INTRODUCTION

TITLE
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

SUBMITTED BY
KSHITIJ KATIYAR
ROLL NO. 40 CLASS: B.COM. LLB. (HONS)
SEMESTER: 3
OF
FACULTY OF LAW
DR. SHAKUNTALA MISRA NATIONAL REHABILATION
UNIVESITY
IN
OCTOBER, 2019

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

MRS.MALINI ARAGAL
OF
LAW FACULTY
DR. SHAKUNTALA MISRA NATIONAL REHABILATION
UNIVESITY

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 ANNEXURE

1.INTRODUCTION

2.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3.INDEX

4.CONTENT

5.BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my teacher

MRS. MALINI ARAGAL who gave the golden opportunity to do
this wonderful project on the topic NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION, which also helped me in doing lots of
research about the topic due to which, I came across various new
aspects about the topic. I am very much thankful to her.
Secondly I want to thank my parents and my friends who supported
me a lot and helped me in completing this assignment within limited
time frame.

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 INDEX
SR. NUMBER PARTICULSRS PAGE
NUMBER

1 NON-VERBAL 5
COMMUNICATION

2 KINESICS 5-8

3 HAPTICS AND PROXEMICS 8

4 PARALANGUAGE , SIGN 9-10

LANGUAGE AND
CHRONEMICS

5 ADVANTAGES 10-11

6 DISADVANTAGES 11

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 12

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 NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Nonverbal communication is the process of sending and receiving messages
without using words, either spoken or written. Also called manual language.
Similar to the way that emphasizes written language, nonverbal behaviour may
emphasize parts of a verbal message.
“The most important thing in communication is to listen what isn’t said.”
By Peter F.
Drucker
The adage “action speak louder than words” is true in of nonverbal
communication.

EXTENT OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

55% of facial expression, body postures, gestures
7% of words
38% of tone voice and inflection
According to ALBERT MEHRABIAN 93% of overall impact of message is
created through nonverbal communication and only 7% is conveyed through
words.

Types of Nonverbal Communication

α Kinesics {body language}
α Haptics {touch}
α Proxemics {space distancing}
α Paralanguage
α Sign language
α Chronemics

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1 Kinesics
Kinesics communication is communicating by body movement and is perhaps
the most well-known non-verbal form of communication, although it is not
the only way to talk with others without words. Kinesics is of following
types:-

Body posture
The way that the body is held can communicate many different messages. An
open body that takes up a lot of space can indicate comfort and domination,
whilst a closed-in body that makes itself small can signal inferiority. Copying
of the other person's body shows agreement, trust and liking. A correct
posture makes an appealing statement and shows positive attitude.
A posture is indicative of
interpersonal relationship between
people. An upright, erect posture
reflects increased level of
confidence, determination. A
leaning or stooping posture shows
signal of low level of confidence,
nervousness and lack of
conviction. Any kind of body cross
gives a message of defensiveness.

Facial expression
When we communicate with others, we look mostly at their face. This is not a
coincidence as many signals are sent with the 90-odd muscles in the face. The
way the head tilts also changes the messages. The eyes are particularly
important, and when communicating we first seek to make eye contact. We
then break and re-establish contact many times during the discussion.
Eyebrows and forehead also add significant signals, from surprise to fear to
anger. The mouth, when not talking can be pursed, downturned or turned up
in a smile. Facial
expressions, more than
anything, serve as a
practical means of
communication. With all the
various muscles that

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precisely control mouth, lips, eyes, nose, forehead, and jaw, human faces are
estimated to be capable of more than ten thousand different expressions. This
versatility makes non-verbal’s of the face extremely efficient and honest,
unless deliberately manipulated. In addition, many of these emotions,
including happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, shame, anguish
and interest are universally recognized

Gestures
Gestures may be made with the hands, arms or
body, and also include movements of the head, face
and eyes, such as winking, nodding, or rolling one's
eyes. Although the study of gesture is still in its
infancy, some broad categories of gestures have
been identified by researchers. The most familiar
are the so-called emblems or quotable gestures.
These are conventional, culture-specific gestures
that can be used as replacement for words, such as
the hand wave used in western cultures for "hello"
and "goodbye”. Gestures vary widely across
cultures in how they are used and what they mean.
A common example is pointing. In the United
States, pointing is the gesture of a finger or hand to
indicate or "come here please" when beckoning a dog. But pointing with one
finger is also considered to be rude by some cultures.

EYE CONTACT
Eye contact is the instance when two people look at each other's eyes at the
same time; it is the primary nonverbal way of indicating engagement, interest,
attention and involvement. Some studies have demonstrated that people use
their eyes to indicate interest. This includes
frequently recognized actions of winking and
movements of the eyebrows. Disinterest is
highly noticeable when little or no eye contact
is made in a social setting. When an individual
is interested, however, the pupils will dilate. It
tells about whether a person is interested in talk
or not.

Clothing

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Clothing is one of the most common forms of non-verbal communication. The
study of clothing and other objects as a means of non-verbal communication
is known as artefacts or objects. The types of clothing that an individual wears
convey nonverbal cues about his or her personality, background and financial
status, and how others will respond to them. An individual's clothing style can
demonstrate their culture, mood, level of confidence, interests, age, authority,
and values/beliefs.

2 Haptics
A high five is an example of communicative touch.
Haptics is the study of touching as nonverbal communication, and haptic
communication refers to how people and other
animals communicate via touching.
Touches among humans that can be defined as
communication include handshakes, holding
hands, kissing (cheek, lips, and hand), back
slapping, high fives, a pat on the shoulder, and
brushing an arm. Touching of oneself may include
licking, picking, holding, and scratching. Touch is
an extremely important sense for humans; as well
as providing information about surfaces and
textures it is a component of nonverbal
communication in interpersonal relationships.

3 Proxemics
Proxemics is defined as how far or near you position yourself from others and
can be influenced by culture, race, gender, and age. The study of proxemics
can be divided into four different sections: Intimate Space, Personal Space,
Social Space, and Public Space.
Proxemics is separated into four main distance categories: intimate, personal,
social, and public. Intimate space is any distance less ten 18 inches and is
most commonly used by individuals when they are engaging with someone
they feel very comfortable with; such as, a spouse, child, or parent. Personal
space is a distance of 18 inches to 4 feet and is usually used when individuals
are interacting with friends. Social distance is the most common type of
proximity as it is used when communicating with colleagues, classmates,
acquaintances, or strangers. Public distance creates the greatest gap between

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the individual and the audience and is categorized as distances greater than 12
feet in distance and is often used for speeches, lectures, or formal occasions.

4 Paralanguage
Paralanguage is the study of nonverbal cues of the voice. Various acoustic
properties of speech such as tone, pitch and accent, collectively known as
prosody, can all give off nonverbal cues. Paralanguage may change the
meaning of words. The linguist George L. Trager developed a classification of
voice set, voice qualities, and vocalization. The voice set is the context in
which the speaker is speaking. This can include the situation, gender, mood,
age and a person's culture. The voice qualities are volume, pitch, tempo,
rhythm, articulation, resonance, nasality, and accent. They give each
individual a unique 'voice print'.
Vocalization consists of three subsections: characterizers, qualifiers and
segregates.
 Characterizers are emotions expressed while speaking, such as
laughing, crying, and yawning.
 A qualifier is the style of delivering a message — for example, yelling
"Hey stop that!", as opposed to whispering "Hey stop that".
 Vocal segregates, such as "uh-huh", tell the speaker that the listener is
actually listening.

5 sign language
Signs are the symbols that convey almost 50% of what we want to say. Sign
language is anon verbal form of communication where the sender conveys the
message to the receiver through symbols.
TYPES OF SIGN LANGUAGE
1 VISUAL SIGNS – These convey messages through pictures and drawing.
Ancient civilisations speaks about itself through paintings and engraving on
walls use of posters pictures , maps ,diagrams, colours etc. is very commonly
made to convey the intended messages.
2 AUDIO SIGNS - Use of audio signals is an effective tool that supports non-
verbal communication. Alarm clocks, bells, ambulances, fire brigade, and
police vans which have their peculiar sounds that convey standard meanings,
are all examples of audio signals. [The moment one hears the sound of an
ambulance, one gives way to the vehicle.]

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6 chronemics
Chronemics is a study of usage in non-verbal communication. The way in
which we perceive time, structure our time and react to time is a powerful
communication tool. A variation in time zone is noticed through the world. The
time difference between India and America is ten to eleven hours. It may be
possible that in a day we may work in different time zones. Call centres in
India have clientele in America generally work at night. In India, the
production in a manufacturing company will be at its peak in the evening,
whereas in western countries the production is at peak in morning hours.
In India people like to keep themselves free and go on vacation during festival
like Diwali, while in western countries people complete their commitments
before Christmas to celebrate the festivals.
According to chronemics, the timings and frequency of any action as well as
rhythm of communication within an interaction contribute to the process of
non-verbal communication. The conception of time differ widely in different
cultures.

Advantages of non-verbal communication:

 Complementary: Non-verbal cues complement a verbal message by
adding to its meaning. You can pat someone you offended at the back as
you say sorry to him or her.
 Easy presentation: Information can be easily presented in non-verbal
communication through using visual, audio-visual and silent means of
non-verbal communication.
 Substituting: Non-verbal messages may substitute for the verbal message
especially if it is blocked by noise, interruption, long-distance, etc. for
example; gestures-finger to lips to indicate need for quiet, facial
expressions- a nod instead of a yes.
 Accenting: Often used to accent a verbal message. Verbal tone indicates
the actual meaning of the specific words.
 Repeat: Used to repeat the verbal message (e.g. point in a direction while
stating directions.)
 Help to illiterate people: This type of communication use gestures, facial
expressions, eye contact, proximity, touching, etc. and without using any
spoken or written word. So, it is very much helpful for illiterate people.
 Help to handicapped people: Non-verbal cues of communication greatly
help in handicapped people especially to deaf people. Deaf people
exchange messages through the movements of hands, fingers, eyeballs,
etc.

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  Attractive presentation: Non-verbal communication is based on visual,
picture, graph, sign, etc. that can be seen very much attractive.
 Reducing wastage of time: The message of non-verbal communication
reached the receiver very fast. For this reason, it reduces the wastage of
valuable time of the communicator.
 Quick expression of message: Non-verbal cues of communication like
sign and symbol can also communicate some messages very quickly
than written or oral messages.

Disadvantages or limitations of non-verbal

communication:
 Long conversations are not possible: In non-verbal communication, long
conversation and necessary explanations are not possible. No party can
discuss the particular issues of the messages.
 Difficult to understand: Difficult to understand and requires a lot of
repetitions in non-verbal communication. Since it uses gestures, facial
expressions eye contact, touch, etc. for communicating with others which
may not be understandable for the simple and foolish people.
 Not everybody prefers: Everybody does not prefer to communicate
through non-verbal communication with others. Sometimes it cannot
create an impression upon people or listeners. It is less influential and
cannot be used everywhere. It is cannot be used as a public tool for
communication.
 Lack of formality: Non-verbal communication does not follow any rules,
formality or structure like other communication. Most of the cases,
people unconsciously and habitually engaged in non-verbal
communication by moving the various parts of the body.
 Costly: In some cases, non-verbal communication involves huge costs.
For example, neon signs, PowerPoint presentations, cinema, etc. are very
much costly compared to other forms of communication.
 Distortion of information: Since it uses gestures, facial expressions, eye
contact, touch, sign, sound, paralanguage, etc. for communicating with
others, there is a great possibility in distortion of information in non-
verbal communication.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION: BASIC
CONCEPT AND SKILLS

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  WEBSITES:
WWW.INVESTOPEDIA.COM

WWW.THEBUSINESSCOMMUNICATION.COM
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM

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