What you will learn

Uniformly distributed load

I. Equilibrium
II. Shear force
III. Bending moment
IV.Sign conventions
 2kN/m

1m 2m 1m

Uniformly Distributed Load

Simply Supported Beam
 2kN/m
Equilibrium
N ∑ 𝐹𝐹 ↓ = ∑ 𝐹𝐹 ↑ 2�
2kN 2 2kN
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚(2𝑚𝑚) = 𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 + 𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷
1m 2m 1m
4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 + 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵
Nm
+𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 0
2
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷 4𝑚𝑚 − 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚 2𝑚𝑚 + 1 𝑚𝑚
2

0 = 4𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷 𝑚𝑚 − 8𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 + 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵

8𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 =
4𝑚𝑚
𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 = 4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
 2kN/m

Shear Force 2kN 2kN

1m 2m 1m
VA = 2kN

VB = VA - 2kN/m(0m)
2kN
= 2kN

VC = VB - 2kN/m(2m) 0kN

= - 2kN

VD = VC + 2 kN
-2kN
= 0kN
 2kN/m

2kN
1m 2m 1m
2kN
Bending Moment
M+
2kN

0kN 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 0𝑚𝑚 = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1𝑚𝑚 − 0𝑚𝑚 = 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
-2kN 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 = 0
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
0 = 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − (𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥) 𝑀𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2𝑚𝑚 − 1𝑚𝑚 = 3𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
0 = 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2
𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 = 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 3𝑚𝑚 − 2𝑚𝑚 ( 𝑚𝑚) = 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑥𝑥 = 1𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚 2
2kNm 2kNm
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2
0kNm 𝑀𝑀𝐷𝐷 = 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 4𝑚𝑚 − 2𝑚𝑚 ( + 1𝑚𝑚) = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚 2
 2kN/m
Moment
2kN
1m 2m 1m
2kN
Maximum
2kN

0kN

-2kN

3kNm

2kNm 2kNm ∴ Moment maximum = 3kNm at 3m from point A

0kNm
 2kN/m 4kN/m

2m 1m 2m 2m

Uniformly Distributed Load

Overhanging beam
Equilibrium 2kN/m 4kN/m
N
∑ 𝐹𝐹 ↑ = ∑ 𝐹𝐹 ↓
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 + 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 = 3𝑚𝑚 + (2𝑚𝑚)
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
A 2m 1m C 2m D 2m
𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 + 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 = 6𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 8𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 B E
+𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 0
4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 (5𝑚𝑚) − 2𝑚𝑚 ( + 3) − 1𝑚𝑚 ( ) + (2𝑚𝑚)( ) 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 = 29𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄5𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚 2 𝑚𝑚 2 𝑚𝑚 2
0 = 5𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 𝑚𝑚 − 29𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
∴ 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟐𝟐𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
 2kN/m 4kN/m

Shear Force
2m 1m 2m 2m 𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 = −
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
0𝑚𝑚 = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚
8.2kN 5.8kN 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵1 =0− 2 = −4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚
4.2kN
𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵2 = −4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 8.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 4.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2.2kN
0kN 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 4.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 1 = 2.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚
4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
-4kN 𝑉𝑉𝐷𝐷 = 2.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 0 = 2.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚
-5.8kN
4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸1 = 2.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 2 = −5.8𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑉𝐸𝐸2 = −5.8𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 5.8𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
 2kN/m 4kN/m

2m 1m 2m 2m
Bending Moment
8.2kN 5.8kN

4.2kN 𝑀𝑀 +
2.2kN
0kN
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = − 2 (2) = −4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚
-4kN
-5.8kN 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 3
𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 = − 2 + 8.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1𝑚𝑚 = −0.8𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚 2
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 = − 3 + 8.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − (𝑥𝑥) 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 3
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑀𝐷𝐷 = − 2 + 2 + 8.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 3 = 3.6𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
4𝑥𝑥 = 2.2 𝑚𝑚 2
3.6kNm 𝑥𝑥 = 0.55
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 3 4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 0.55
𝑀𝑀𝑥𝑥 = − 2 + 2.55 + 8.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 3.55 − 0.55 = 4.205
0kNm 𝑚𝑚 2 𝑚𝑚 2
-0.8kNm
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 3 4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸 = − 2 + 4 + 8.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 5 − 2 = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
-4kNm 𝑚𝑚 2 𝑚𝑚
 2kN/m 4kN/m

2m 1m 2m 2m

8.2kN 5.8kN

4.2kN
2.2kN
0kN

-4kN
-5.8kN Moment
4.025kN Maximum
3.6kNm

0kNm

-0.8kNm

-4kNm ∴ Moment maximum = 4.025kNm at 3.55m from point B

 x
2kN/m 4kN/m

2m 1m 2m 2m
Contraflexture Point
8.2kN 5.8kN

4.2kN 𝑀𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 0
2.2kN
0kN
𝑀𝑀 +
3
-4kN
-5.8kN 0 = −2(3)( + 𝑥𝑥) + 8.2 1 + 𝑥𝑥
2

0 = −9𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 6𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 8.2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 8.2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥

0 = −0.8 + 2.2𝑥𝑥
3.6kNm

𝑥𝑥 = 0.36𝑚𝑚
0kNm

-0.8kNm

∴ Contraflexture happen at 1.36m from point B

-4kNm
 5kN/m

Contraflexture Point
2.5kN 12.5kN
1m 2m 1m
x
𝑀𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 0 𝑥𝑥 =
−𝑏𝑏± 𝑏𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

2.5kN 5kN 2𝑎𝑎

𝑀𝑀 +
0kN −2.5± 2.52 −4(−2.5)(2.5)
𝑥𝑥 =
5𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 2(−2.5)
0 = 2.5𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1 + 𝑥𝑥 − (𝑥𝑥)( )
𝑚𝑚 2
2.5± 6.25+25
0 = 2.5 + 2.5𝑥𝑥 − 2.5𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 =
-7.5kN 5

2.5±5.59
𝑥𝑥 =
5
3.13kNm
8.09 3.09
𝑥𝑥 = @ −
2.5kNm 5 5

0kNm 𝑥𝑥 = 1.62𝑚𝑚 @ − 0.62𝑚𝑚

-2.5kNm ∴ Contraflexture happen at 2.62m from point A

 2kN/m

2m 2m

Uniformly Distributed Load

Cantilever beam
 Equilibrium
2kN/m
𝑀𝑀 +
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2
12kNm 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 = (2)( + 2) = 12𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚 2

2m 2m
∑ 𝐹𝐹 ↑ = ∑ 𝐹𝐹 ↓
4kN
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶 = (2) = 4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚
 2kN/m

12kNm
Shear Force
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2m 2m
𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 = − 0 = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 4kN
𝑚𝑚
2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 = 0 − (2) = −4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 0kN
𝑚𝑚

𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 = −4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

-4kN
 2kN/m

12kNm

2m 2m
Bending Moment
4kN

0kN

2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 = − 0𝑚𝑚 = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚
-4kN 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = − 2𝑚𝑚 = −4𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚

2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2
0kNm
𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶𝐶 = − (2)( + 2) = −12𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚 2

2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2
-4knm
𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶𝐶 = − (2)( + 2) + 12𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 0𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚 2

-12knm
 2kN/m

12kNm

2m 2m
4kN

0kN

Moment
-4kN
Maximum
0kNm

-4kNm

-12kNm