1.

Name the acid present in the following:

(i) Tomato (ii) Vinegar (iii) Tamarind
Ans - (i) Oxalic acid (ii) Acetic acid (iii) Tartaric acid
2.15 mL of water and 10 mL of sulphuric acid are to be mixed in a beaker
(i) State the method that should be followed with reason.
(ii)What is this process called?
Ans -
(i) The acid is to be added slowly in water to prevent the mixture to be splashed.
The
reaction is highly exothermic, therefore, constant cooling should be done.
(ii)The process is called dilution.

3. Explain how antacid works.

Ans - Hyperacidity is caused by excess of hydrochloric acid in stomach. Antacid
is basic in nature. It neutralizes excess of acid and gives relief from pain caused
by hyperacidity.

4.Give the name and formula of two

(i) strong monobasic acids
(ii) two weak dibasic acids
Ans. (i) Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (HNO3). (ii) Carbonic acid
(H2CO3), oxalic acid (C2H4O4).

5. Why alkalis like sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide should not be
left exposed to air?
Ans. Alkalis should not be left exposed to air because they are hygroscopic in
nature and absorb moisture from atmosphere in which they get dissolved.

6. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. What will be the PH value if milk changes into a
curd Justify.
Ans. When milk changes into a curd, its PH value decreases i.e. lactose gets
converted into lactic acid. As more of acid is formed, its PH value decreases.

7. What is efflorescence? Give an example?

Ans. It in the process of the loss of molecules of water of crystallization from a
substance when exposed to air for example

Washing soda (White Crystals) Washing Power (White power)

8.(a) Define olfactory indicators. Name two substances which can be used as
olfactory indicator.
(b) Choose strong acids from the following:
CH3COOH, H2SO4, H2CO3, HNO3
Ans -
(a) Those substances whose smell (odour) changes in acidic or basic solution are
called olfactory indicators, e.g. onion and vanilla.
(b) H2SO4 and HNO3 are strong acids.

9. A white coloured powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones.

(a) Write chemical name and formula of the powder.
(b) When this white powder is mixed with water a hard-solid mass is obtained.
Write balanced chemical equation for the change.
Ans -

10.State reason for the following statements:

(i) Tap water conducts electricity whereas distilled water does not.
(ii) Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas dilute
hydrochloric acid does.
(iii) During summer season, a milk man usually adds a very small amount of
baking soda to fresh milk.
(iv) For a dilution of acid, acid is added into water and not water into acid.
(v) Ammonia is a base but does not contain hydroxyl group.
Ans -
(i) Tap water contains ions which conduct electricity, distilled water does not
contain ions.
(ii)Dry HCl does not form ions but HCl gives H+ and Cl–.
(iii) Baking soda does not allow milk to change to lactic acid which makes milk
sour.
(iv) Adding water to acid is highly exothermic. Therefore, water is added to acid
very slowly with cooling.
(v) Ammonia dissolves in water and forms H– Therefore, it is basic in nature.
11.(a) State the chemical properties on which the following uses of baking soda
are based:
(i) as an antacid
(ii) as a soda acid fire extiguisher
(iii) to make bread and cake soft and spongy.
(b) How is washing soda is obtained from baking soda? Write balanced
chemical equation.
Ans -
(a) (i) It is weakly basic in nature and naturalize hyperacidity.
(ii)It liberates CO2 with H2SO4, which extinguish fire.
(iii) It liberates CO2 on heating which makes bread and cake soft and sponge.

12. How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid
reacts with an active metal?
Ans - Bring a burning matchstick near the gas. It burns with ‘pop’ sound
showing that it is hydrogen.
13.(a) Write the name given to bases that are highly soluble in water. Give an
example.
(b) How is tooth decay related to pH? How can it be prevented?
(c) Why does bee sting cause pain and irritation? Rubbing of baking soda on the
sting area gives relief. How?
Ans - (a) Alkali, e.g. NaOH (Sodium hydroxide).
(b) Lower the pH, more will be tooth decay. Acid reacts with Ca 3(PO4)2 and
cause tooth decay.
It can be prevented by brushing teeth after every meal.
(c) It is due to formic acid. Sodium hydrogen carbonate (Baking soda)
neutralises formic acid giving relief.
14. (a) Why does acidic solutions conduct electricity?
(b) Can basic solutions conduct electricity?
(c) Can separation of H+ ions in acidic takes place when HCL is added to a non-
aqueous solution?
Ans – (a) Due to the presence of ions (H+ ions and its counter ions) they conduct
electricity.
(b) Yes, basic solutions conduct electricity.
(c) No, there will not be any dissociation of HCL in non-aqueous solution.
15. Solution P has a pH of 13, solution Q has a pH of 6 and solution R has a pH
of 2
(a) Which solution will be liberate Ammonia from Ammonia sulphate ?
(b) Which solution is a strong acid ?
Ans – (a) Solution P.
(b) Solution R.
16. How would you distinguish between baking powder and washing soda by
heating?
Ans - When we heat baking powder CO2 is released which can be confirmed by
passing evolved gas into lime water which will turn milky. This reaction will
not happen when you heat washing soda.
17. Salt A commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into
another salt B which itself is used for removal of hardness of water, and a gas C
is evolved. The gas C, when passed through lime water, turns it milky. Identify
A, B and C.
Ans - Salt A is Baking soda (Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate) which will turn to
Sodium carbonate ( Salt B) on heating. Gas C turns lime water milky; hence it
must be CO2.
18. In one of the industrial processes used for the manufacture of sodium
hydroxide, a gas X is formed as a by-product. The gas X reacts with lime water
to give a compound Y which is used as a bleaching agent in the chemical
industry. Identify X and Y, giving the chemical equation of the reactions
involved.
Ans - X = Chlorine (Cl 2)
Y = Bleaching powder (CaOCl2)

Ca (OH)2 (s) + Cl2 (g) → CaOCl2 (s) + H2O — Calcium oxychloride (bleaching
powder)
19. A metal carbonate X on reacting with acid gives a gas which when passed
through a solution Y gives the carbonate back. On the other hand, a gas G that
is obtained at the anode during electrolysis of brine is passed on dry Y, and it
gives a compound Z, used for disinfecting drinking water. Identity X, Y, G and
Z.
Ans - X is Calcium. When calcium carbonate reacts with HCl, it gives out
CO2 gas.
CaCO3 + HCl→ CaCl2+CO2+H2O
When CO2 is passed into lime water, it turns milky due to the formation of
Calcium carbonate.
Hence, solution Y is lime water
When chlorine gas is passed on dry lime water, it gives bleaching powder which
is used for disinfecting water.
20. Identify the compound X on the basis of the reactions given below. Also,
write the name and chemical formulae of A, B and C.

Ans - 1)2NaOH+ Zn→ Na₂ZnO₂ + H2(g)

2)NaOH + HCl →NaCl + H2O
3)NaOH + CH3 COOH→ CH3 COONa + H2O
By the following reaction, it is confirmed that compound X is Sodium
Hydroxide.
21 . A dry pellet of a common base B, when kept in the open absorbs moisture
and turns sticky. The compound is also a by-product of the chloralkali process.
Identify B. What type of reaction occurs when B is treated with an acidic
oxide? Write a balanced chemical equation for one such solution.
Ans - A compound which is a by-product of the chloralkali process is NaOH.
Hence compound B is NaOH.
When NaOH is treated with acidic oxide neutralization process occurs. For
example, If NaOH is treated with carbon-di-oxide, it gives Sodium carbonate.
2NaOH+ CO2 →Na2CO3+ H2O
22. A sulphate salt of Group 2 element of the Periodic Table is a white, soft
substance, which can be moulded into different shapes by making its dough.
When this compound is left in the open for some time, it becomes a solid mass
and cannot be used for moulding purposes. Identify the sulphate salt, and why
does it show such behaviour? Give the reaction involved.
Ans - The sulphate salt should be calcium sulphate which is white and soft
substance. Calcium sulphate is popularly known as Plaster of Paris.
Plaster of Paris has half molecule of water of crystallization. When we leave
plaster of Paris open for some time, it absorbs moisture to gain a number of
molecules of crystallization. This newly formed compound is called Gypsum,
which is hard to make moulds.
23. A compound X is bitter in taste. It is a component of washing powder &
reacts with dil. HCI to produce brisk effervescence dur to colourless, odourless
gas which turns lime water milky due to formation of Z. When excess of is
passed, milkiness disappears due to formation of P. Identify X, Y, And Z & P.
Ans -

24. What is meant by ‘water of crystallisation’ of a substance ?

Describe an activity to show that blue copper sulphate crystals contain water of
crystallisation. Write the chemical formula of hydrated copper sulphate and
anhydrous copper sulphate.
Ans - The water molecules associated with a crystalline substance is called
‘water of crystallisation’.
To show crystalline salts contain water of crystallisation.
Materials Required: CuS04.5H20 (Blue vitriol), boiling tube, burner, cork,
delivery tube, test tube, clamp stand.
Procedure:
1. Take 2g of CuS04.5H20 in a boiling tube fitted in a clamp stand.
2. Observe its colour. Fit it with cork and delivery tube bent at two right angles
which dips into a test tube.
3. Heat crystals in boiling tube. ‘
4. Observe vapours being condensed in test tube.
5. Cool the crystals and add few drops of water into it.
Observation: Water vapours get condensed in a test tube and colour of blue
crystals changes into white. On adding water to anhydrous copper sulphate, it
changes into blue again.
Chemical Reaction:

Blue vitriol White

Conclusion: Crystalline substances have water of crystallisation which are lost
on heating.
CuSO4.5H2O is hydrated copper sulphate. CuSO4 is anhydrous copper sulphate.
25.When gas pass through saturated solution of ammonia Cal brine, two
compound ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are form. ‘Y’ is used as antacid and decomposes to form
another solid ‘Z’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’, ‘Z’ and write chemical equations.

Ans -
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

26. A substance ‘X’ used in the kitchen for making tasty crispy pakoras and is
also an Ingredient of antacid. Name the substance ‘X’.
(i) How does ‘X’ help to make cakes and bread soft and spongy.
(ii) Is the pH value of solution of ‘X’ is lesser than or greater than 7.0?
Ans -

(i) When gas escapes as bubbles it leaves behind pores which make the cake
or bread soft and spongy.
(ii) It is a salt of strong base so the pH of the solution will be more than 7.0

27.Compounds like alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not
categorised as acids. Discuss an activity to prove it.
Ans - Take a beaker of 250 ml and place two nails fixed with the help of cork.

• Connect the nails to the two terminals of a 6 volt battery as shown in figure.
• Now add some water containing ethanol and put the switch ON.
• Repeat the experiment with glucose solution.
Observation : K The bulb will not glow and the needle of ammeter will not show
deflection because glucose and ethanol do not conduct electricity.
Conclusion: The experiment shows glucose and ethanol do not ionise in aqueous
solution, that is, they do not give H+ ions, therefore cannot conduct electricity.
Thus, glucose and ethanol are not categorised as acids.

28.Does Tartaric acid helps in making cake or bread fluffy. Justify.

Ans - No , tartaric acid does not evolve any carbon dioxide during baking. Its
role is to react with Na2CO3 formed when NaHCO3 decomposes.

If this not happens, Na2CO3 will impart a bitter taste to the cake.