REDEEMER’S COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
2020/2021 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION
NATIONAL DIPLOMA ONE PART TIME (PT-ND1)

COURSE TITLE: WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY 1

COURSE CODE: CEC 103 TIME ALLOWED: 1 HOURS
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS ONLY

PART A

1. a. What is Admixture?
b. Write the procedure for mixing concrete using (a)hand (b) mechanical mixers.
2. a. Explain the following:
(i) Batching of concrete (ii) mixing of concrete (iii) curing of concrete (iv) placing of
concrete
b. Define concreting.
c. Highlight five safety precaution on site
3. a. Explain five types of bond in brickwork
b. What is a site plan?
b. List the content of a site plan
PART B
4. a. Why do we need a site plan?
b. Highlight the procedure for setting out the corner walls.
5. a. Describe the procedure for setting out of drainage system
List four 4 types of pipe
 REDEEMER’S COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
2020/2021 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION
NATIONAL DIPLOMA ONE PART TIME (PT-ND1)

COURSE TITLE: WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY 1

COURSE CODE: CEC 103
MODEL GUIDE
1.a Admixtures: These are the ingredients added to concrete or mortal modifies its properties
immediately, before or after mixing.
b. (i) Procedure for mixing concrete using manual method
 Using shovel, repeatedly turn the ingredients in to a pile, making sure that all the
materials are thoroughly mixed together.
 Form a hole or indentation in the middle
 Add water to the mix, the amount of water should be approx.. 0.6 of the weight of
cement.
 The materials are mixed with the water.
 The materials are then turned repeatedly in workable mass.
 The mix is now ready for use.
(ii) Procedures for mixing concrete using mechanical method
 Set up the mixer according to the manufacturer’s instructions
 Ensure that the correct power supply is available
 Ensure sufficient materials and equipment are available
 Carry out all safety checks and start the mixer
 Add the required water
 Add the pre-gauge materials
 Adding the sand content first, never longer as segregation may occur.
 Turn out the mixed materials in to a container or wheelbarrow
 When work is complete, clean out the mixer machine.
2a i Batching of concrete is the process of measurement of specified quantity of ingredient
in correct proportion.
Method of batching in concret
 (1). Batching by volume: this method is usually carried out using an open bottom box
called a gauge box. i.e measurement of ingredient is done by volume.
(ii). Batching by weight is done according to the weight of ingredients. It is more
preferable method to volume batching
Placing of concrete: before any concrete, it is important to inspect the formwork before
placement. Equipment for conveying concrete should be of such size and design as to
ensure a practically continuous flow of concrete during depositing without segregation
of materials considering the size of the job and placement location.
Mixing of cement mortal: before mortal can be mixed, the ingredients have to be
measured in their correct proportions either by volume or by weight.
b. Concreting: is made by mixing cement and various aggregates such as sand, pebbles,
gravel, or shale with water in specified/ designed proportions and allowing the mixture
to harden. This mix is called reinforced concrete when it is placed on reinforcement/
rod.

c. Five safety precaution on site are

 Uses of PPE (personal protective equipment)
 Pre- trip inspection
 Blind spot approach
 Phone use policy
Curing of concrete: curing of concrete is the process of pouring water to concrete in
order to increase the strength of the cement
b. 5 types of Bond in brickwork are
(i) Stretcher bond: stretcher bond is the most common type bond that are easy to lay and it is
composed of entirely of stretcher set in rows offset by half a brick

(ii) English bond: English bond composed of alternating courses of stretchers and headers. This
type of bond produces a solid wall that is a full brick in depth. The English bond is the strongest
bond for a one-brick-thick wall
(iii) Flemish bond: this is produce by alternately laying headers in a single course. The next
course is laid so that a header lies in between the stretcher course below

(iv) Header bond: Header bond is produced by rows of headers displaced by half a brick on each
row. This bond is commonly used when trying to create curved brick work

(v) Stack bond: Stack bond is a pattern consisting of rows of stretchers with each stretcher
centered on the stretcher below it. All of the joint run vertically down the entire wall
b. A site plan is a drawing of your property showing the property lines and structures that
currently exist on that land(house, garage, fence e t c) and where your proposed addition, deck,
porch, garage, fence e t c is to be located
c. Content of a site plan
 An arrow indicating north
 The scale of the drawing e.g a”=10’, 1”= 20’,1/4” = 1’
 Property lines
 A certificate of survey signed by a licensed surveyor
 Adjacent streets and any easements
 The distance between buildings and property lines
 The dimensions of the existing buildings
 A clear indication of the proposed addition or alteration
 Other appropriate items for your project.
4a. A site plan is very helpful planning tool
When you are able to see the dimensions and layout of your site on paper it is much easier to
calculate the materials you will need and to see where different activities can occur. The site
plan makes your project portable I. e you can pocket it, mail it and make a copy
Your planning group can sit around a table and discuss the project over a copy of the plan.
b. The procedure for setting out the corner wall are:

 Laying the first course

 Move back each course one-half block
 Apply mortal only to the tops of the horizontal joints already laid
 Apply mortal to the vertical joints either to the ends of the new block or the end of the
block previously laid, or both, to ensure well- filled joints
 Lay each course at the corner, check it with a level for alignment for levelling and for
ensuring that it is plumb
 Use care to check each block with a level or straightedge to make sure that all the block
faces are in the same plane to ensure true, straight walls. A range which is a board or
metal with marking 8 inch. Apart helps to accurately determine the top of each masonry
course.
Check the horizontal block spacing by placing a level diagonally across the corners of the
5a. Describe the procedure for setting out of drainage system
 The center line of the drain pipe is marked out by wooden pegs into the ground
starting from the building outlet.
 A rail which is a horizontal piece nailed to two vertical member near the building.
The height of the rail is fixed at a suitable known level above the invert level of
the pipe. The position of the inspection chambers are then marked out along the
line by driving four pegs in to the ground.
 Excavation can commence after the setting out. Shallow trenches in firm soils up
to 1.3m deep do not need supports.
 The trench is excavated to constant fall from the building. To ensure that this is
done, a series of traveler are placed at the bottom of trench and the top sighted
to the sight rail. the length of the vertical piece of the traveler is the same as the
height of the sight rail measured from the invert level of the pipe.

 The rails are erected at the inspection chamber positions or at changes of

direction. This gives an acceptable gradient. The sighting of the travelers is done
from the lower rail through to the upper one.
  The pipes are kept in a straight line by means of a line stretched from one
inspection chamber to the next.
5b. List 4 types of pipe
Rigid pipe
Concrete pipe
Asbestos cement pipe
Cast iron pipe
Flexible pipe
U p v c pipe