DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Movable jib crane is a small lifting, and material handling

equipment used in engineering workshops as well as in godowns and ware
houses. Jib crane can be used for lifting of different types of material in the
segments where frequent lifting and handling of material activity is required the
purpose of these devices is simply to help workers move object weighing from
50kg to 500 kg from one point to another. Jib crane have three degrees of
freedom. They are vertical, radial, and rotary. However they cannot reach into
corners. They are usually used where activity is localized. Lifting capacity of
such cranes may vary from 0.5 ton to 200ton and outreach from a few meters to
50 meters. Such cranes find various applications in port area, construction site
and other outdoor works. For handling general cargo, lifting capacities usually
1.5 ton to 5 ton with maximum out reach of 30 meter. Jib crane provided with
grabbing facilities have usually a capacity ranging from 3 ton operating 50 to
100 cycles per hour. Lifting heights may be 30 meter or more. Jib cranes used
in ship yards for lifting heavy machinery equipment, weighing 100 to 300 tons,
are usually mounted on pontoons. Frequently, these cranes are provided with
two main hoisting winches which can be employed singly or together to lift a
load. For handling light loads may hand auxiliary arrangement localized, such
as in machine shops. Column mounted jib cranes are commonly used in
packaging industry. These cranes are used for hoisting up to 1 ton loads.
Because of low cost and versatile use, there is a very good application for the
jib crane. The design and fabrication of this movable jib crane uses application
of mechanics of solids, manufacturing technology and various subjects of
mechanical engineering

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Jib Cranes are industrial machines which mostly uses for materials
movements in construction of buildings, production halls, assembly lines,
storage areas, and power plants. The design features of jib crane vary widely
according to their major operational and manufacturing specifications such as:
crane structure according to motion, weight and type of the load, crane location,
geometric features, and environmental conditions. However, a review of the
available literature tells that technical design of jib cranes are highly saturated
and standardized in many industrial companies and organizations independent
of the jib crane type.
Consideration of the available technology that is mainly based on
the accumulated previous experience is important for better performance,
higher safety and more reliable designs. It is well known that generic features of
jib crane components are similar for various different types of cranes. Since the
jib crane design procedures are highly standardized with these components,
main effort and time spent in jib crane design projects are mostly for
interpretation and implementation of the available design. In the initial stage the
project overview and scope of project is analyzed. Further on the literature
based on the current design is reviewed.

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

CHAPTER 3
TYPES OF JIB CRANES

Jib crane consists of an inclined member supported by a rope or any

other type of structural member attached to a vertical mast or frame. Load is
usually suspended from the outer end of this inclined mast. The outreach of the
jib may be fixed or variable. The cranes as a whole may be either, fixed or
moveable. Various sub-classifications of these cranes are possible.

Lifting capacity of such cranes may vary from 1/2 ton to 200 ton and
outreach from a few meter to 50 meter. Such cranes find various applications in
port area, construction site, and other outdoor works.

For handling general cargo, lifting capacities are usually 1.5 ton to 5 ton
with maximum outreach of 30 meter. Jib Cranes provided with grabbing
facilities have usually a capacity ranging from 3 to 20 tons operating 50 to 100
cycles per hour. Lifting heights may be 30 meters or more.

Jib crane used in ship yards for lifting heavy machinery and equipment,
weighing 100 to 300 tons, are usually mounted on pontoons. Frequently these
cranes are provided with two main hoisting winches which can be employed
singly or together to lift a load. For handling light loads these cranes may have
auxiliary arrangement.

Depending on the use, jib cranes are classified into a number of varieties,
primarily on the basis of their mountings. These are:

1. Hand Operated Scotch Derrick Type

2. Wall Mounted Jib crane
3. Portal / Semi-portal cranes of different varieties-Wharf cranes
4. Mobile jib cranes consisting of truck mounted and crawler mounted cranes

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

1 Scotch Derrick Type / Wall Cranes:

Figure 1: scotch derrick type crane

Wall cranes are used in ware houses for handling light weight
and when there is little or no wharf between them and the water front. Slewing
or rotational motion of the crane is possible within restricted angle and the
motion is slow. Hoisting and lifting speeds are comparable to those of wharf
cranes. In some modified version these cranes can have travelling speed along
the wall.

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

3.2Wharf Cranes:

Figure 3.2: small model of Wall Crane

These are used in shipyard and port for handling unit and bulk load.
These are usually self-propelled balanced level luffing type with full circle
slewing motion facility. Wharf cranes may be of different types, depending on
the type of structure on which it is mounted. The choice of structure for
mounting depends on site condition

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

3. Portal / Semi-portal cranes of different varieties-Wharf cranes

Figure3.3: Wharf Cranes

Portal crane is a fixed or revolving type jib crane mounted on a portal

frame fixed in location or arranged to travel along a fixed track of rails at the
same level. The portal frame consists essentially of horizontal girders connected
at both ends to vertical or inclined member’s having equal lengths.
The principal types of wharf cranes are:
 High pedestal
 Full Portal
 Semi-portal

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

3.4 Semi portal Crane:

Figure3.4: Semi portal Crane

Semi portal crane is a fixed or revolving type jib crane mounted on

a semi portal frame fixed in location or arranged to travel along a fixed track or
rails at different levels. The semi portal frame essentially consists of horizontal
girders connected at both ends to vertical or inclined members which constitute
a shorter side and a longer side. The shorter members may consist only of the
trolley running along the elevated rail.

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

3.5 Mobile crane:

Mobile Crane ( Power Driven ) includes all type of travelling jib cranes, such as
truck mounted, crawler mounted, locomotive crane on rails.

Figure3.5: hydraulic Mobile crane

Figure3.6: Truck mounted heavy duty crane

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

CHAPTER 4
TYPES OF MOTIONS OF JIB CRANE

Jib crane have the following motions:

1. Hoisting motion
2. Derricking or luffing motion
3. Slewing motion
4. Long travel motion

4.1 Hoisting motion:

It is used to lift or lower the load. This is usually achieved by steel

wire ropes being affixed to a crane hook or a grab hanging from the outer end
of the jib.

Figure4.1: Hoist of the crane

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

4.2 Derricking or Luffing motion:

It is imparted to the inclined member or the jib to move in a vertical

plane so that the angle of the jib may be changed in order to bring the load line
nearer to or further off from the centre of the crane.

Figure4.2: Luffing motion of the crane

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

4.3 Slewing motion:

It is imparted to the whole super structure of the crane including the

jib, so that it can turn about a central pivot shaft w.r.t. the non-revolving parts.
This motion enables the crane to shift the load line to revolve round the crane.

Figure4.3: Slewing motion of the crane

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

4.4 Long Travel Motion:

It may be required when the whole crane structure has to be shifted to

a distant place along a rail track or along a road.

Figure4.4: Long Travel Motion of the crane

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

CHAPTER 5
OBJECTIVES

The objective of this project is categorized in to general and specific

objectives. General objectives The general objective of the research project is to
design and produce portable and moveable lifting crane to lift heavy loads that
is beyond the capacity of human being applying only small force in the
production machine shop. Specific objectives The details of the objectives of
the research project are listed as follows;

• To design analytically the portable lifting machine lift slightly heavy objects
that can’t be carried by single worker
• To minimize cost expenditure for fuel that is made for operating fork lift in
transporting every component in the production shop
• Specifically in bus production factory to minimizes wastage of time due to
each station should wait for a single crane for lifting
• To minimize risk of life and property
• To produce the working prototype of portable, moveable crane for the
production shop
• To determine the overall cost of the crane production
• Finally, to documentation of the research project

CHAPTER 6
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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

MATERIALS USED FOR MANUFACTURING

SERIAL NO. COMPONENT MATERIAL SELECTED

1 BASE MILD STEEL

2 MAST MILD STEEL

3 BOOM MILD STEEL

4 LOAD HIGH CARBON STEEL

LOCKING
5 HOOK HIGH CARBON STEEL

6 WHEELS FIBRE

7 ROPE STEEL

MILD STEEL
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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOVABLE JIB CRANE 2020-21

Due to its excellent properties, mild steel has become an in-demand

material in various industries. It has unparalleled weld ability and machine
ability, which has led to an exponential increase in its usage

 High tensile strength.

 High impact strength.
 Good ductility and weld ability.
 A magnetic metal due to its ferrite content.
 Good malleability with cold-forming possibilities.

HIGH CARBON STEEL OR CAST IRON

High carbon steel properties include a very high strength, extreme
hardness and resistance to wear, and moderate ductility, a measure of a
material's ability to tolerate being deformed without actually breaking.

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Dept of Mechanical Engineering GECK