REPUBLIC ACT 1425 (RIZAL LAW)
𝕋ℍ𝔼 𝔹𝕀ℝ𝕋ℍ 𝕆𝔽 𝕋ℍ𝔼 ℝ𝕀ℤ𝔸𝕃 𝕃𝔸𝕎
Amidst the destruction of building infrastructures,
roads, and bridges brought by World War II, the people
saw the need to rebuild the Filipino identity which was
equally affected by the war.
Much attention was apportioned to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism of Filipino heroes.
Jose Rizal was an obvious platform from a start since
his name dominates the pantheon of heroes.
On April 3, 1956, Senate Bill No. 438 (AN ACT TO
MAKE NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO
COMPULSORY READING MATTER IN ALL PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES) was submitted to the Senate
Committee on Education. Senator Jose P. Laurel, the
Chairman of the Committee, sponsored and presented
the bill to the members of the Upper House on April 17,
1956.
The main purpose of the bill according to Senator
Laurel was to disseminate the ideas and ideas of Jose
Rizal through the reading of his works, notably his
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
“Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo must be read
by all Filipinos. They must be
taken to heart, for in their
pages we see ourselves as in a
mirror, our defects as well as
our strength, our virtues as
well as our vices. Only then
would we become conscious
as a people, and so learn to
prepare ourselves for painful
sacrifices that ultimately lead
to self-reliance, self-respect and Freedom” (Jose P.
Laurel, Jr., 131)
Debates for the bill in aid of legislation ensued next,
albeit not smooth sailing. Opponents, mostly rabid
Catholic senators, contended that the proposed bill
was too controversial. Their arguments were as
follows:
1. The bill was an attempt to discredit the Catholic
religion.
2. Inimical to the tenets of the faith to which 170 lines
in Noli Me Tangere and 50 lines in El
Filibusterismo were offensive to the Church
doctrine.
3. The bill might divide the nation.
Compulsion to read something against one’s faith
impaired freedom of speech and religious freedom
“A vast majority of our people are at the same time
Catholics and Filipino citizens. As such, they have two
great loves: their country and their faith. These two
loves are conflicting loved. They are harmonious
affections, like the love of a child for his father and for
his mother. This is the basis of my stand. Let us not
create a conflict between nationalism and religion; the
government and the church” (Jose P. Laurel, Jr. 132)
“Rizal did not pretend to teach religion or theology
when he wrote those books. He aimed at inculcating
civic consciousness in the Filipinos, national dignity,
personal pride, and patriotism…but while he criticized
and ridiculed the unworthy behavior of certain
ministers of the church, he made exceptions in favor of
the worthy ones, like the Dominican friar, Padre
Fernandez, and the virtuous native priest, Padre
Florentino, and the Jesuits in general” (Jose P. Laurel,
Jr., 132-133)
House Bill No. 5561 was filed by Congressman Jacobo
Z. Gonzales; the bill was attacked based on its
constitutionality and religiosity. With this setback both
in the Upper House and the Lower House, it seemed
hopeless for the bill to pass into law in the latter part
of April 1956.
May 12, 1956, Senate Bill No. 438 was unanimously
approved on second reading. The Lower House
imitated the Senate and on May 14, 1956, the bill was
approved unanimously in the House of
Representatives.
On June 12, 1956,
President Ramon
Magsaysay signed the bill
to make it a law, thus
giving birth to Republic Act
1425 also known as the
Rizal Law
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425
AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND
WRITING OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS
NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO,
AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION
THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSE
Section 1
Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal,
particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all
schools, colleges and universities, public and private:
Provided, That in the collegiate course, the original or
unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be
used as basic texts.
Section 2
It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and
universities to keep in their libraries adequate number
of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as
Rizal’s other works and biography.
The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo or their translations in English as
well as other writings of Rizal shall be included in the
list of approved books for required reading in public or
private school, college or university.

Section 3
The Board of National Education shall cause the
translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal
into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine
dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular
editions; and caused them to be distributed, free of
charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the
Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout
the country.

Section 4
Nothing in this Act shall be constructed as amendment
or repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of the
Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of
religious doctrines by public school teachers and other
person engaged in any public school.

Section 5
The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby
authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not
otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to
carry out the purpose of this Act.

Section 6
This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved:
June 12, 1956
 CONCEPT OF HERO
Concept of Hero in Filipino Culture
and History
 The definition of the word “hero” in traditional
western dictionaries. Hero is normally defined
here as an illustrious man, often of divine descent,
or with distinguished valor or enterprise in danger,
and fortitude in suffering, who is supposed to be
exalted after death. Being an extraordinary person
and individualistic is apparent. This may be seen
in the synonym of hero in Microsoft word –
Superman.
According to William Henry Scott,
pangangayaw was done because of four
reasons
1) to secure resources, ranging from the occasional
use goods or bounty to human slaves;
2) to avenge a personal affront or family honor;
3) to fulfill mourning requirements to which the life
of enemies must be sacrificed; and lastly
4) for personal prominence or a mercenary reward.
A Bayani is more often than
not a true kawani or lingcod –
bayan (community servant)
who renders his or her help to
those in need in the
community without counting
the cost. His / Her ultimate
goal is to maintain peace and
order. The concept of
bayanihan (cooperation) and
the word ipabayani (free labor
offered to/by someone) proves the semantic essence
of Bayani.
 Pedro Serrano Laktaw, elaborates the personality
of a Bayani; a person who fears no one (walang-
takot), courageous (matapang), firm (matibay),
bold (mapangahas), but quiet (tahimik) and calm
(mahinahon).
 When the Spaniards conquered the Philippines.
Instead of living role models, the Spaniards had
introduced the image of obedience of saints and
disciples whom the Filipinos had to imitate in
order to become good colonials
 The concept of a Filipino Hero in early Philippine
societies, therefore, is not a posthumous award
given to dead people, but rather an honorific role
and title in the history.
 Jose Rizal, who was executed by the Spaniards,
became the leading national hero. Mabini, Luna,
and Del Pilar also became household names. The
problem to the new approach was that it coincides
with the thrust of the Americans to instill to the
minds of Filipinos the American culture
A modern – day concept of the
indigenous Bayani still exist
today. The Overseas Filipino
Workers (OFW) is considered
Bagong Bayani (new heroes).
Their work abroad is said to
be a continuation of the
culture of pangangayaw. The
word mamayani, meaning to
prevail or triumph, has
become well-known.
Criteria for Recognizing Heroes
 The National Historical Commission of the
Philippines (NHCP) released some of the criteria
for recognizing heroes, through their Project
Saysay
 The extent of a person’s sacrifice for the welfare of
the country (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965);
 The motive and methods employed in the
attainment of the ideal (welfare of the country)
(Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965)
 The moral character of the person concerned
(Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965);
 The influence of the person concerned on his/her
age and or the succeeding age (Teodoro A.
Agoncillo 1965);
 Those who have a concept of nation and thereafter
aspire and struggle for the nation’s freedom
(Onofre D. Corpuz 1993);
 Those who define and contribute to a system of life
of freedom and order for a nation (Onofre D.
Corpuz 1993)
 Those who contribute to the quality of life and
destiny of a nation (Onofre D. Corpuz 1993)
 A part of the people’s expression (Alfredo Lagmay
1995)
 Person who thinks of the future, especially the
future generations (Alfredo Lagmay 1995)
 The choice of a hero involves not only the
recounting of an episode or events in history, but
won the entire process that made this particular
person a hero (Alfredo Lagmay 1995)
 Rizal as a Filipino Hero Jose Rizal as a Filipino hero
is state-sponsored through the Republic Act 1425
(Rizal Law).
 The Americans realizing the possibilities of a Rizal
cult in their colonial agenda, seized the opportunity
and made Rizal the “national” hero of the
Philippines
 Three steps, instead, were made by the American
colonial government to promote his heroism,
namely:
1) the creation of Rizal Province
2) the erection of Rizal Monument
3) the declaration of Rizal Day on December 30 as
public holiday.
 Vin 1995, midst the preparation of the nation for
the upcoming centennial celebration of the
Philippine Revolution and Philippine
Independence Day, the National Heroes Committee
created by President Fidel V. Ramos released a list
of recommended national heroes
Jose Rizal Andres
Bonifacio
 Emilio Apolinario
Aguinaldo Mabini

Marcelo H. Del Sultan

Pilar Dipatuan
Kudarat

Melchora Juan Luna

Aquino

Gabriela Silang

 The website of the National Commission on the

Culture and Arts states that “this might trigger a
flood of requests for proclamations” and might
“trigger bitter debates involving historical
controversies about the heroes.
 19th CENTURY PHILIPPINES
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SITUATION
OF THE PHILIPPINES
 Some historians refer to the 19th century as long
century in Philippine History because numerous
changes happened during this period.
 In terms of Political and Economic changes, the
brief occupation of Manila by British forces in
1762-1764 and rapid development of economies in
Europe made Spanish administrators in the colony.
 They rethink their policies so as not get left behind
by their neighbors and to prevent incident such as
British occupation from happening again.
GALLEON TRADE AND THE OPENING
OF THE PHILIPPINES TO WORLD
TRADE IN 1800
 Notable reforms during that time
 This enable enabled not only the increase in
economic activities in the country and the entry
firms from other European states, but also entry of
foreign ideas.
ALEXANDER DUMAS
In the case of Rizal, he
was able to read
European Literature
such his work such as
“The Count of Monte
Cristo and The
Musketeers”
ANDRES BONIFACIO
The leader of Kataas-taasan,
Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan was also able to read
French Evolution that cater
on influenced some of the
work of both individuals.
THE END OF SPAIN WARS
 With the Dutch and the British, as well as the
nullification of the slave raiding activities of the
Moro, also led to the development of agriculture
lands and the discovery of new frontiers in the
Philippines.
 This eventually created a change in social and
economic class in the country with the principals
and mestizos benefitting from these changes, thus
the consequent emerge of local elites.
 In Laguna, Jose Rizal’s family was considered to be
one of the local elites in the province since they
were leasing large blocks of lands from friar
estates Calamba.
 In Southern Tagalog areas, brigandage and
tulisianes increased their robbing, kidnapping, and
pillaging activities, prompting the colonial
government to create the Guardia Civil in 1868.
 Some movements such as the Cofradia de San Jose
in Tayabas, Quezon have more religious overtones
that challenged the dominance of the Catholic
Church and the discrimination between the
religious orders and secular priests.
EDUCATION AND THE RISE OF THE
ILLUSTRADOS
 The most notable reforms happened was the
increase of educated Filipinos as the colonial
government.
 Under directives from Spain they started to reform
educational institutions in the Philippines.
 Filipino and Chinese-Mestizo elite families who
were able to capitalize on the opening of the
Philippine markets to the world sent their children
to school to take professionals courses not only in
the Philippines but also in Europe.
 Travelling to Europe that time was also made
easier with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1859.
 With their education and exposure outside the
country, these individuals, who later in were
referred to as Ilustrados, eventually formed the
core of a new emerging movement that asked the
colonial government for much needed reforms in
the Philippines.
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
 This new movement was different from earlier
revolts because it had more nationalistic and racial
dimension fuelled by the sufferings and
discrimination experienced by Filipinos under
Spaniards.
 This was also supplemented by the liberal policies
applied by liberal administrations of Spain in the
Philippines such as Cadiz Constitution in 1812.
 This movement also drew inspiration from earlier
efforts of the native secular priest such as Padre
Jose Burgos who fought for equal rights among the
clergy in 1860’s.
 The secular priests move along with the student
involvement was interpreted by the Spanish
administrators and friars as an attempt to
overthrow the government leading massive
breakdown made against student along with some
local elites in the country in 1872.
 Burgos, along with fathers Jacinto Zamora and
Mariano Gomez, were executed on February 17,
1872.
DR. JOSE RIZAL
 Rizal was born in 1861 amidst all of these political
and economic reforms and turmoils. He belonged
to a local elite family who was fortunate enough to
capitalize on the existing conditions at the time.
 He was sent to school in the Philippines and later
on he was able to study in Europe.
 Rizal actively participated in the Propaganda
movement while he was studying in Europe.
 He moved back to the Philippines in 1892
establishing La Liga Filipina.
 Rizal’s involvement in the revolution is still a
controversial issue among historians and some
arguing that Rizal was not in favor of the
revolution, while other sees Rizal being one of the
main influences of KKK.
 Two things are sure, first is that Rizal thought
about revolution as a means of emancipating the
Philippines from Spain based on his letters to the
fellow propagandist and friends such as Jose
Alejandrino, Antonio Luna, Marcelo H. Del Pilar,
and Ferdinand Blumentritt, Second is the founder
of Katipunan like Andres Bonifacio and Deodato
Arellano, were members of Rizal’s La Liga Filipina.
 RIZAL'S FAMILY, CHILDHOOD AND EARLY EDUCATION
THE BIRTH OF RIZAL
Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
 June 19, 1861 – Rizal was born, Wednesday,
between 11:00 and 12:00 midnight in the town of Saturnina – Eldest child
Calamba, Laguna. of the Rizal-Alonso
 June 22, 1861 – he was baptized in the Catholic marriage. Married
Church in Calamba. Manuel Hidalgo of
Tanawan, Batangas.

Father Rufino Collantes

– The parish priest who
baptized Rizal. Paciano – Second child,
closest and oldest
brother of Rizal. He
became a farmer and
later a general of the
Philippine Revolution.

Father Pedro Casanas

– Rizal's godfather and
close friend w/ the Rizal
family. Parents of Rizal
Narcisa – Narcisa "Sisa"
was a musician and
educator. She married
Antonio Lopez.

Francisco Mercado
Rizal – Rizal
affectionately called him
Olympia – Olympia
"a model of father".
"Ypia" the fourth of the
Rizal children, married
Silvestre Ubaldo, a
telegraph operator who
hailed from Manila.

Alonso Realonda
Lucia – Lucia married
– The first teacher of
Mariano Herbosa who
Rizal.
was the nephew of Fr.
Casanas, Jose Rizal's
godfather. Herbosa died
of cholera he was denied
of Christian burial being
THE RIZAL'S SIBLINGS he brother-in-law of
Rizal.

Maria – Maria, "Biang"

married a man from
Laguna, Daniel Faustino
Cruz.

Jose Protacio Mercado
y Realonda – The second
son and the seventh
child. His name was
"Pepe". He was executed
by Spaniard's on
December 30, 1896.
Concepcion – impression w/ Rizal, died a martyr to its illusions.
Concepcion "Concha"
Jose's younger sister,
died at the age of 3 when
she fell severely ill. Her
death was Rizal is first
sorrow in life.
Josefa – Her nickname
was "Panggoy", she was
epileptic and died
spinster at the age of 80.
She became a member of
katipunan.
Trinidad – Her
nickname was "Trining",
she was the last of the
Rizal children to survive
and they died as a
Spinster too and died at
the age of 82.
 Another memory of Rizal's infancy was the
nocturnal walk.
 Un Cuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My
Town) – a poem about Rizal's beloved town
written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old
and was student in the Ateneo de Manila.
 The death of little Concha brought Rizal his first
sorrow.
 At the age of three (3) he began to join religions
processions processions, novena in the church.
 At the age of five (5) he was able to read the
Spanish bible with the help of his mother.
 The Story of the Moth – made the profoundest
 At the age of five (5), Rizal began to make sketches
with his pencil and mold in clay and wax objects
which attracted his fancy.
 Sa Akin Kabata (To My Fellow Children) –
Journey to his Early Education.
 Maestro Celestino – Rizal's first tutor.
 Leon Monroy – a former classmate of Rizal's
father, he lived at the Rizal home and instructed
Josa in Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately, he did not
live long. He died five months later.
 June 1869 – at the age if eight, Rizal needed to
AN
Maestro Justiniano Cruz – he had the reward and
punishment as his method of teaching: he used
corporal punishment to inculcate discipline to his
students.
Pedro – He was challenged by Rizal to a fight.
Juancho – Rizal's teacher in painting. Return to
Calamba.
December 1870 – he received a letter from his sister
Saturnina advising him to ride the steamer Talim that
would bring him back to Calamba.

December 17, 1870 – he reached his home to

Calamba.
Soledad - Soledad
"choleng" was the
youngest of the Rizal
children. Her husband,
Panteleon Quintero,
hailed from Calamba,
Laguna The Rizal Family.

 They belonged to the middle class or principalia.

 They had a large 2-storey stone house.
 They owned a carriage and horses.
 All of them were educated in Manila and still their
parents could to hire a private tutor. Rizal's
Childhood Memories.
 His parents employed an aya (nurse maid) who
looked after his comfort. His aya told him a lot of
stories about fairies, aswang, the nuno and the
tikbalang.
 Another childhood memory was the daily praying
of Angeles. By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother
gathered all the children at their altar to pray the
Angelus.
 RIZAL’S EDUCATION
JUNE 1972  After a month Rizal become an emperor and he
 Jose Rizal was sent to Manila to study at the Ateneo was considered as the brightest student of the
Municipal under the supervision of Jesuits priests. class.
 Ateneo was the counter part of College of the San  In his second year and third year in Ateneo,
Juan De Letran. nothing usual happened to Rizal.
 Don Fransisco changed his mind and decided to
send Rizal to Ateneo Municipal.
In his fourth year in
Ateneo, Rizal was
inspired to study hard
and to write a poetry by
one of his best
professions, Father
Francisco de Paula
Sanchez a great educator
and scholar.

He expressed his ideas on the value of education in his

poem
 "Through Education The Motherland Receives
Light“
 Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) –
Two reasons why Rizal almost did not enroll a poem dedicated to his mother on her birthday.
by the school registrar Fr. Magin Fernando
1. He was late for registration
2. He appeared to be frail and sickly.

 Through the help of Manuel Burgos, Jose was able

to enter Ateneo
 Fr. Jose Bech was the first professor of Rizal in
Ateneo.
 Jose used the surname "Rizal" for the first time.
 Jose was called an "externo" at a living out student
during his days in Ateneo Municipal.
 Jesuits system of education encouraged
competition on among the student
 Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class and
assigned with the Carthaginias.

The class was divided in two groups:

a. Carthaginian (non-border of Ateneo)
b. Roman (border inside Ateneo)

The best student Emperor

The second best student Tribune
The third best student Decution
The fourth best student Centurion
The fifth best student Standard Bearer

 Within the empire the students fight for these

positions by challenging the one's holding the
ranks to answer questions based on the day's
lesson.
 Historia Universal by Cesar Cantu
 Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas
 Travel to the Philippines by Feodor Jagor
 Rizal took private lessons in Sta. Isabel College
during break time to improve his knowledge of
Spanish.
 In memory of my Town – a tender poem in honor
of Calamba.
 Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good
Education – its shows the importance of religion
in education.
 A Farewell Dialogue of the Students – the last
poem written by Rizal in Ateneo.
 He excelled in all subjects and won five medals at
the end of school term.
 March 23 1877 – he received his first degree of
Bachelor of Arts with honors.
RIZAL'S STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY
OF STO.TOMAS (UST)
 After Rizal completed his education at the Ateneo
his mother wanted him to return home and look
after his family business.
 April 1877 – Rizal was 17 yrs. old, enrolled at the
UST taking Philosophy and letters.
"THE YOUTH IS THE FAIR HOPE OF
OUR FATHERLAND"
 The Council of Gods – It was another contest of
Liceo-Artistico-Literario to commemorate the
death of Miguel Cervantes, the author of Don
Quixote. The jury which was composed of
Spaniards awarded Rizal the great prize.
 The Spanish community especially the press was
appalled upon learning that the author was an
Indio.

 The study of Rizal at UST was set meaningful and

fruitful just like when he was at the Ateneo. Rizal
after completing his first year in Medical School
decided to leave for Europe.
 Rizal's decision to leave for Spain had the blessings
for his brother Paciano and his uncle Antonio
Rivera. He decided not to seek his parent’s
blessings knowing they will never approve his plan
 Rizal was still unsure of what course to take, so he
tried to seek guidance from Fr. Pablo Ramon but
since he was in Mindanao. For his first term, Rizal
studied at the philosophy program.

In the following term he decided to shift to

medicine
His decision was prompted by his desire to:
a. cure his mother's failing eyesight
b. Fr. Ramon wrote back advising Jose to take up
medicine
c. highly in demand course

 Rizal entered a very difficult world in UST as a

student. Rizal spent his time studying. He returned
to Ateneo to take up a land surveying course which
was them a vocational course. He completed the
surveyor's course and was awarded the title of
Perito Agrimensor.

EXPERIENCE OF SPANISH BRUTALITY

 Rizal experienced his first taste of brutality during
his first year of medical studies at UST.

LITERARY WORKS OF RIZAL IN UST

 To the Filipino Youth (Sa kabataang Pilipino/A
La Juventud Filipina) – a winning masterpiece
which he submitted in the literary contest held by
Liceo-Artistico-Literario of Manila.
 JOSE RIZAL’S FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD
SPAIN YEMEN
MAY 03, 1882 MAY 27, 1882
 Rizal left the Philippines for the first time to Spain  He landed at Aden, Yemen – is a city hotter than
boarded on the Spanish streamer “Salvadora” using Manila and was amused to see the camel for the
a passport of Jose Mercado. first time.

SINGAPORE
MAY 09, 1882 MARSEILLE
 Salvadora docked in Singapore and stayed in Hotel JUNE 02, 1882
De La Paz 2 days.  He arrived at the Suez Canal en route to Mar
Marseilles was impressed in beautiful moonlight
with remained him in Calamba and his family.
 Suez Canal – Man-made Marvel connecting the
Mediterranean and Red Sea

 In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship

Djemnah, a French streamer which left Singapore
for Europe on May 11, 1882.

ITALY
JUNE 11, 1822
 Rizal disembarked and accompanied by a guide. He
went abroad in the City of Naples, in Italy.

SRI LANKA
MAY 17, 1882  This was the first European ground he set foot on.
 Rizal arrived at Punta de Gales to go to Colombo.
 Colombo – Sri Lanka now SPAIN
JUNE 12, 1882
 Rizal visited the famous Chateau d’if where
Edmond Dantes hero of the Court Monte Cristo
was imprisoned.

 Punta de Gales – an island in Sri Lanka

(instagramable, quiet, lonely place)
 Rizal stayed 2 ½ days.
BARCELONA, SPAIN
JUNE 16, 1882
 Rizal arrived at Barcelona. Rizal’s first impression
of Barcelona the greatest city of Catalonia in
Spain second largest city was unfavorable.
 While he was in Barcelona, he wrote an essay
entitled “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country), LOS
VIAJES (Travel), and Revista de Madrid.
AUGUST 20, 1882
 His article “Amor Patrio was published in the
Diarong Tagalog”, a Manila newspaper written
under the pen name LaongLaan.
 It was published in two texts- Spanish and Tagalog.
 A Spanish text was the one originally written by
Rizal in Barcelona.
 A Tagalog text was translated by Marcelo H. Del
Pilar.
MADRID, SPAIN
SEPTEMBER 02, 1882
 Rizal moved to Madrid in order to continue his
medical studies.
 Nov. 03, 1882 Rizal enrolled at the Universidad
Central de Madrid in two courses – Medicine and
Philosophy in Letter.
LIFE IN MADRID
 Rizal studied painting and sculpture. Took lesson
in French, German, and English under private
instructor. Practical fencing and shooting.
 Rizal joined the Circulo- Hispano Filipino. It is an
association formed by the Filipino Students in
Spain composed both Filipinos and Spaniards.
 Mi Piden Versos (They Ask Me for Verses) upon the
request of the members of this society. Rizal wrote
this poem, which he personally declaimed during
the New Year’s Eve reception of the Madrid’s
Filipino held in the evening of Dec. 31, 1882
MARCH 1883
 He joined the Masonic Lodge called ACACIA. His
reason for was to secure Freemasonry’s aid in his
fight in the Philippines.
NOVEMBER 1883
 He transferred to Lodge Solidadirad where he
became Master Mason.
JUNE 1884
 Rizal finished his medicine education. He was
conferred the Degree of Licentiate in Medicine. He
passed all his subjects leading to Doctor of
Medicine, but he was able to get his Doctor’s
Diploma in 1887 for he wasn’t able to pay
corresponding fees.
1885
 He passed the Board Exam for Medicine.
JUNE 1885
 Rizal was awarded the Degree of Licentiate in
Philosophy in Letters with the rating of “Excellent”
(Sobresaliente)
 Uno. 1 grade
PARIS TO BERLIN
Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to
Specialized in Ophthalmology. Rizal chose this branch
of Medicine because he wanted to cure his Mother’s
eye ailment.
DR. LOUIS DE
WECKER in FRANCE
He is the leading French
ophthalmologist during
the period. Who found
Rizal such a competent
student and make him as
his clinical assistant.
 FEBRUARY 21, 1887
DR. OTTO BECKER in  The Noli was finally finished and ready for
GERMANY printing.
Distinguished German
Ophthalmologist where BERLINER BUCHDRUCKER ACTION-
Rizal worked- University GESSELSCHAFT
Eye Hospital.
 A printing shop which charges the lowest rate that
is 300 pesos for 2,000 copies of the novel.
NOVEMBER 1886 – IN BERLIN
MARCH 21, 1887
GERMANY
 The Noli Me Tangere came off the press. The title
Rizal met the following; “Noli Me Tangere” is a Latin phrase which means
“Touch Me Not”

EUROPE
 RIZAL AND VIOLA GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE
(1887)
 May 11, 1887, Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train
going to Dresden, one of the best cities in Germany.
 Prometheus Bound – painting wherein Rizal was
deeply impressed.

DR. FEODOR JAGOR DR. RUDOLF

Great Scientist VIRCHOW
Known to be the Father
of Modern Pathology
RIZAL’S REASON IN STAYING BERLIN,
GERMANY
1. To gain knowledge in Ophthalmology.
2. To further his studies of science and languages.
3. To observe the economy and political conditions of
the German nations.
4. To associates with famous German scientist and
scholars.
5. To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere.
 Teschen (now Decin, Czechoslovakia)
NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN
BERLIN
The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest
winter because no money arrived from Calamba and
he was flat broke. The diamond ring which his sister
gave him was in the pawnshop. It was memorable in
the life of Rizal for two reasons;
1. It was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and
despondent in a strange city.
2. It bought him great joy after enduring so much
suffering; Noli Me Tangere came off to press in
March, 1887.

HARRIET BEECHER
STOWE’S – “UNCLE  Leitmeritz
TOM’S CABIN”
Inspired Dr. Rizal to
prepare a novel that
would depict the
miseries of his people
under the lash of Spanish
tyrants.

MAXIMO VIOLA
Rizal’s friend from
Bulacan, arrived in Berlin
at the height of Rizal
despondency and loaned
him the needed friend to
published the novel Noli Rizal and Viola went to Leitmeritz to meet
Me Tangere. Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt– a kind hearted,
old Austrian professor.
MAY 20, 1887
 Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful city of
Vienna, Capital of Austria; Vienna was truly the
“Queen of DANUBE”

GENEVA SWITZERLAND
 Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday in Geneva with
Maximo Viola.

JUNE 23, 1887

 Viola and Rizal parted ways Viola returned to
Barcelona while Rizal continued the tour in Italy.

RIZAL IN ITALY
June 27, 1887
 Rizal reached Rome, the eternal city and also called
the “City of the Caesars”. Describing to Blumentritt
the grandeur that was Rome.

Rizal also visited for the first time the Vatican, “City of
the Popes”.

(After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, Rizal

prepared to return to the Philippines. He had
already written to his father that he was going
home.)
 RIZAL’S FIRST HOMECOMING (1887 – 1888)
Rizal was determined to return to the
Philippines for the following Reasons
 To perform surgery on his mother’s eyes. Father Jose Rodriguez –
published a series of 8
pamphlets and was sold daily
in churches. Many Filipinos
were forced to buy them in
order not to displease the
friars.

DEFENDERS OF NOLI
Marcelo H. del Pilar , Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano
 To serve his people who had been oppressed by Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce and other Filipino
the Spanish tyrants. reformists rush to uphold the truth of the novel.
 To find out for himself how the Noli and his other
writings were affecting the Filipinos and Spaniards
in the Philippines.
 To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.

Marcelo H. del Pilar Dr. Antonio Ma.

Regidor

Graciano Lopez-Jaena Mariano Ponce

June 29, 1887 – In Rome, Rizal wrote to his father

announcing his homecoming.
Father Sanchez, Rizal’s
DELIGHTFUL TRIP TO MANILA favorite teacher in Ateneo
July 3, 1887 – He bounded the steamer Djemnah, defended and praised it in
going back to the Philippines. public.

August 5 – He arrived in Manila after 5 years.

August 8 – He returned to Calamba. His family

welcomed him. They became worried about his safety.
Paciano did not leave him to protect him from any
enemy assault.
 In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His
first patient was his mother, who was almost blind.
Patients from Manila and other province flocked to
Calamba.
 He was called “Doctor Uliman” because he came
from Germany.
 From “El Doctor Aleman” – The German Doctor.
STORM OVER NOLI ME TÁNGERE
 Gen. Terrero was pleased by Rizal’s explanation
and curios about his book and he asked Rizal to
have a copy of the Noli so that he could read it.
 Gen. Terrero knew that Rizal’s life was in danger
because the friars then were powerful. For security
reasons he assigned a young Spanish lieutenant
Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, as the bodyguard of
Rizal.
ATTACKERS OF NOLI
The battle over the Noli took the form of a virulent war
of words.
Father Font – printed his report and distributed
copies of in order to discredit the controversial novel.
A brilliant defense came from an
unexpected source. Rev. Vicente
Garcia, writing under the penname
Justo Desoderio Magalang, wrote a
defense of the Noli which was
published in Singapore.
What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba
with Andrade were:
1. The death of his older sister, Olympia.
2. The groundless tales circulated by his enemies that
he was a German spy, a protestant, a Mason and a
witch etc.
FAREWELL TO CALAMBA
Anonymous threats against Rizal’s life were received
by his parents. The alarmed parents, relatives and
friends advised him to leave the Philippines for his life
was in danger.
Rizal was compelled to leave Calamba for two
reasons:
1. His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the
safety and happiness of his family and friends.
2. He could fight better his enemies and serve his
country’s cause with greater efficacy by writing in
foreign countries.