GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

(GPS)

PRESENTED BY:
B.SAI SWETHA
17NE1A0418(ECE-A)

TIRUMALA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• What is GPS?
• History
• Working of GPS
• Three segments of GPS
• Advantages and Applications
• Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

GPS allows you to record or create

locations from places on the earth and
help you navigate to and from those
places.
Originally the System was designed only
for military applications and it wasn't until
the 1980's that it was made available
for civilian use also.
 WHAT IS GPS?
• Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite -based Navigation system
developed and operated by the US Department of Defense.
• GPS is the shortened form of NAVSTAR GPS. This is an acronym for
Navigation system with Time and ranging Global Positioning System.
• GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites to determine the accurate three
dimensional position of the user on the earth.
 HISTORY
• The GPS project was proposed in 1973 to overcome the limitations
of earlier navigation systems.
• First satellite was launched inn 1978 but it became fully
operational with launching of 24 satellite in 1995.
• Advances in technology and new demands on the existing system
have now led to efforts to modernize the GPS system.
 WORKING OF GPS
• The GPS uses a technique of “Triangulation” to find location.
• To “Triangulate”, a GPS receiver measures distance from satellite
using the travel time of radio signals.
• To measure travel time, GPS needs very accurate timing, which is
provided by atomic clocks used in the satellites.
• To compute a positions in three dimensions. We need to have four
satellite measurements.
• The GPS uses a trigonometric approach to calculate positions.
TRIANGULATION
THREE SEGMENTS OF GPS
SPACE SEGMENT:
• GPS satellite constellation composed of 24 operational satellites in space.
• These 24 satellites are placed in 6 circular orbits of period equal to 12hrs
and these orbits are equally spaced with 60 degrees.

CONTROL SEGMENT:
• The control segment comprises of 5 ground stations located on equator.(4-
monitor and 1-master stations)
• The monitor stations measure the distances of the overhead satellites every
1.5 seconds and sends the corrected data to master station.

USER SEGMENT:
• The user segment consists of all earth-based GPS receivers and its is totally
user community,both civilian and military.
 INFORMATION IN GPS SIGNAL
• The GPS signal contains mainly of two types of data,they are:
➢ Ephemeris data
➢Almanac data
• Ephemeris data It is constantly transmitted by each satellite and contains
important information such as status of the satellite,current date and time.
• Almanac data It tells the GPS receiver where each GPS satellite should be at
any time throughtout the day.Each satellite transmits almanac data showing
the orbital information of the satellite.
 ADVANTAGES
• The GPS signal is available anywhere on the globe. Hence user
will not deprive of GPS facility anywhere.
• There is no charge to utilize the GPS service as US Defence bears
cost of GPS system. It is maintained and upgraded by US
Department of Defence. It is cheaper compare to other
navigational systems.
• The GPS system gets calibrated by its own and hence it is easy to
be used by anyone.
• GPS helps find retail outlets in new visitor location.
 DISADVANTAGES
• GPS chip is power hungry which drains battery in 8 to 12 hours.
This requires either battery replacement or recharge.
• Though currently system is managed by US DoD and users are
utilizing the system free of cost, it is in the hand of US to allow or
deny the GPS service at anytime.
• It is better not to rely completely on GPS system. Backup travel
maps with directions will help in the event of GPS system failure.
 APPLICATIONS
➢Location
➢Navigation
➢Mapping
➢Tracking
➢Airways and Military
➢Search and rescue
➢Marine
 CONCLUSION
• GPS is a network of satellites that continuously transmit coded
information, which makes it possible to precisely identify locations
on the earth by measuring the distance from satellites.
• GPS although was developed for military purposes, but the
number of civilian users of GPS already well far exceeds than
number of potential military.
.