URBAN GOVERNANCE

AND PUBLIC SERVICES

PeterSteve Ngabwe 08211940007004
William Diondi Parasian Harahap 08211942000008
Qaedi Peter Zhafari 08211942000016
01 02 03
URBAN PUBLIC
GOVERNANCE SERVICES IMPLICATION

What is urban The definition and The implication of

governance? types of public public services to
services urban economics
 01
URBAN GOVERNANCE
 What Is Governance?
The concept of governance is complex and controversial. Governance is not
government and governance emphasizes process.

● Urban governance is the sum of the many ways

individuals and institutions, public and private, plan
and manage the common affairs of the city.
● It is a continuing process through which conflicting
or diverse interests may be accommodated and
cooperative action can be taken.
● It includes formal institutions as well as informal
arrangements and the social capital of citizens.

UN-HABITAT
Bad Government
and Governance
Bad government and bad governance
have similar characteristics:

● Urbanization
● Whimsical and Expedient
Decision-Making
● Shortsightedness
● Disregard for the concern of the
many and decisions
● Lack of employment
● Corruption
 Urban Good Governance
Good governance is defined differently according to
the experience and interest of the people,
organisations, governments and city authorities.
● Urban governance is inextricably linked to the
welfare of the citizenry.
● Good urban governance must enable women
and men to access the benefits of urban
citizenship.
https://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?typeid=19&catid=25&cid=2097
● Good urban governance, based on the principle
of urban citizenship, affirms that no man,
woman or child can be denied access to the
necessities of urban life, including adequate
shelter, security of tenure, safe water, sanitation,
a clean environment, health, education and
nutrition, employment and public safety and
mobility.
● Through good urban governance, citizens are
provided with the platform which will allow
them to use their talents to the full to improve
their social and economic conditions
ASPECTS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

● Economic governance includes decision-making processes that affect a country's economic activities
and its relationships with other economies
● Refers to all rules constituting the general framework for economic activities.
● Implementing these rules in a transparent, predictable and reliable way contributes to a resilient and
stable economy that fosters inclusive growth.
● Investment as well as job creation and ultimately helps alleviating poverty. Good Economic
Governance is crucial for the functioning of both the public and the private sector.

Economic Governance
Administrative
Governance
Administrative governance
is the system of policy
implementation.

Political
Governance
Political governance is the
process of decision-making
to formulate policy.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

PARTICIPATORY
Citizens are a key cornerstone of good
01
governance and should have a voice in
decision-making
ACCOUNTABLE
Decision-makers in government, the private
03
sector and civil society organizations
are accountable to the public, as well as to
institutional stakeholders.
CONSENSUS ORIENTED
02 Good governance mediates differing
interests to reach a broad consensus on
what is in the best interests of the group
and, where possible, on policies and
procedures.
04 TRANSPARENT
Processes, institutions and information are
directly accessible to those concerned with
them, and enough information is provided
to understand and monitor them.

UNDP
 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

RESPONSIVE
Good governance requires that institutions and
05
processes try to serve all stakeholders within a
reasonable timeframe. EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT
06 Processes and institutions produce results
that meet needs while making the best use
of resources
EQUITABLE AND INCLUSIVE
All citizens should have opportunities to
07
improve or maintain their well-being.

08 FOLLOWS THE RULE OF LAW

Legal frameworks should be fair and
enforced impartially, particularly the laws on
human rights.

UNDP
 02
PUBLIC SERVICES
 DEFINITION

Decree of the minister of

State Utilization of State
Apartments Number
UU No.25 Tahun 2009
63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003

Public Service is an activity or series in Public Service is everything service

the context of murder service needs in
accordance with legislation for every
citizen and residents for goods, services,
and/or administrative services provided
by the public services
activities carried out by public service
providers as an effort to meet needs
service recipients as well
implementation of regulatory provisions
by law
The Essence of
service Public
In essence, public service is a gift
excellent service to the community
which is the obligations of the state
apparatus as public servants
(Kepmenpan
No.63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003)
Serve society well as an obligation as
well as honor, is the basis for
formation of a humane seciety
(Tjosvold, 1993)
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 Principle of Public Service

Transparency Accountability Conditionally

Balance of Rights
Participative Equal rights
and Obligations

Decree of the Minister of Government and State Apparatus Number 63/KEP/M.PAN.7.2003

 PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC SERVICE

Simplicity Clarity Certainty of Time

Accuracy Security Responsible

Completeness of
Discpline, Politeness,
Facilities and Ease of Access and Friendliness
Infrastructure

Comfort

Decree of the Minister of Government and State Apparatus Number 63/KEP/M.PAN.7.2003

 Type of Public Service

Administrative
Goods Service
Services

Development
Utility Services
Services

Basic Needs Services Community Services

Undang - Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 dan Keputusan MENPAN No.63/KEP/MENPAN/7/2003

 Quality of Public Services

Based on the Decree of the Minister of Apparatus Empowerment No.63

years 2003 concerning General Guidelines for Public Services Delivery is
stated that “The essence of public service is providing excellent service to
society which is the embodiment of the apparatus’ obligations the
government as a public servant”. Therefore, the quality of service public
can be measured or assessed from the level of community satisfaction.
Community Satisfaction Index ( Decree of the Minister of Empowerment State Apparatus
No. 63/KEP/M.PAN/2003) :

● Service Procedure
● Terms of Service
● Calrity of Service Tasks
● Discipline of Service Tasks
● Officer Responsibilities Service
● Ability of Service Officers
● Speed of Service
● Justice Receives Service
● Courtesy and Hospitality Officer
● Service Fee Fairness
● Certainty of Service Fees
● Cerainty of Schedule/Service
● Environmental Convenience
● Service Security
 URBAN GOVERNANCE
ACTORS IN AFRICAN CITIES
The essence of using a governance lens is recognising that
there is a wide range of actors involved in urban governance
in African cities such as government, traditional leaders,
the private sector, international agencies, and civil society.
● All levels of government play an important role in governing urban areas.
● Policymaking and the division of national revenue typically occur at a national level, and
subnational levels of governments (states, provinces, counties or districts) often also
perform key functions.
● Although the allocation of functions between different levels of government can vary
enormously from country to country, local government bodies generally play a key role in
urban governance.

Government
● A typical characteristic of urban governance in Africa is that traditional leaders often
play an important role in governance—for example, with regard to land allocation in
peri-urban areas.
● Traditional leaders can be more accessible to residents than elected politicians are,
although they can also be unresponsive, corrupt and interested mainly in maintaining
power and patronage’

Traditional Leaders
● Large private sector organisations, such as property development or food production
companies, can play an important role in urban governance in African cities

Private Sector
● Multilateral agencies, development banks, and international donor agencies play a large
and important role in African cities.
● Most global aid and loans to Africa are linked to the good governance agenda and the
promotion of decentralisation and democratisation

International Agencies
● There is a vast range of civil society associations which play a key role in urban governance in
Africa. These include ethnicity-based networks, home-town associations, youth associations,
savings groups etc.
● Organisations perform roles undertaken by the state in cities in the global North, such as
providing basic services, allocating land, ensuring safety, providing social security nets, and so
on
● NGOs are important in enabling communities to organize and articulate demands.

Civil Society
 03
IMPLICATIONS
 PUBLIC SERVICES AS A STRATEGIC POINT FOR
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
URBAN GOOD GOVERNANCE (Dwiyanto: 2005)

01 02 03

Can be implemented Public service involves Public services generate

easily and real by the the interest of all public support and trust
government elements of
bureaucracy government

04 05 06

Good public services Involvement of actors Benchmarks and

reduce the practice of outside the state in indicators of public
bad governance responding to public service practice can
problems easily be done
 KEY
Good urban governance as 01 STRATEGIC
a key to make a inclusive
CHOICE
city
02 Public service as a choice
to develop good
PROPORTIONAL governance concept in
Good governance is 03 Indonesia
directly proportional to
public service quality
 Asian Countries And The Pacific Case

THE ROLE OF GOVERNANCE IN

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273699350_The_Role_of_Governance_in_Economic_De
velopment_Evidence_from_Some_Selected_Countries_in_Asia_and_the_Pacific
 ECONOMIC ASPECT
Corruption index
● One of the important elements of weak
governance is corruption, which is one of
the components of political risk rating
system.
● The result showed that, corruption is
positively related to economic growth,
meaning that high corruption discourages
economic growth
Inflation rate
● Inflation rate was included in the model to
measure the macroeconomic instability
and it is one of the elements of the weak
governance which supposedly
discourages economic growth
● The result demonstrated that, if the
inflation upsurges by one percentage
point, it will impair GDP per capita by 2.738
percent.
 ECONOMIC ASPECT

Openness to trade Dependency ratio

● Too much dependency on the working
● International trade is perhaps the most
segment of population is usually
important factor that contributes to
considered negative in the sense that it
economic growth
makes economic growth sluggish and
● There was an increase of one percentage
thus is negatively linked to economic
point in openness to trade leads which
growth
arose in GDP per capita by 0.003 unit
● The result revealed that if the
percentage for each specific country
dependency ratio increases by one
percentage point, it will discourage GDP
per capita by 0.0333 percent
 Summary
● The result confirms that corruption discourages economic growth which
is also in line with theoretical expectations.
● The negative impact of inflation on GDP per capita as hypothesized is
also confirmed.
● The other independent variable which has also a significant effect on
growth is international trade. A country which has openness to trade will
benefit from increasing business activities in exports and imports.
● The study result shows that high dependency ratio is not supportive of
economic growth.
 Conclusion
1
Corruption is a barrier to economic growth by creating economic distortions, reducing
investment as the result of higher costs of doing business and increasing inequality

2
High corruption shows that a country suffers from a governance problem as the result of
weakness in its institutions such as lack of accountability, transparency, competent
bureaucracy and particularly lack of rule of law

3
Therefore, improvements in governance by reducing corruption will strengthen
the country’s institutions, create a more efficient and effective bureaucracy and a better
investment climate, as well as improve allocation of resources
 Indonesian Case Study

THE EFFECT OF TAXPAYER AWARENESS,

TAX KNOWLEDGE, TAXATION
SANCTIONS AND PUBLIC SERVICE
ACCOUNTABILITY ON COMPLIANCE
WITH TAXPAYERS OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Susilawati, K. E., & Budiartha, K. (2013). Pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak, pengetahuan
pajak, sanksi perpajakan dan akuntabilitas pelayanan publik pada kepatuhan wajib
pajak kendaraan bermotor. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 4(2), 345-357.
 Study Background
One source of government funding is revenue from the tax sector. The administration of
government, public services and national development is largely funded by the tax
sector. Almost all regions in Indonesia explore the potential for regional income through
local taxes (Romandana, 2012). Therefore, local governments must strive to increase the
potential sources of regional income.

Providing good service can increase taxpayer compliance (Rajif, 2012). Public Service
Accountability is a new paradigm in responding to differences in perceptions of services
desired by the community and services provided by local governments (Sasongko, 2008).
If Singaraja Samsat officers can provide public services in a transparent and open
manner, this can affect the potential source of their revenue.
Analysis Method
Results
Conclusion
Thank You
Any Questions?