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    This document provides an overview of computer network programming in Python. It discusses how Python supports both low-level socket programming and high-level network protocol libraries. It describes the layers of the Internet protocol stack and how Python handles network addressing, data transport, and meaningful conversation between endpoints. Key concepts covered include connections, the client-server model, and request-response cycles. It also explains Python's socket module for creating and transmitting data through sockets.

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    This document provides an overview of computer network programming in Python. It discusses how Python supports both low-level socket programming and high-level network protocol libraries. It describes the layers of the Internet protocol stack and how Python handles network addressing, data transport, and meaningful conversation between endpoints. Key concepts covered include connections, the client-server model, and request-response cycles. It also explains Python's socket module for creating and transmitting data through sockets.

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    38 views15 pages

    10 Python Networking

    Uploaded by

    YA uz
    This document provides an overview of computer network programming in Python. It discusses how Python supports both low-level socket programming and high-level network protocol libraries. It describes the layers of the Internet protocol stack and how Python handles network addressing, data transport, and meaningful conversation between endpoints. Key concepts covered include connections, the client-server model, and request-response cycles. It also explains Python's socket module for creating and transmitting data through sockets.

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    of 15

    2020/2021 Computer network programming

    Lec 10: Python Networking

    April 5, 2021

    Prof. Shinnazar Seytnazarov


    Dept. of Control & Computer Engineering
    Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent
    Introduction
    ❑ Network programming is a major use of Python
    ❑ Python standard library has wide support for
    ▪ network protocols, data encoding/decoding, and other
    things you need to make it work
    ❑ Writing network programs in Python tends to be
    substantially easier than in C/C++

    Computer network programming 2


    Python networking levels
    ❑ Python provides two levels of access to network
    services.
    ❑ Low level : can access the basic socket support in the
    underlying OS
    ▪ Connection-oriented (TCP)
    ▪ Connectionless (UDP)
    ❑ High level protocol level libraries for various
    application-level network protocols
    ▪ FTP, HTTP, POP3, SMTP, …

    Computer network programming 3


    Internet protocol stack
    ❑ Aka TCP/IP protocol stack
    ▪ application: supporting network
    applications application
    • FTP, SMTP, HTTP
    ▪ transport: process-process data transfer transport
    • TCP, UDP
    ▪ network: routing of datagrams from source
    to destination network
    • IP, routing protocols
    ▪ link: data transfer between neighboring link
    network elements
    • Ethernet (802.3), WiFi (802.11) physical
    ▪ physical: bits “on the wire”

    Computer network programming 4


    The problem
    ❑ Communication between computers
    ▪ It’s just sending/receiving bits

    Computer network programming 5


    Three Main Issues
    ❑ Addressing
    ▪ Specifying a remote computer and service
    ❑ Data transport
    ▪ Sending/receiving data (bits)
    ❑ Meaningful conversation
    ▪ Conversation in proper order
    ▪ Understand each other

    Computer network programming 6


    Networking Address
    ❑ Machines have a hostname and IP address
    ❑ Programs/services have port numbers

    Computer network programming 7


    Standard Ports
    ❑ Ports for common services are preassigned
    ▪ 21 FTP
    ▪ 22 SSH
    ▪ 23 Telnet
    ▪ 25 SMTP (Mail)
    ▪ 80 HTTP (Web)
    ▪ 110 POP3 (Mail)
    ▪ 119 NNTP (News)
    ▪ 443 HTTPS (Web)
    ❑ Other port numbers may just be randomly assigned
    to programs by the OS
    Computer network programming 8
    Connections
    ❑ Connections
    ▪ Each endpoint of a network connection is always
    represented by a host and port #
    ▪ In Python you write it out as a tuple (host, port)
    • ("www.python.org", 80)
    • ("205.172.13.4", 443)
    ▪ In almost all network programs you’ll write, you use this
    convention to specify a network address

    Computer network programming 9


    Client/Server Concept
    ❑ Each endpoint is a running program
    ▪ Servers wait for incoming connections and provide a service
    (e.g., web, mail, etc.)
    ▪ Clients make connections to servers

    Computer network programming 10


    Request/Response Cycle
    ❑ Most network programs use a request/response
    model based on messages
    ▪ Client sends a request message (e.g., HTTP)
    GET /index.html HTTP/1.0
    ▪ Server sends back a response message
    HTTP/1.0 200 OK
    Content-type: text/html
    Content-length: 48823
    <HTML>
    ...
    ▪ The exact format depends on the application

    Computer network programming 11


    Data Transport
    ❑ There are two basic types of communication
    ❑ Streams (TCP):
    ▪ Computers establish a connection with each other and
    read/write data in a continuous stream of bytes like a file.
    This is the most common.
    ❑ Datagrams (UDP):
    ▪ Computers send discrete packets (or messages ) to each
    other. Each packet contains a collection of bytes, but each
    packet is separate and self-contained.

    Computer network programming 12


    Sockets
    ❑ Programming abstraction for network code
    ▪ Socket: A communication endpoint

    ▪ Supported by socket library module


    ▪ Allows connections to be made and data to be transmitted
    in either direction

    Computer network programming 13


    Python Socket Support
    ❑ Python supports socket networking through the
    socket module.
    ▪ The module provides the BSD socket interface.
    ▪ The socket() function creates socket objects.
    ▪ Various functions(gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), …) to
    get comm related info.
    ▪ The send() / recv () function sends/receives data through the
    socket.

    Computer network programming 14


    Any questions?

    Computer network programming 15

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