential is often compared to exaggerated test

conditions of a body cleaning product as the product is intended for repetitive
and short skin contact at home. The aim of this survey consisted of
establishing the predictivity of patch testing for the clinical, sub-clinical, and
subjective skin effects of products for regular hygienic purification used in the
home by consumers. Two similar groups of 25 healthy females conducted a
double-blind comparative analysis of the daily use of an alkaline soap bar and
a home syndet for 10 consecutive weeks. Clinical visual inspection and
bioengineering steps prior to and every 2 weeks assessed the eventual skin
changes at various anatomical skin sites. The objective measurements were
compared to the dryness, tightness, and product discomfort perceptions of
the subject. There were no major changes at all anatomical skin sites with the
bioengineering measurements, except a minor rise in skin pH with the
conventional soap bar. But there was a pattern that showed the alkaline soap
bar was more an irritant than the syndet bar viewed by the subjects
themselves. The soap bar displayed a much greater annoyance than the
syndrome bar during the soap chamber examination. This research has
shown that dermal discomfort caused by cleansing products in patch tests is
not inherently indicative of irritation that is likely to occur under normal
conditions of use. Finally, the results of the Soap Chamber test and the
customer perception of both cleaning bars could be clearly related (Barel,
Lambrecht, Clarys, Morrison, & Paye, 2001).
Owing to the fact that certain synthetic
15 chemicals have been found to
be detrimental to human health, consumer demand for natural and organic
personal care products has grown steadily. Soaps are general goods for
personal hygiene and general cleaning and can be either natural or synthetic.
As it is formed from natural ingredients like potash obtained from cocoa pod
husk (CPH) and unrefined vegetable oils like palm nut oil, a typical local soap
developed in Ghana is considered a natural soap. The soap has been
reformulated at the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG) by adding
cocoa butter or shea butter to enhance its nourishing effect. The lathering
volume of the soap is between 200-300 ml, the total fat content is between
84-87% and the average pH value is10, suggesting that there is no free
caustic alkali. Locally, there is a strong demand for soap and it is therefore
recommended that both local and foreign markets develop their industry
(Gyedu-Akoto, Yabani, Sefa, & Owusu, 2015).
PH Level
Normal healthy skin has a hydrogen potential (pH) of 5.4-5.9 and a

healthy bacterial flora. The use of soap with a high pH raises the pH of the
skin, resulting in increased dehydration, irritation, and bacterial flora changes.
The pH of the majority of soaps and shampoos o the market is not disclosed.
The goal of this research was to determine the pH of several brands of
bathing soaps and shampoos on the market. Soap and shampoo samples
were obtained from stores in the neighborhood. Before the pH examination,
the samples of various brands are coded. Each sample was converted into a
solution, and the pH was measured with a pH meter. The, the results of the
study had shown that majority of the soaps have a pH within the range of 9-
10. Majority of the shampoos have a pH within the range of 6-7. It was then
concluded that the pH of most soaps and shampoos used by the general
public is outside the range of typical skin and hair pH values. As a result, it is
hoped that before prescribing soap to patients, particularly those with
sensitive or acne-prone skin, proper care will be given to the pH factor, as
well as that manufacturers will consider the pH of soaps and shampoos they
produce, making their products more skin and hair friendly (Evaluation of pH
of Bathing Soaps and Shampoos for Skin and Hair Care, 2014).
According to studies Harris, R.16(2019), the skin immediately begins to
rebuild the acid barrier after washing. Within 15 minutes, roughly a third of the
items had been replaced. The acid mantle is restored in 1-2 hours, depending
on the individual. In other words, pH is irrelevant. There is no medical
justification to use a soap with a low pH level. Remember that the pH scale
runs from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic). An orange has a PH of 3, whereas most
organically manufactured soaps have a pH of 9-10. Water has pH of 7. We
test the soap with a pH meter and keep track of the results on every batch we
create for MadeOn customers.
Furthermore, the impact of cleansing products on the pH, lipid content,

and moisture of the skin in adults has been thoroughly established. There
haven’t been any studies done on newborns or little infants. A study
conducted that aimed to examine whether similar effects can be ascertained
in infants. An open, controlled, and randomized trial was conducted on infants
without skin illness, ranging in age from 2 weeks to 16 months. Ten children
had their skin cleansed with tap water, liquid detergent (pH 5.5), compact
detergent (pH 5.5), or alkaline soap 9control group) (pH 9.5). Before and after
cleansing, the pH, lipid content, and moisture were determined. Parametric
covariance analysis was used to assess the findings statistically. Resulting
that the alkaline soap group exhibited a greater reduction in fat content than
the compact and liquid detergent groups. For compact detergents, the
difference was significant. There were no statistically significant variations in
hydration before and after washing. Therefore, every washing substance,
even ordinary tap water, has an effect on the skin’s surface. The physiological
protective ‘acid mantle’ is irritated by an increase in skin pH, which affects the
makeup of the cutaneous bacterial flora and the activity of enzymes in the top
epidermis, which have an acid pH optimum. The breakdown of fat from the
skin’s surface can affect moisture levels, resulting in a dry and squishy
appearance (Gfatter, R., 19997).
Synthesis
Over the years, many products have been existing in any industry like
hygiene. Different types of hygiene products have been launched to the
market place with different formulas used. Some of them are made with
chemicals. However, only a few are made with less chemical compositions.
In addition, only a small number of studies and researches about
making organic soaps are being published. These are the reasons why the
researchers have considered making a soap. As stated in the review of
related literature and related studies, the chosen independent variables, rose
flower and guava leaves extract, have potential compositions to be made into
a soap that is similar to the ones sold in the market.
There are also literature and 17
studies that can support this research
throughout the whole process.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter overviews the general guidelines of the research
methodology of this study which comprises the research design,
instrumentation and materials, personal protective equipment, data collection,
process of experimentation, waste management, health and safety, and
research flow chart.
Research Design
The use of products such as organic soaps is known to have

properties for healing. Wherein, they tend to have extra properties from its
ingredients like oils, spices, herbal plants, and herb essences. Thus, the
purpose of this study was to determine whether the leaves extract of both
Rose (genus Rosa) Flower and Guava (Psidium guajava) was effective
enough to make as an organic soap. In order to attain this, the researchers
used true experimental design. As stated in Formplus Blog (2020), a true
experiment is a type of experimental research method commonly occurs in
the physical sciences. This design meant to either approve or disprove a
hypothesis that involves the use of statistical analysis. Furthermore, it can be
conducted on at least 2 randomly assigned dependent subjects with or
without a pre-test and can establish cause and effect relationships.
Moreover, the research method
18 used in this study would cover three
primary stages: the experimentation stage, the collection of data, and the
interpretation of the gathered data. For the first part, it involved the process
of making the product and determining the right ratio and proportion for the
leaves extract. The researchers used cluster sampling on selecting the
respondents to participate in the survey to collect data. Cluster sampling was
used since the respondents being selected represents the whole population
as they were being clustered and identified. On the other hand, the
interpretation stage established tests regarding the efficacy of the component
by measuring the given parameters such as pH level, texture, scent, and
color as an organic soap. Prior to that, after the investigation the researchers
made a comparative analysis of the data and accepting or rejecting the
hypothesis was executed in order to come up with a conclusion.
Research Environment and Setting
The gathering of guava leaves extract was conducted by one of the

researcher’s residence. It is because of the availability of the material in their
resident home in Polanco, Zamboanga del Norte. In addition to that, the
researchers bought the rose flower in the local market in Dipolog City.
Furthermore, the researchers conducted the experiment and
production of the soap in Estaka, Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte for the
availability of the tools in one of the researchers’ residence.
Lastly, the testing of the product was also done in the same location
with the experimentation and production to avoid going to different places.
Instrumentation and Materials
The production of the product requires different materials in order to

create an organic soap which ensured the good effects to the skin compared
to the other beauty soaps sold in the market.
Materials
Essential oil – This essential oil has a fragrance that is needed in making the
soap. It was one of the materials used in the production of soap.
19
Guava Leaves – These were extracted and used as one of the main
ingredient in making the soap.
Glycerin – This was used as the soap base of the product in order for it to
completely become a soap.
Rose Flowers – These were one of the main materials to be used in creating
the organic soap.
Water – This was needed in conducting the production of the soap for rinsing
and cleaning the materials and excess residues.
20
Tools
Blender – This was used to transform the rose flower and guava leaves into
smaller bits.
Containers – These were used whenever the materials are in need of

separation or setting aside.
Cloth – This tool were used in straining the smashed rose flower and guava
leaves.
Knife – Glycerin in a bar form, in order for it to be melted easily, the

researchers used knife to cut it in small pieces.
21
Measuring cups – These measuring tools were needed in the experiment in
order to have an accurate measurement of the liquid materials.
Molder – The researchers used molders to properly mold the soap.
Spoon – For proper stirring, spoons were used.

22
Personal Protective Equipment
For the health and safety of the researchers while in the making of the
soap, these equipment has prevented any dangers in the experimentation
process.
Goggles - This was used as a protective eyewear from any smoke,

particulates, chemicals or danger that can affect the eyes.
Hair tie - This was used as a barrier to the head that can prevent any hair to
fall on the melted wax of the soap.
Lab gown or Apron - In the making the soap, the researchers were required to
wear either apron or a lab gown to prevent any direct contact to the materials
used in making the soap.
23
Masks – These were used as a protection to the nose to prevent inhaling the
foul smell produced by the chemical or wax that can cause irritation to the
nose if inhaled directly.
Surgery gloves - This were used as a protection for the hand during the
process of making the soap.
Ethical Considerations
This study presented ethical

24 considerations knowing that the
researchers made a survey in other to collect data that was interpreted and
analyzed to prove the hypotheses made by the researchers. According to
Hitesh Bhasin (2020), ethical consideration is an assortment of standards and
qualities that ought to be followed while doing human undertakings. This is to
ensure that nobody acts unsafe to society or a person. It abstain individuals
and groups from doing foul behavior. The following were the ethics in
research that the researchers had considered. The researchers had given
questionnaires and consent letters to the respondent that was reviewed
thoroughly and checked by the adviser. Right before handing them the survey
forms, the researchers explained the background and methods about the
study. The respondents had a choice to decline in participating the survey.
They can also choose to remain anonymous or not. With the responses
collected, the data input remained between the researchers and the
participant. The researchers assured the respondents to inform them the
results of this study.
Data Collection
The purpose of using rose petals and guava leaves as the raw
materials of the experimentation was that the researchers were aiming to
produce an organic soap. The extract of both guava leaves and rose petals
were said to be a good moisturizer for the skin and has antibacterial
properties. In obtaining the extract of guava leaves and rose petals, grinding it
was necessary.
In order to know the feasibility of the organic soap, different ratios
were set to be tested. In addition to that, different parameters was also be
measured in order to support the feasibility and effectiveness of the different
ratios. The parameters included the pH level, color, texture and scent. In pH
level, three trials were given to each ratio to prove the accuracy of the soap.
The researchers conducted a survey in order for the color, scent, and texture
to be analyzed and interpreted.
Experimenting and testing of the product was conducted in the vicinity

of Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte to avoid going out to different places.
Analysis and interpretation were done after producing the final product. The
results of the experiment were tabulated and calculated. The survey was also
conducted in the said location. The survey was in the form of Likert scale in
order to collect data to analyze and interpret.
Process of Experimentation
Rose Petals and Guava Leaves Extract Soap Production
1. Fresh roses were bought from the market. The petals were
separated from its stem.
2. Fresh guava leaves were picked in the garden. The leaves used
were the leaf buds.
3. The rose petals and guava leaves were washed properly. These
were separately put into a blender to grind it finely.
4. The ground petals and the leaves were scooped out from the
blender and put in containers.
5. Three-fourth cup of ground rose petals and guava leaves were
mixed with a half cup of water separately. Two containers were
readied wherein the ground guava leaves and rose were the extracts
were strained and set aside.
6. The glycerin were cut into small pieces and put into a pot for
melting.
7. The glycerin were melted 25separately according to different ratios
and poured into separate containers.
First Container
50:50 Ratio
1. A hundred milliliters of the melted glycerin was poured into the
beaker.
2. Fifty milliliters of the rose petal and 50 mL guava leaves extract was
put into the melted glycerin to create a mixture.
3. Five milliliters of essential oil was added and mixed properly until
combined.
4. The mixture was poured into a container and was set aside to let it
cool and solidify the soap.
Second Container
60:40 Ratio
1. Eighty milliliters of the melted glycerin soap was poured into the
beaker.
2. The mixture of the rose petal and guava leaves extract was put into
the melted glycerin soap. Sixty milliliters from the rose petal and 60mL
for the guava leaves extract.
combined.
4. The mixture was poured into a container and was set aside to let it
Third Container
70:30 Ratio
1. Sixty milliliters of the melted glycerin soap was poured into the
beaker.
2. Seventy milliliters of the rose petal and another 70mL of the guava
leaves extract was poured into the glycerin to create a mixture.
combined.
4. The mixture was poured into
26a container and was set aside to let it
The study focused on the effectiveness of rose petals and guava
leaves extract as organic soap. Additionally, it focused on investigating the
two component’s feasibility: rose flower and the guava leaves extract as a
soap. The process of making the soap needed a lot of patience as it has a
long process in the making. Since the majority of the researchers are in
Dipolog City, to ensure the researchers safety, the study was conducted in
Dipolog City Zamboanga del Norte.
Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the researchers used different statistical tools.
The tools used were mode and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mode was
used in order to know how frequent the responses of the participants was
achieved. The data were analyzed from the responses in the survey which is
in a Likert scale form. In this way, the researchers had known the satisfaction
level of the respondents on the soap. On the other hand, the researchers
used ANOVA as another statistical tool to know if the three ratios had
difference in terms of the parameters set which were the color, scent, and
texture. If the significant values tabulated were greater than the alpha which is
0.05, there will be no significant difference between the groups. However, if
the alpha is greater than the significant value, the results will be considered
having significant difference.
Waste Management
In the process, the rose petals and guava leaves were ground in the
blender and were wrung in a container with a cloth to strain the extracted oil
cleanly without the solid particles of the petals and leaves. Then, the excess
amount, which was the solid parts, was thrown away in the compost pit. Since
rose petals were nitrogen rich organic material, they would decay after
several days or weeks. Guava leaves on the other hand were rich with
minerals and nutrients that make it ideal to use as an organic soil fertilizer.
Hence, these materials cannot cause any harm to the environment but would
benefit the nature instead. The researchers cannot assure of having no
plastics, but regarding with that, the researchers have minimized using them.
The plastics used were be disposed and recycled properly.
27
Health and Safety
For the protection of the researcher,

27 careful planning and care were
properly done in making the rose and guava leaves extract soap. In order to
ensure the safety of the researchers during the experiment, personal
protective equipment (PPE) were used during the research process such as
lab gown, gloves, mask, goggles and hairnet for safety reasons during the
experiment, the researchers used a process experiment to make the required
experiment that will be used in the study.
Research Flow Chart
Start
Collecting of needed materials
Grinding the rose and guava leaves
Extracting liquids from the rose and guava

leaves
Mixing of ground rose petals, guava leaves,

melted glycerin, and adding some essential oil
Setting aside the mixture to dry
Observing the results
Gathering of data
Figure 2. Research
28 Flow Chart
Chapter IV
Results and Discussion

In this chapter, the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered
and collected by the researchers are discussed. PH level, color, scent, and
texture are the parameters set in order to collect data to be analyzed and
interpreted. Graphs, figures, pictures, and tables are presented in this part.
A. pH Level
PH level is an indicator if a product is either acidic or alkaline. A range

from 0-14 and an indicated color of the scale. The lower number signifies that
the acidity of the product. On the contrary to that, the higher the number
shows how basic a product is (Wills, 2020). According to Anne Marie
Helmenstine, PhD (2019), litmus paper can be utilized as a pH indicator. Blue
litmus does not change tone under alkaline conditions, while red litmus paper
does not change tone under acidic conditions.
The researchers used blue litmus paper from the store in order for the
pH level of the soap to be tested. Three trials have been made in each ratio to
have an accurate results which is shown below. It is uncertain to see colors
red, orange or yellow in testing the pH level of a soap it is because the
property of a lye being an alkali. The soap should be at the scale of 7-10. Aim
for 8-9 for those who have a sensitive skin (Wills, 2020).
50:50 ratio
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
29
60:40 ratio
70:30 ratio
With regards to the pictures shown, there is not much of a difference

in the color of the litmus paper results as how it reacted on the soap. Below is
a pH scale for the basis with the results shown on table 1 to be interpreted
whether the color appeared is acidic or alkaline.
Figure 3. The pH Scale. Tariq Majeed (2019).
The colors in the scale showed how acidic or alkaline a product would
30
be. The colors that appeared on the trials with the use of litmus paper is blue
or bluish. The rose and guava leaves extract soap resulted as an alkaline.
In this study, the researchers selected 20 people from Dipolog City,
aging from 16-30 years old to cooperate in this research. Most of the
respondents were female at the age of 26-30 as what they have written in the
demographic profile of the survey forms. The analysis and interpretation of
the data below were based on the survey that was conducted by the
researchers. The color, scent, and texture of the rose and guava leaves
extract soap were used for the respondents to answer the survey form given
to them.
Presented below were the tables of the mode scores and
interpretations from the response of the respondents during the survey. The
first column showed the different ratios. Following the columns 2, 3, and 4,
which presents the mode scores and interpretation from the statements listed
in the questionnaire.
The legend were shown below for references that showed the
interpretation based in the Likert scale used in the survey for Tables 1 to 3.
1= Highly Dissatisfied/Strongly Disagree

2= Dissatisfied/Disagree
3= Neutral
4= Satisfied/Agree
5= Highly Satisfied/ Strongly Agree
B. Color
Table 1. Mode Scores of the Respondents’ Satisfaction Level in terms of

Color
Mode
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3
50:50 ratio 3 4 3 and 4
60:40 ratio 3 4 3 and 4
70:30 ratio 3 4 2
Table 1 above showed the mode scores of the responses from the
31
survey in terms of the color of the soap. All of the ratios got a mode score of 3
which means neutral as what the respondents had rate the soap in terms of
its color. In statement two, most of the responses for the three ratios was 4
which the participants agreed that the soap had a good color. The
respondents would either neutrally or agree on recommending the soap in
50:50 and 60:40 ratio. However, at 70:30 ratio, the most frequent response
was 2 which was disagree.
C. Scent

Scent
Mode
50:50 ratio 4 4 4
60:40 ratio 4 4 and 5 4

70:30 ratio 5 4 5
In Table 2, the first column which is the 50:50, the mode of the three
statements scored 4, satisfied for statement 1 and the respondents agreed on
statement 2 and 3 that discussed about having a good smell and would they
likely recommend the soap by it. The following ratio is 60:40 which resulted 4
interpreted as satisfied in statement 1. The respondents either agree or
strongly agree on statement 2. The result of statement 3 was 4 which means
that the respondents would likely recommend the soap in terms of its smell.
At 70:30 ratio, the respondents were highly satisfied in rating the smell of the
soap. Many of them also agreed that the soap had a good smell and with that,
the participants strongly agree in recommending the soap.
D. Texture
32
Texture
Mode
50:50 ratio 4 4 4
60:40 ratio 5 5 5
70:30 ratio 1 1 and 2 1
The last parameter was the texture and it was presented in Table 3. At
50:50 ratio, for statements 1, 2, and 3, the mode scores were 4 which means
that the respondents were satisfied and they agreed on the soap having a
good texture. Also, the mode scores at 60:40 ratio were 5, which observed
the highest interpretation, highly satisfied and strongly agree. On the contrary
to that, the lowest mode score appeared in the 70:30 ratio.
The preceding tables below showed the comparison on which ratio is

the best in terms of color, scent, and texture.
The ANOVA test below showed if the three ratios, in terms of the
parameters have a significant difference or not. The first column showed the
representation of the statement in the survey and the last column showed
whether the three ratio have the either have a significant difference or no
difference at all. Generally, the value of significance level or signified as alpha
α is 0.05. If the P-value is less than the α, there is a difference on the groups
being compared. On the contrary to that, if the p-value is greater than the
alpha, it means that there is no difference between the groups at all (Interpret
the key results for One-Way ANOVA, n.d.).
33
Table 4. ANOVA Test of the Respondents’ Level of Satisfaction in terms of
Color
Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square
Between 2.433 2 1.217 1.557 .220

Groups
Statement 1 Within 44.550 57 .782

Groups
Total 46.983 59
Between .933 2 .467 .500 .609

Groups

Groups
Total 54.183 59
Between 2.700 2 1.350 1.216 .304

Groups
Statement 3 Within 63.300 57 1.111

Groups
Total 66.000 59
Table 4 above showed the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the

different ratios of the mixtures of the soap in terms of color. The statements
were labelled as in the rows and the values were illustrated in the columns.
Under the columns showed the sum of squares, degree of freedom F
statistics, and the significant values. The last column was used to compare to
the alpha value to confirm whether the three ratios had a significant difference
or none. All the significant values of the statements, given the consecutive
values .220, .609, and .304, from the survey were greater than the alpha
which is 0.05 which means that the three ratios had no significant difference
in terms of color.
34

Scent

Squares Square
Between 3.333 2 1.667 1.678 .196

Groups

Groups
Total 59.933 59
Between 2.100 2 1.050 1.167 .319

Groups

Groups
Total 53.400 59
Between 6.300 2 3.150 2.910 .063

Groups
Statement 3 Within 61.700 57 1.082

Groups
Total 68.000 59
Table 5 presented the ANOVA test results of the respondents’

satisfaction level in terms of scent. The sum of squares, degree of freedom,
mean squares, F statistics and significant values of the groups were also
shown in the table above. Calculated the responses from the survey, it had
shown that there is no significant difference between the ratios in terms of
scent since the results of the significant values, .196,.319, and .
063,consecutively, of the three statements showed greater value than the
alpha which is 0.05.
35

Texture

Squares Square
Statement 1 Between 93.733 2 46.867 100.998 .000

Groups
Within 26.450 57 .464

Groups
Total 120.183 59

Groups
Within 401.550 57 7.045

Groups
Total 540.850 59

Groups
Within 33.300 57 .584

Groups
Total 128.933 59
The table above showed the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test of the
respondents’ satisfaction level in terms of texture. Shown in the table are the
sum of squares, degree of freedom, mean squares, F statistics, and the
significant values aligned in the columns and the statements were in the rows.
Table 6 revealed that there is a significant difference of the three ratio in
terms of its texture since the significant values shown in the last column, for
the three statements resulted .000 which means that the values were less
than the alpha. With regards to that, it resulted that the three ratios had a
difference in terms of its texture.
36
Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The study’s conclusion and recommendations are summarized in this
chapter. It starts with a rundown of the objectives, goals, and results from the
literature. It also includes a brief discussion presented in accordance with
each research question, as well as the study’s findings. Furthermore, this also
includes a list of recommendations at the end of this section.
Summary
On the findings gathered by the researchers, the following are

concluded:
Based on the gathered and tabulated data, it is proved that rose flower
and guava leaves extract can be an effective source in making an organic
soap. From the projected parameters in this study which are the pH level,
color, scent and texture, the soap itself has showed desirable consistency of
properties as a soap. However, though it surpassed the quality for a standard
soap it is still prohibited for human application since it still needed to undergo
for a series of tests and trials on how it will react to the human skin. The three
different ratio samples show that the respondents are satisfied and agreed
that the extract of rose and guava leaves is effective in terms of the given
parameters, specifically the 60:40 solution.
In terms of pH level, the solution shows not much difference compared
37
to other samples as how the litmus paper reacted on the soap. The color that
appeared on the sample were blue or bluish, thus the soap with rose and
guava leaves extract is alkaline. Secondly, with regards to the rate of color
the respondents’ response is neutral and agreed that the soap has a good
color. Then, in terms of scent the data that has been discussed shows that
the respondents are pleased with their rating of the soap. Resulting for them
to strongly agree that the soap has a pleasant smell, and that they would
recommend the sample based on its fragrance. Lastly, as for the texture all
three statements received the highest mode score of 5, which is the highest.
An interpretation for being extremely pleased with the soap’s rating, strongly
agreeing that it has a good texture, and strongly agreeing to recommend the
soap based on its texture.
Prior to that, the ANOVA test also shows if the three ratio samples, in
terms of the given parameters have a significance difference or not. Since the
p-value, or the value to be compared to the alpha, is greater than 0.05, the
ANOVA test result illustrates that there is no significant difference between
the ratios in regards to color. In the case of scent, the values are greater than
the alpha, indicating that there is no noticeable difference in between the
three ratios. Which means that the researchers should accept the null
hypothesis. However, since the values of the last parameter chosen by the
researchers, the texture of the soap, is less than the alpha, there is a
significant difference between the three groups. Thus, the researchers should
reject the null hypothesis in regards to texture.
Conclusions
The researchers have analyzed and interpreted the results and

concluded the following that there is no significant difference between the
50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 ratio in terms of color and scent of the rose and
guava leaves extract as calculated in the tabulation in the results and
discussion. When it comes to texture, there has been a significant difference
between 70:30 ratio to 50:50 and 60:40 ratios.
The three ratios and proportion have a significant effect in achieving
the parameters set in making a soap as specifically in texture since the
results have differences with the responses of the respondents. In terms of
color and scent, there have been not much of a difference of the results when
analyzed.
The rose flower and guava leaves reacts when mixed together with
the glycerin as it changed in color during the process of making the soap. The
mixture has a leafy fragrance in which the researchers added a small amount
of essential oil to have a presentable smell. The amount of glycerin has a
significant effect on the texture of the soap the consistency and thickness of
the mixture matters as to which it is not harden when it dries.
38
Recommendations
In making the organic soap made out from the rose flower and guava
leaves extract, it was recommended for future researches that:
 The use of lighter-colored oils like coconut oil, palm oil, and sweet
almond oil is highly recommended for the soap to have a desirable
rate of color. Adding food coloring to the mixture can also be done to
have a better color.
 The use of other essential oil is also highly recommended. Regarding
the fragrance it is a vital parameter that is being tested in this study. It
needs a uniform ratio of how much essential oil will be added to attain
the consistency of it. Together with different variation of oils this could
give a much more complex in terms the fragrance itself. A well mix
solution of the essential will meet a better standard in achieving a
satisfiable organic soap.
 The researchers recommend that the study should be run into
different tests by the experts for the soap to be assured that it is safe
for humanitarian usage and for it to be possibly sold in the market.
 To future researchers, they should also replicate other variables for
another research investigation. Considering that there is already a
related study this could serve as a reference to open other
researchers to pursue this type of field. By using the same materials
and resources they just to find the proper equipment’s in conducting
this research for them to achieve a good quality of organic soap.
39
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44
Appendix A
LETTER OF REQUEST TO THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL

ANDRES BONIFACIO COLLEGE
Senior High School
College Park, Dipolog City
Date:
ANGIE V. ATENTA, MAEM

Senior High School Principal
Andres Bonifacio College
Madam:
Greetings!
In partial fulfilment of the requirement in Inquiries, Investigation, and
Immersion, the Grade 12, STEM F students will conduct a research on “The
Effectiveness of Rose (genus Rosa) Flower and Guava (Psidium guajava)
Leaves Extract as a Soap.”
We would like to ask for your permission to allow us to conduct a survey
outside the school premises in relation to our study despite this pandemic to
give unbiased results of our study. We will give questionnaires to 20 random
people to participate in our research. We will assure you that we will always
use face mask and face shield and will properly follow the social distancing
protocol. The participant can choose whether he/she takes home the survey
or will answer it right away after given. The researchers are certain that the
data that will be collected will remain privately towards the researchers and
the respondents and will be only used in the said study to have ethical
considerations.
We are hoping for your positive response to make this study possible!
Thank you and God bless us all.
Sincerely yours,
MAILA THERESA D. EROJO
Research Leader
Noted:
CHRISTIE ANGEL B. ALENSUB

Research Adviser
45 APPENDEX B
LETTER OF REQUEST TO THE RESPONDENTS

ANDRESS BONIFACIO COLLEGE
Senior High School
Date:
Dear Respondents,
Greetings!
The Grade 12, STEM F students of Andres Bonifacio College are conducting
a research entitled “The Effectiveness of Rose (genus Rosa) Flower and
Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaves Extract as a Soap” in partial fulfilment of the
requirement in inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
We would like to ask your permission to be part of our research study. Since
the data that will be collected will be confidential, we will assure you that
everything that will be collected will remain private and only be used in this
research study. We do not have the rights to express it publicly without your
consent.
We are hoping for your positive response to make this study possible! Thank
you and God bless us all.
Sincerely yours,
Researchers
Noted by:
CHRISTIE ANGEL B. ALENSUB
Research Adviser
ANGIE V. ATENTA, MAEM

School Principal
46
APPENDIX C
LIST OF RESEARCHERS:
Absari, Ann Shaina P.

Acaso, Ma. Theresa P.
Crusio, Theresa Marrie A.
Culanculan, Cynth Claire S.
Erojo, Maila Theresa D.
Jalin, Christian Jieve A.
Montano, Levi Shane C.
Ponte, Maria Joseine C.
Retes, Kyle Maricar J.
Soliva, Ara May Q.
Suizo, Joela Anne J.
47
APPENDEX D
CONSENT FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE SURVEY

Senior High School
I volunteer to participate in a research project conducted by the Senior

High School Department of Andres Bonifacio College. I understand that it is
designed to gather data about the research study entitled “The Effectiveness
of Rose (genus Rosa) Flower and Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaves Extract
as a Soap”.
1. I understand that my responses during the survey will be treated
confidentially and will only be used for research purposes.
2. I understand that I may withdraw my data from this study at any time
without having to give an explanation.
3. I am fully aware and understand that participating in this interview of
my own will and I will not be paid for my explanation.
4. I confirm that I have the opportunity to ask question and the
researchers have answered any questions about the study to my
satisfaction.
5. I confirm I have read about this research project and I understand the
content.
By signing this consent form, I am agreeing that I read and I fully

understand the contents of this document and are agreeing to participate and
willing to take part in this study.
Participant’s Name Signature Date

Signed
Researcher’s Name Signature Date

Signed
48 Appendix E
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE PARK, DIPOLOG CITY
Survey Form
The Effectiveness of Rose (genus Rosa) Flower and Guava
(Psidium guajava) Leaves Extract as a Soap
Note: This survey is confidential and any information gathered will stay only
between the researchers and the respondent. Thus, we are looking forward
for your active participation in our survey for our group experimental
investigation. However, you may also not provide any personally identifiable
information if it’s against your will.
I. Demographic Profile
Name: (optional)
Gender: Male Female
Age: 16-20 21-25 26-30
II. Questions
Directions: Put a check mark if you are highly dissatisfied, dissatisfied,
neutral, satisfied, highly satisfied, strongly disagree, disagree, neutral,
agree, and strongly agree.
A. Color 49
50:50 ratio
Questions Highly Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Highly
Dissatisfied Satisfied
How would
you rate the
soap in terms
of color?
Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
Does the soap
have a good
color?
Would you
commend the
soap in terms
of its color?
60:40 ratio
How would
you rate the
soap in terms
of color?
Disagree Agree
Does the soap
have a good
color?
Would you
commend the
soap in terms
of its color?
70:30 ratio
How would
you rate the
soap in terms
of color?
Disagree Agree
Does the soap
have a good
color?
Would you
commend the
soap in terms
of its color?
50
B. Scent
50:50 ratio
How would
you rate the
soap in terms
of scent?
Disagree Agree
Does the soap
have a good
scent?
Would you
commend the
soap in terms
of its scent?
60:40 ratio
How would
you rate the
soap in terms
of scent?
Disagree Agree
Does the soap
have a good
scent?
Would you
commend the
soap in terms
of its scent?
70:30 ratio 51
How would
you rate the
soap in terms
of scent?
Disagree Agree
Does the soap
have a good
scent?
Would you
commend the
soap in terms
of its scent?
C. Texture
50:50 ratio
How would
you rate the
soap in terms
of texture?
Disagree Agree
Does the soap
have a good
texture?
Would you
commend the
soap in terms
of its texture?
60:40 ratio
How would
you rate the
soap in terms
of texture?
Disagree Agree
Does the soap
have a good
texture?
Would you
commend the
soap in terms
of its texture?
70:30 ratio 52
How would
you rate the
soap in terms
of texture?
Disagree Agree
Does the soap
have a good
texture?
Would you
commend the
soap in terms
of its texture?
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Ann Shaina Panganoron Absari
Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female
Address: Purok San Roque, Brgy. Sicayab,

Dipolog City
Contact Number: 0945 776 1036

Place of Birth: Dipolog City
Birthday: May 26, 2002

Religion: Islam
Father’s Name: Julmakin Abubakar Absari

Mother’s Name: Radzmina Panganoron Absari
Sibling/s: Abdussakur Panganoron Absari

Pre-school: Rose Kindergarten Inc.
Elementary School: Estaka Central School

Junior High School: Andres Bonifacio College
Strand: Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM)

53
Name: Ma. Theresa Palijado Acaso
Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female
Address: Sinaman, Dipolog City

Date of Birth: October 18, 2002

Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father's Name: Manuel Ballares Acaso

Mother's Name: Juana Palijado Acaso
Sibling/s: Jomalyn Palijado Acaso

Mary Grace Palijado Acaso
Nemuel Palijado Acaso
Shiela Palijado Acaso
Pre-school: Sinaman Day Care Center

Elementary: Sinaman Intergrated School
Junior High School: Punta National High School

Senior High School: Andres Bonifacio College

54
Name: Theresa Marrie Acas Crusio
Age: 19 years old

Sex: Female
Address: 902 Capitol Avenue, Estaka,

Dipolog City

Date of Birth: January 30, 2002

Nationality: Filipino

Father’s Name: Romeo Arias Crusio
Mother’s Name: Maria Regie Acas Crusio

Sibling/s: Joseff Brian Acas Crusio
Niña Marrie Acas Crusio

Abbygail Marrie A. Crusio
Pre-School: Dipolog City Sacred Heart

Elementary: Estaka Dipolog City
Junior High School: Katipunan National High School

Senior High School: Andres Bonifacio Colleges

55
Name: Cynth Claire Subido Culanculan
Age: 17 years old

Sex: Female
Address: Gulayon, Dipolog City,

Zamboanga del Norte

Date of Birth: September 27, 2003

Religion: Iglesia ni Cristo
Father's Name: Cyrus Abulon Culanculan

Mother's Name: Carlodencia Subido Culanculan
Sibling/s: Cyrus Clyde Subido Culanculan

Cheezyl Carle Subido Culanculan
Pre-School: Don Alfonso Claros Pre-School

Elementary: Manukan West Central School
Junior High School: Galas National High School


56
Name: Maila Theresa Duterte Erojo
Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female
Address: La Roche, Sindangan,

Zamboanga del Norte

Place of Birth: Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte
Date of Birth: November 12, 2002

Father’s Name: Gals Bronson Villagracia Erojo

Mother’s Name: Ellen Rose Duterte Erojo
Sibling/s: None
Pre-school: Sindangan Pilot Demonstration School
Elementary School: Sindangan Pilot Demonstration School (SPED)

Junior High School: Sindangan National High School
57
Name: Christian Jieve Binarao Jalin
Age: 19 years old

Sex: Male
Address: Laoy Olingan Relocation Site,

Dipolog City
Contact Number: None

Date of Birth: November 24, 2001

Father’s Name: Benjamin Juancho Aniag

Mother’s Name: Evelyn Binarao Jalin
Sibling/s: Javeson Binarao Jalin

Jielyn Binarao Jalin
Jasmine Binarao Jalin

Pre-school: Sta. Cruz
Elementary School: Miputak Central School


58
Name: Levi Shane Calasang Montano
Age: 18 years old

Sex: Male
Address: Banonong, Dap-Dap, Dapitan City

Place of Birth: Dapitan City

Date of Birth: May 13, 2002

Father's Name: Rudney Pacatang Montano
Mother's Name: Lota Calasang Montano

Sibling/s: None
Pre-School: Dapitan City Alliance Church

Elementary: Dapitan City Central School (SPED)
Junior High School: Dapitan City National High School

Strand: Science Technology Engineering mathematics (STEM)
59
Name: Joseine Cula Ponte
Age: 20 years old

Sex: Female
Address: Sangkol, Dipolog City

Contact Number: 09977661157

Date of Birth: July 13, 2000
Religion: Bible Baptist

Father's Name: Allan Regañon Ponte
Mother's Name: Maria Ninfa Cula Ponte

Sibling/s: Lea Violet Ponte-Elorta
Reani Alana C. Ponte

Aljoza Dial C. Ponte
Allan Caerlou C. Ponte

Allan Aeroule C. Ponte
Allan Huimund C. Ponte

Pre-School: Sangkol Day Care Center
Elementary: Juan Butler L. James Memorial School


Strand: Science Technology Engineering Mathematics
60
Name: Kyle Maricar Julian Retes
Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female
Address: Olingan, Dipolog City, Zamboanga del

Norte

Place of Birth: Olingan, Dipolog City
Date of Birth: June 12, 2002

Father's Name: Carlo Bala Retes

Mother's Name: Maribeth Julian Retes
Sibling/s: Kate Carla Julian Retes

Caryl Xyra Julian Retes
Maxine Chloe Julian Retes

Pre-School: Arc of Angel
Elementary: Olingan Elementary School

Junior High School: Alberto Q. Ubay Memorial Agrotech Science High
School
Strand: Science Technology Engineering mathematics (STEM)
61
Name: Ara May Quezon Soliva
Age: 17 years old

Sex: Female
Address: Victoria Country Homes, Obay Polanco,

Zamboanga Del Norte

Date of Birth: May 27, 2003

Father’s Name: Arnold Salaveria Soliva

Mother’s Name: Marlyn Quezon Soliva
Sibling/s: Mark Arnold Quezon Soliva

Alyssa Marie Quezon Soliva
Pre-school: Arc of Angel School

Elementary School: Miputak East Central School
Junior High School: Andres Bonifacio College

62
Name: Joela Anne Jumawan Suizo
Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female
Address: Poblacion South, Polanco,

Zamboanga del Norte

Place of Birth: RHU Polanco
Date of Birth: April 16, 2003

Religion: Born -Again Christian
Father's Name: Joel S. Suizo

Mother's Name: Susan J. Suizo
Siblings: Jezanne J. Suizo

Joe Anne J. Suizo
Justine Jay J. Suizo

Janna Marie J. Suizo
Pre-school: Dap-dap Daycare Center

Elementary: Polanco Central School
Junior High School: Polanco National High School

Strand: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
63

The Effectiveness of Rose Petals and Guava Leaves Extract As A Soap

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The Effectiveness of Rose Petals and Guava Leaves Extract As A Soap

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The Effectiveness of Rose (genus Rosa) Flower and Guava (Psidium

guajava) Leaves Extract as a Soap

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion

Absari, Ann Shaina P.

Mrs. Christie Angel Balansag-Alensub

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES 8

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 29

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37

Figure Page No.

2 Research Flow Chart 28

The research investigation is highly dedicated to the people behind

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Hygiene is the practice of keeping yourself and including your

Having bad hygiene has lots of disadvantages in one’s life. Having

Guava leaves extract has a tannin concentration that has an

Statement of the Problem

1. There is no significant difference between the three ratio and

Inputs Process Output

Rose flower, Gathering, Organic soap out

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Significance of the Study

This study is considered significant to the following beneficiaries:

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study focuses on the effectiveness of rose petals and guava

To facilitate better understandings about the concepts used in this

It reduces inflammation like redness, swelling, and pain in the body.

It is soap-making process in which melted fats are treated with lye

It refers to its smell and if the soap is nose-friendly.

It is also one of the needed materials in order to create the organic

This is one of the parameters set by the researchers to know the

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Guava (Psidium guajava) is a member of the Myrtaceae family. The

According to Qa'dan, Thewaini, Ali, Afifi, Elkhawad & Elkhawad

Acne is a significant adolescent

Guavaja leaves have the potential to be a good candidate of its

In addition, according to Desk,11L. (2021) it stated that the pH number

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

A significant aspect of Nanotechnology is the production of efficient,

Substances with inhibitory effects

The guava leaves were extracted with increasing polarities in four

The skin discomfort potential is often compared to exaggerated test

Normal healthy skin has a hydrogen potential (pH) of 5.4-5.9 and a

Furthermore, the impact of cleansing products on the pH, lipid content,

The use of products such as organic soaps is known to have

The gathering of guava leaves extract was conducted by one of the

Instrumentation and Materials

The production of the product requires different materials in order to

Containers – These were used whenever the materials are in need of

Knife – Glycerin in a bar form, in order for it to be melted easily, the

Molder – The researchers used molders to properly mold the soap.

Spoon – For proper stirring, spoons were used.

Goggles - This was used as a protective eyewear from any smoke,

This study presented ethical

Experimenting and testing of the product was conducted in the vicinity

For the protection of the researcher,

Research Flow Chart