Title: Measure of Central

Tendency
Presented by:
Dr. Harsh Tripathi
Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
Statistics:
Statistics deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of
the data and conclude about population using a limited sample .

Measures of central tendency:

1. According to Professor Bowley,, averages are "statistical constants which
enable us to comprehend in a· single effort the significance of the whole.
2. Averages give us an idea about the concentration of the values in the
central part of the distribution.
3. An average of a statistical series is the value of the variable Which
is representative of the entire distribution.

Followings are common measures of central tendency:

• Airthmetic Mean
• Median
• Mode
Requisites for ideal measure of central
tendency:
According to professor yule, following conditions are satisfy by the ideal
measure of central tendency:

1. It should be easy to calculate.

2. It should based on all the observation.

3. It should be suitable for the further mathematical treatment.

4. It should be affected as little as possible fluctuation.

5. It should not affected by much from extreame value.

Airthmetic Mean:

Arithmetic mean of a set of observations is their sum divided by the number of

observations, i.e.,

AM=sum(a1+a2+a3…..an)/n

Example: Find average height of 10 students and heights are:

5.6, 5.7, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 5.4, 5.8, 5.7, 5.2, 5.2
AM= 54.6/10
AM=5.46
Merits:
1. It is easy to understand.
1. It is easy to calculate.
2. It based on all observation.
Demerits:
1. It can’t be determine by inspection.
2. It can not used in qualitative characteristic case
3. It is affected by extreme values.
4. If single observation is missing the we are not able to determine
Airthematic mean.
Median:

Median of distribution is the value of the variable which divides it into two
equal parts. it ,is the value such that the number of observations above it is
equal to the number of observations below it .The median is thus a positional
average.

Example: Find median of following observations are:

when n is even: 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, Median=(6+7)/2
when n is odd: 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, Median=6

Merits:
1. It is easy to understand.
1. It is easy to calculate.
2. It does not affected by extreme values.
3. It can calculate with open end class.

Demerits:
1. It does not based on all observation.
2. It can not determine exactly in case of even observation.
Mode:

Mode is the value which occurs most frequently in a set of observations

and around which the other items of the set cluster densely.

Example: Find mode of following observations are:

2,3,4,4,6,7,2,4, 4,4,2,3,9,4,2
Mode=4

Merits:
1. It is easy to understand.
1. It is easy to calculate.
2. It can calculate with open end class.

Demerits:
1. In some cases we may across distribution with two modes or more
than two modes
2. It is not based on all observation.
3. It affects by extreme values as compared to mean..
Relation ship between mean, median and
mode:

Mean-Mode=3(Mean-Median)

This relation is very helpful when value of two among three is known to us
in advance and calculate a unknown one.

Here, we just define the skewness on the basis of mean, median and mode.