CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

In Nigeria today and other countries, hotel business has become more sophisticated than it was years
ago. Hotel business was developed to solve problems of accommodation of visitors and for recreation
purpose.

Thousands of people travel from their countries to other countries in search of jobs and business
transaction. They always become anxious of where to lodge or sleep for specific time. Hence man’s
quest for solving this problem has result in development of hotel in order to eradicate the problem of
aaccommodation. Now a days as well hotels are not limited to just to accommodate there client or
customers alone they also provide the listed services:

 Car rental services:

A car rental or car hire agency is a company that rents automobiles for short periods of
time for a fee. It is often organized with numerous local branches, and primarily located
near airports or busy city areas and often complemented by a website allowing online
reservations. Hotel and suit helps to provide this services in order to ensure that their
clients enjoy comfort in terms of transportation.

 Catering services:
Catering Services means an establishment in which the principal use is the preparation
of food and meals on the premises, and where such food and meals are delivered to
another location for consumption
 Concierge services:
In hotels or resorts, a concierge assists guests by performing various tasks such as
making restaurant reservations, booking hotels, arranging for spa services,
recommending night life hot spots, booking transportation (like taxi, limousines,
airplanes, boats, etc.), coordinating porter service (luggage assistance)
A courier service is a service that allows someone to send a parcel or consignment
from one location to another. ... Senders have the option to have their parcels collected
by a courier or drop their parcel off at a nearby location to be picked up later by
the courier.

 Dry cleaning:
This kind of f service is rendered in the hotel to any client that’s is staying for a very
long period of time. This kind of service is said to help the client with their used
clothes, in order to keep them clean and well taken care of i.e There are some special
types of people that help hotel customers in the washing and pressing of clothes.

 Mail services:
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels.
[1] A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place
 restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems
have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article
prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but
a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Therefore hotels is a building where people stay usually for short period of time paying for their
rooms and meals. There are different categories of hotel according to their rates they include:

One star
A 1 star hotel is a hotel that only provides the bare necessities for a night’s stay, such as a bed
and a bathroom. You can expect limited amenities and minimal service from the staff. Although
some may consider 1 star hotels to be dingy and dirty, the single-star rating is just an indication
of their basic accommodations and does not reflect cleanliness or safety. One-star hotels offer a
place to lay your head for the night, but that is about it. A television or phone may or may not be
included in the rooms.

One-star hotels are typically privately owned and not part of a chain of businesses. Most 1 star
hotels are situated close to restaurants and fast food locations, but will not have food options
available on-site beyond a vending machine. Reception desk hours will also be limited
and housekeeping services are generally only performed between guests.

1 Star Hotel Amenities

 Limited (bed and bathroom)
 Lobby or hallway vending machine
1 Star Hotel Benefits
 Cost-effective
 Comfortable room and bed
 Provide for basic needs

Two star
A 2 star hotel offers the basic necessities of a bed and bathroom in each room and may offer some limited
amenities, like a television, phone, and closet. Some examples of 2 star hotels include Sleep Inn & Suites,
Econo Lodge Inn & Suites, and Comfort Inn. There may also be 24-hour front desk services, along with daily
housekeeping and a self-serve dining option at the hotel, such as a continental breakfast.

Two-star hotels are often part of a larger chain and can be located in various cities. These hotels are made for
travelers passing through and will be located directly off major expressway exits. They may even offer reward
points as part of loyalty programs for those who travel often.

2 Star Hotel Amenities

 In-room television and phone
 Clothing racks or closet
 Self-serve dining and snacks
 Daily housekeeping
 24-hours reception desk
 Billed Wi-Fi
2 Star Hotel Benefits
 Affordable
 Comfortable lodgings
  Comes with brand recognition
 Dining options
 Loyalty programs
 Quick detour off highways

1 Star vs 2 Star Hotel

The difference between a 1 star hotel and a 2 star hotel is that 2 star hotels are part of a hotel
brand chain so they are better known and typically have more customer reviews. They are
usually available in multiple locations so customers know what to expect every time they stay at
a hotel under that name and can find the same hotel in various convenient parts of the country
or around the globe. On the other hand, one-star hotels generally only have one location and
are individually owned.

Three star
A 3-star hotel offers a balance between affordability and amenities. They are generally the mid-
tier option of upscale hotel chains, focusing on style along with comfort. Think Hampton Inn,
Hyatt Place, and Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster. Three-star hotels may not be super luxurious
but a guest can expect to have their basic needs cared for along with bonus accessories to
make their stay more enjoyable.

Rooms are often spacious with a couch or comfy chair, a desk, closet, phone, alarm clock, and
flat-screen TV that features extended cable packages. These hotels can also offer on-site
amenities, such as free Wi-Fi, a gym, pool, and dining facilities for breakfast.

You’ll usually find 3 star hotels located near restaurants and local attractions, including
amusement parks, theaters, and stadiums. They are geared towards business travelers, so they
are strategically placed near major cities. They also offer 24-hour front desk assistance,
conference rooms, and room service to accommodate business needs.

3 Star Hotel Amenities

 Spacious rooms
 Shower with a tub
 Hotel toiletries in room
 Couch or comfy chair
 Desk
 Closet and dresser
 Phone and alarm clock
 Flat-screen TV with cable
 Pool
 Fitness Center
 Business services
3 Star Hotel Benefits
 Quality service for mid-range pricing
 Stylish and comfortable rooms
 Easy to get to tourist attractions
 Exercise options, such as a pool and gym
2 Star vs 3 Star Hotel
The difference between a 2 star hotel and 3 star hotel is the amenities provided. While a 2 star
hotel will focus on the basics for a one-night stay, 3 star hotels focus primarily on business
travels and multi-night stays. To accommodate these travelers, they offer a variety of on-site
amenities, like business centers, a pool, and a fitness center.
 Four star
A 4 star hotel is an upscale hotel that provides amenities, activities, and extras to create a full
experience for multi-night stays. These facilities are often large and located in touristic areas,
such as near beaches or major cities. The lobbies are noticeably elegant, and the buildings are
fully staffed with reception desk, valets, concierges, housekeeping, and kitchen employees.

Four-star hotels may also have indoor and outdoor pools, spas, tennis and basketball courts,
workout classes led by instructors, movie nights, and live music. Hilton Grand Vacation Resorts,
Omni Hotels and Resorts, and Westin by Marriott are well-known examples of 4 star hotels.

Rooms in 4-star hotels are spacious and comfortable, with king-sized soft mattresses and lavish
hotel bedding. Along with a desk and premium furnishings, they may also include a safe,
bathrobes, and slippers. Most rooms will have large flat-screen TVs with DVD rentals available
in the lobby. A 4 star hotel may also be gated and feature multiple buildings on its premises,
with golf-cart shuttling available from building to building.

4 Star Hotel Amenities

 Spacious rooms
 Large beds with premium bedding
 Shower and separate whirlpool tub
 Room safe
 On-site activities (movie nights, exercise classes, and live music)
 On-site restaurants and room service
 Indoor and outdoor pools
 Fitness center, basketball court, and tennis court
 Hot tubs
 Spas
 Staff Services (concierge, valet parking, and bellhops)
4 Star Hotel Benefits
 A full upscale experience
 Staff to provide for needs
 Location for rest and relaxation
 Entertainment and food options right on sight making the need to leave the premise
minimal
3 Star vs 4 Star Hotel
The difference between a 3 star hotel and 4 star hotel is the availability of activities and level of care from the
staff. While 3 star hotels offer some fitness selections like a pool and gym, a 4 star hotel provides options such
as multiple pools, spas, and fitness classes. Three-star hotels are about comfort, while four-star hotels are
about relaxation. Instead of targeting business travelers, 4 star hotels direct their marketing towards
vacationers.

Five star

Five-star hotels are properties that offer their guests the highest levels of luxury through
personalized services, a vast range of amenities, and sophisticated accommodations. Though
there is no standard rating system for hotels, properties earn five-star distinction by providing
guests experiences that meet or exceed even the highest of expectations for comfort, décor, and
luxury.
5 Star Hotel Criteria
Though a luxury hotel may share many five-star hotel characteristics, a true five-star hotel
should satisfy all these criteria:

5-Star Service
Five-star hotel employees should be polite, attentive, discreet, and can anticipate guests’ needs.
All-in-all, consistently flawless excellence is the expectation.

 Standalone concierge staff available at least 16 hours a day

 A high staff-to-room ratio—ideally above 2.5
 Multilingual staff
 24-hour reception, room service, valet parking, butler, doorman
 Nightly turndown
 Daily housekeeping that is also available upon request at any time
 Laundry, ironing, dry cleaning, and shoe polishing
 Guest elevators separate from staff elevators.
 Luggage storage in which bags are out of guest view
 Fine dining restaurant(s) and a standalone lounge and/or bar
 Transfers and executive or house car
 Childcare

5-Star In-Room Amenities

 Electric safe
 Laundry bags
 Full-length mirror with lighting
 Flat-screen TV with international programming
 Stocked mini bar
 Selection of daily newspapers
 Wifi
 Specialty night lighting
 At least four types of spa treatments
 Outlets for personal electronics, especially for USB plugs

5-Star Comfort

 Guest rooms must be plush and inviting—especially the bed. (Ideally, there is a memory foam
bed with high thread count sheets)
 Pillow menu
 Blackout shades
 Bathrobes, slippers, luxury toiletries, and large fluffy towels
 Night lighting in walking areas and bathrooms
 Poolside daybeds, umbrellas, lotions, ice water, attendants, and food and beverage service

As more hotels aspire to five-star quality, we expect to see the very best hotels advance the
standards of luxury. Here is what will become standard to all five-star hotels soon:
  Communication with hotel staff via text or app
 Remote access to room lighting, climate, and "do not disturb"
 Upgraded coffee machines
 Smart TV features with access to streaming services
 Bluetooth-enabled door locks

Who awards hotels 5 stars? 

There is no universal standard for hotel ratings. 

Terms such as Deluxe/Luxury, First Class/Superior, Tourist Class/Standard, and Budget

Class/Economy are more widely accepted as hotel types, not hotel standards.

Restaurant:
In restaurant refreshment services are rendered to visitor. On the other hands. Reservation and booking
system has for long been done manually. Such that one may wander how to cope with recent
development and increase in tourism. Hence there is need for hotel prospectus to change from manual
system which is time consulting and labour intensive to computerized methods.

Thus this project aim at finding system approach to computerize the hotel reservation and booking
system so that data can be processed at high speed.

The following data can be input into computer, they are customer name, Room number, Occupation,
Date of arrival, Date of departure.

These input data can be save into the system, thus one’s time is save from going through numerous files.
When information are needed the file used to save the information can be called if there is a need for
file maintenance or updating

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this research is to provide an automatic system which will help to speed up
services rendered to guest. In this research we shall aim at designing and implementing a computerized
hotel reservation and booking system. Therefore, the presence of these computerized systems will help
to update file accurately, hence reservation terminal can be linked to other office in the hotel

1.3.1 AUDIBILITY

After the data or information of a guest or customer has been collected (this data include room number
lodgers name, date arrived, departure time) they are process by the computer, the output file will be
produce which consist of lodger’s name room number, departure time and date arrived etc. is updated
and it is then used fro report making or accounting. These report obtain from the updated file can be
used fro auditing by their board of director.

1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY

The study area used for this research work is Mokland Hotel, Sango Otta Branch, Ogun State,
Nigeria.