Copyright© 1997, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

AIAA-97-2553

Numerical Investigation of Shock/Vortex Interaction in

Hypersonic Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Flow

Satoru Yamamoto* Norinao Takasu*

Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan

and
Hideo Nagatomo*
Osaka University, Osaka 565, Japan

Abstract and the induced small bow shock , so-called jet-bow-

A numerical investigation of unsteady hypersonic
shock/shock interference flows classified by Edney con-
sidering thermochemical nonequilibrium effect is pre-
sented. The numerical method used is composed of the
4th-order compact MUSCL TVD scheme, the maximum
2nd-order LU-SGS scheme, and the AUSM_DV scheme
for capturing not only shocks but vortices accurately.
The two-temperature model based on the Park model
is taken thermochemical nonequilibrium into considera-
tion. The nitrogen flows under several flow conditions
are calculated. The obtained results show that the type
of the shock/shock interference is strongly dependent on
the location of the impinging shock and the shock stand-
off distance. Finally, unsteady flow characteristics asso-
ciated with thermochemical nonequilibrium effect, espe-
cially, very complicated flow structure involving shocks,
compression waves, vortices, and their interactions, are
preliminary investigated.
1. Introduction
Hypersonic shock/shock interference flows might be
the most complicated flow problems that appear around
the hypersonic vehicle. Edney1 classified them to six
types. The most critical case named as the Type IV
has been already studied experimentally by a number
of researchers.2"4 In this type, a supersonic jet gener-
ated from the interference point between an impinging
shock and a bow shock stagnates on the body surface,
* Associate Professor, Dept. of Aeronautics and Space En-
gineering, Member AIAA
'Graduate Student, Graduate School of Engineering
'Research Associate, Institute of Laser Engineering, Mem-
ber AIAA
Copyright ©1997 by the American Institute of Aeronautics
and Astronautics, Inc. All Right Reserved.
shock, causes an extremely significant stagnation heat-
ing. Wieting3 reported that the flow was very sensitive
to flow conditions such as the inlet Mach number, the im-
pinging shock angle and the Reynolds number. Hoi den4
indicated that the supersonic jet was self-oscillating at
a finite degree of angle. This result suggests the Type
IV must be unsteady. However, more detailed investi-
gations, for examples unsteady flow characteristics, have
not been reported by the experimental research yet.
On the other hand, recent CFD approaches5"7 have
investigated unsteady flow characteristics associated
with the unsteady supersonic jet. Lind et al.5 investi-
gated the unsteadiness depending on the impinging shock
location. Zhong6 demonstrated that the periodical os-
cillation of the supersonic jet induced unsteady super-
sonic shear layers along the body surface. The previous
research7 by the authors reported that periodical com-
pression waves were generated from the stagnation point
of the jet. The wave was propagated in subsonic region
toward the front bow shock, and a contact discontinu-
ity was induced after the interaction to the bow shock.
Finally, a number of contact discontinuities further in-
teract with forthcoming compression waves. Therefore,
we have understood that the Type IV has really involved
amount of unsteady and complicated flow characteristics
associated with the shock/shock interference.
As another view point for the present research,
shock/shock interference flows at actual high tempera-
ture is investigated. In general, thermochemical nonequi-
librium effect due to molecular dissociations and vibra-
tions relatively decreases the shock standoff distance. A
lot of numerical researches for investigating hypersonic
thermochemical nonequilibrium flow have been already
reported. The typical CFD codes for the thermochem-
ical nonequilibrium flow have been developed. The
typical model for the chemical reaction and vibration11'12