अ हफे

न
BY
DIVYAMALINI.C & MONIKA.G

UNDER GUIDANCE OF
DR.A.RAMAKRISHNA, M.D(Ay.)
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
SRI SAI RAM AYURVEDA MEDICAL COLLEGE
BASONYM :

फ णनां
फेन इव उ गु
ण वात्
।

► LATEX IS VERY STRONG LIKE

THE VENOM OF COBRA
CLASSICAL REFERENCE:

► Brihat trayis does not mention about the drug.

► Sharangadhara quoted it has an example for vyavaya dravya

► Described in text like Bhava prakasa and Rasa Ratna

Samucchayam.
DESCRIPTION:
► BOTANICAL NAME : Papaver somniferum

► FAMILY NAME : Pappaveraceae

► ENGLISH NAME : Poppy, Opium

► REGIONAL NAME : Kasa Kasa

AHIPHENA
SYNONYMS:
बीज
फल BP
BP
1. कास बीज
कास फलं
खाखस तल
1.
2.
अफु
कं
2.
DHANVANTARI NIGANTU
3. अ हफे
नं खस्तल
1.
DHANVANTARI NIGANTU
2. तल भे
द
1. सुपुप
RAJA NIGANDU
2. लस फल खस्खस्
1.
3. अफु
क– वभु
त अ हफे
नंअफे
नकं सूम बीज
2.
MORPHOLOGY:
► HABIT: An Erect, Rarely branched annual herb.
Grows upto Height 70 to 120 cm.
► HABITAT : In India, it is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Bihar and Madya Pradesh.
► LEAVES : Many, Lobed, Dentate, Serrate,
amplexicaul

► ROOT : Tap root, Branched.

MORPHOLOGY COTD….

► INFLORASCENCE : Solitary ,Terminal Cymose

► FLOWERS : Bluish white with Purple base /white

► FRUIT : Small ,white or black.

VARITIES OF NIGANTU RATNAKARA :
1 जारण White variety acts as digestive.
(भुतम तंच जारये
त्)
2 मारण Black variety causes death.
( मारन तु क तता )
3 धारण Yellow variety acts as Rasayana .
( जरनाशकार)
4 1. ––-–
सारण Different colour remove metabolic residue
from the body.
( मलसारण काययत:)
रस प चक

नयास फल वक् बीज

• त रस • त ,कषाय रस • मधु
र,कषाय रस
• ,उ ण गु
णं • लघु, गु
णं • गु गु
णं
• उ ण वीय • शीत वीय • शीत वीय
• कटु वपाकं कटुवपाकं • मधु
र वपाकं
•
USEFUL PART :
1. फल
2. पु
प
3. नयास
4. फल तै
लं Opium seeds Latex
5. Unriped capsules.

flower
DRIED OPIUM SEEDS
 भावं- मदकारी  PHARMACOLOGY:
Narcotic
 DOSE Sedative
(Acc.to .RASATHARANGINI) Hypnotic
Analgesic
मा – ¼ to 1 गु or र .
Antipasmodic

अ हफे
न वशे
षे
न खलु
बाह ये
ागता ।
 ►
USES ACC. TO BHAVAPRAKASHA

1. न जनकमु
तमं
6.
वा हक
2.
वशे
षे
न वे
दन व नवरणं
7.
आ शु
ल
3.
व म वशे
ाधनं
8.
उ माद
4.
पु
रणं
नवम्
अ तसारंव नह त
9.
शु
क कास समनम्
5.
म य पने
ा धत शे
ाफ
10.
स पा तक वरं
ACTION IN CIRCULATION ACC.TO .BP:
Naadenam dhamaneenam cha yasmat tu hridayasya cha ।
Naisargikeem pravrita va gatim mandayati drutham ॥
► It explains the action of ahiphena in circulation according to BP.
► It effects the Nadis and dhamanis and through it.
► It reaches the heart and quickly results in slowing down the
circulation.
ANALGESIC ACTION :
Vividotdhana sambhootham vividhasthana samsrayam।
Tatha vividhasamsthaanam bhedanam vinihatyalam॥
Analgesic action,mitigates vedana which occurs due to various
reasons formed due to various sthana samsraya in various location.
Acc .to .NIGANTU RATNAKARA:

1. स त धातुवशे
ासक

2. आन दकारक

3. नेमादक

4. स पातकृ
मकफपा डुय वनाशनं

5. Indicated in कास, ास, लह,धातुय

SHODANA:
► According to BP/AP/YR/RT

BHAVANA in Sringavera rasa for 21 days.

► According to Arogya kalpadrooma

Dravayeth navaneethanam naagaphenam samanvitham ।

Navaneetham melted with Ahiphena or else it causes mada

mohaadi vikaras.
THERAPEUTIC USES:
1. वा जकरणं
– Combination of अ हफे
न, अकर कराभ, जा तफल, जा तप , एल,
लवङग, कुकु
म (Each 10 gm ) along with 5gm of कपु
र are grinded
together and administer orally (250 to 300 mg – pills)
{YOGARATNAKARA}

2. कास – खस्
खसा नयु
ह ( SIDDHA BHESAJA MANIMALA)

3. अ तसार – अ हफे
न and the वष त डु
क वक्
mixed with मधु
and
►
IMPORTANT FORMULATION:
1.
कपु
रा द रसं
– अ तसारं
, वर अ तसारं
,शत्कार हणी,र ा तसार.

2.
न े
ाधय व ट – न नाशं
( R.T)

3.
अ हफे
नासवं
- अ तसार, वसु
च कं
,कण शु
लं
,द त शु
लं
.

4.
वे
दना दक व ट – व वदे
ा ानं
संतानं
वे
दन व वधा

5.
स र भु
षण रस्
– अ तसार

6.
हशु
थय व ट – कष करे
ा त यु
नम्
(R.T)

7.
मङगले
ादय व ट – लापा द उप वं
occuring स पा तक वरा द वकार’s.
 AHIPHENA
DEALT
IN TOXICOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION:
► IN AYURVEDA :
थावर वष , उप वष
► IN MODERN :
Neurotoxic, Cerebral, somniferous-
vegetable poisoning
TOXIC PART:
► Unripe fruit capsule
► Latex juice.
Latex is obtained by lacerating the immature
seed pods.- Latex leeks out and dries to a sticky
brown residue and this is scrapped out of the
fruit.
MAJOR CHEMICAL • These are grouped in to
COMPOSISTION: two
1. Phenanthrenes –
Crude opium – contains 25 alkaloids including
MORPHINE – 10 % Morphine 10% ,
►
Codeine 0.5%,
►
CODEINE – 0.5 % Thebaine 0.3%,
►
PAPPAVERENE – acts as muscle relaxant {These are narcotics}
NARCOTINE 2. Isoquinolines –
►
Pappaveriens 1%,
►
MECONIC ACID Narcotines 6%
►
APOMORPHINE { These are mild Analgesics
and not narcotics}
FATAL DOSE :
1.
Opium = 2g
2.
Morphine = 0.2 g
3.
Codeine = 0.5g
4.
Methadone = 100 mg.
5.
Propoxyphene= 1 g
6.
Pentazocin = 300 mg
7.
Pentanyl = 50 to 100 times more potent then
morphine.
FATAL PERIOD :
6 to 12 hours.
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION:

1.
Snorting
Smoking/ Chasing 1.
If it gained access to the
system through channels
2.

3.
IV other than mouth - fatal
4.
Subcutaneously (skin popping) poisoning.
5.
Mixed with cocaine – Speed Balling
6.
Can be applied through an abraded surface, a wound
or even unabraded skin.
7.
Introduced in to Rectum or Vagina
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

► ।V Route within 10 mins

► Nasal Insufflations – 10 to 15 mins.
► ।M Route – 30 to 45 mins.
► Oral route – 90 mins.
► Dermal Application – 2 to 4 hour.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Cont….
► First stimulates ,then depresses and finally paralyses
the nerve centers.
► On contact with skin causes Erythema, Urticaria,
Itching, Dermatitis
► 3 STAGES
1. Stages of Excitement
2. Stages of Stupor
3. Stages of Coma
1.STAGE OF EXCITEMENT:
1. Short duration or absent if large dose is taken
2. Increased sense of well being.
3. Increased mental activity.
4. Freedom from anxiety.
5. Talkativeness, Restlessness and Hallucination.
6. Flushing of face
7. Greatly excited or maniacal condition will be seen.
2. STAGE OF STUPOR
1. Headache, Nausea,Vommiting, Incapacity for exertion ,a sense of
weight in the limbs, giddiness and drowsiness.
2. Pupils contracted
3. Face, lips – Cyanosed.
4. Skin- Itching sensation all over
5. Pulse and Respiration are normal.
6. Lies motionless with eyes ,eyes closed as if in sound sleep from
which he may be aroused at first but soon passes in to stupor and
coma.
3.STAGE OF COMA
1.
Passes in to deep coma from which he can’t be aroused.
2.
Muscle is flaccid and relaxed.
3.
Reflexes – Abolished.
4.
Face – Pale
5.
Conjunctiva – Congested.
Pupils – Contacted to pinpoint size, do not react to light ,Dilate during the agonal
6.

asphyxia phase caused by respiratory depression and ultimate paralysis.

7.
All secretion are suspended except sweat
8.
Skin – Cold often covered with perspiration .
9.
Temperature – Normal
10.
Bp – Low
11.
Pulse – Slow and full
Breathing – Slow and stertorous, reduced to 3 to 4 per mins, odor of opium
12.

present in breath.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSTIC POINT
► Breath smell of opium
► Pin point pupil with no reaction to light.
► Moist perspiring skin
► Low temperature>35%C
► Cyanosis, froth at mouth and nose.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF POISONING A/C
AYURVEDA:
अ हफे
न मु
धगुता मा मानमे
वच।
कृ ासे
ा भवे
दे
ा मु
खनेे
षु
कृणता ।
अत े
दे
ा अगं
शै
थ यं
शैयंया तपादये
ा:॥

Anupanamanjari
1. मू
ध गुता 5.कृणता of ऒ ,मु
ख,ने
2. म 6.अ त े
द
3. आ मान त यं
7.अङगशै
4. ास कृ ता 8.शीतता of ह त and पाद.
TREATMENT:
► Gastric lavage should be done if the drug is taken by
hypodermic or S/C injection as alkaloid is resecreated in to the
stomach after absorbtion.{ first with warm water and then with
pottasium permanganate/Tannic acid}
► Enema and Purgatives{ Magnessium sulphate – 15 g as enema}
► High Tension oxygen and coramine
► Emetics – ineffective due to depression of vomitting centre.
TREATMENT CONT…
► Nalorphine ( Specific antidote to opium )
5 – 10 mg after every 15 mins till
.Pupil begins to dilate
.Response becomes normal
.patient is aroused.

► Maximum dose – 40 mg.

CHIKITSA:
ACC.TO.SAHASRA YOGA.
1. Moolaka visa – Rajani, Saindavam along with Kshoudram and Ghrtam.
ACC.TO. PRAYOGA SAMUCHAYAM.
1. Sthavara visha – Sheetha jala dhaara
2. Madhu, Ghrta intake
3. Virechana
► FOR AHIPHENAM - karuparuthi pushpam is put in water and the juice is taken out
and added with sita, intaken frequently.
► Intake of cows milk in sugar in plenty.
►
CHIKITSA CONTD……
►
Acc. to Kriyakaumudi,
On excess intake of ahiphenam
1.
Shodana of udara with gala yantra and warm jala.
2.
Vamana
3.
Give stomach full of conc.Tea
4.
Ubaya shodana - Virechana with urubu Tailam.
Intake of
►
Ksheeram
►
Roots and leaves of gosthani in butter milk
►
In case of excessive thirst ,intake of brhati patra
awards along with milk.
►
Vacha, Pippali, Madanaphala and Saindavam taken in
Warm water for Vamana
►
Balamuula Dwayam In Miilk Or Butter Milk
► Chikitsa cont…..

1. Intake of Ardraka swarasa

2. Shunti in warm water
3. Thick and soured butter milk with jambira swarasa.
4. Thamara valayam with neeli root or single as kasaya.
5. Madam – velaparaadhi swarasam,Dates decotion with ghee.
6. Gadam - Grape grinded with Navaneetham
7. Chardi – A little quantity of Tankanam and Tuttam mixed with ghee and milk
- Ghee intake
- Intake of gambira swarasa along with garlic.
► CHIKITSA cont…
1. Tender coconut water for drinking and Dhaara in moordha.
2. Sleep is contraindicated
3. All types of swedana is indicated.
4. In sanjnanasa – Moorchachikitsa
5. In Baala on intake - Juice obtained from the outer covering of the
stem of banana plant.
6. If opium taken along with Tailam – MARAKA VISA- Rx – Neeli mopla
paste in milk applied in moordha
7. Sahasra vaala kwatha
ELIMINATION:

►
Eliminated chiefly as morphine
►
Through urine and faeces.
►
A small amount of morphine is excreted by the stomach and
intestine even when administered hypodermally.
►
Sometimes detected in saliva and bile.
►
Eliminated through milk in lacting motherss.
►
Can pass through placenta through the foetus.
AUTOPSY FEAUTURES
EXTERNAL FEAUTURES
1. Smell of opium
2. Deeply cyanosed face and body.
3. Postmortem staining – Purple.
4. Froath at nostrils
5. Pupils – Constricted.
6. Needles Scratch on skin surface.
INTERNAL FEAUTURES
1. Diffused cerebral oedema
2. Organs are congested
3. Blood is Dark and Fluid.
4. Stomach – Lumps of opium and smell of drug.
MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS
MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS
► Morphine is a drug of addiction (MORPHONISM & MORPHIOMANIA)
► Opium is the ideal suicidal poison.
► Homicidal poisoning(Not selected usually as homicidal poison for
adults because of its bitter taste, Characteristic odor and Dark colour.)
► Accidental poisoning is common in infants and children.
► Cattle poisoning
► For doping horses.
► Morphine is one of the favored drugs for euthanasia.
OPIUM ADDICTION
► CHRONIC POISONING
1. Morphinism
2. Morphinomania
Chronic poisoning is characterized by
1. Physical Degeneration
2. Mental Degeneration.
3. Moral Degeneration
SIGNS OF PHYSICAL DEGENERATION
► Emaciation
► Infection
► Anorexia
► Constipation
► Impotent
► Sterility
SIGNS OF MENTAL DEGENETATION

► Loss of memory
► Irritability
► Depression
► Gradual dementia
SIGNS OF MORAL DEGENERATION

► Criminal attitude
► Distorted Immunity
HEROIN ( Brown sugar )
► It is a synthetic derivative
► Most potent addictive drug.
► Smack, Junk, Dope, Brown sugar.
► Can be smoked, Inhaled, Ingected.
► SHOOTING GALLERY
It is the place where heroin activities are conducted.

► BOOTING/ FOOLING:
It is the process of injecting a small amount of drug ,withdrawing
some blood to ensure that the needle is in the vein and to keep the
lumen open, help to access the potency of drug and for intermittent
injection.
► Tolerance develops rapidly,
►
Withdrawal symptoms are
1. Sweating
2. Malaise
3. Anxiety
4. Depression
5. General feeling of heaviness.
6. Cramps in limps
► Incase of severe addiction there is also twitching and convulsions.
TO CONCLUDE
THANK YOU
ALLͷ ͷ