Namma Kalvi 10th English Unit 1 Full Guide Star English Guide

Namma Kalvi
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
UNIT
1
PROSE
10
His First Flight
- Liam O’Flaherty
B.P.No. 1
WARM UP
His First Flight

Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, Ibn Battuta, Amerigo Vespucci, Xuanzang, Ferdinand
Magellan, Bartolomeu Dias, Herodotus, Captain James Cook, Vasco De Gama.
What is common among these individuals? Browse Internet or refer books and share some
information about them.
Marco Polo
Marco Polo was one of the first and most famous Europeans to travel to Asia during the Middle Ages.
He travelled farther than any of his predecessors.
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages
across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. Columbus discovered
the viable sailing route to America.
Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan Muslim scholar and traveller. He was known for his travelling and
undertaking excursions called the Rihla.
Prose
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator, and cartographer born in the Republic of
Florence. He embarked on his first voyage.
Xuanzang
Xuanzang was a Chinese Buddhist monk, who travelled to India in the seventh century and described
the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.
UNIT 1
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer. In search of fame and fortune, Ferdinand Magellan set
out from Spain in 1519 with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the Spice Islands.
Bartolomeu Diasy
Bartolomeu Diasy was a Portuguese explorer. Dias was the first European during the Age of Discovery
1
to anchor at what is present-day South Africa.
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
Captain James Cook

Captain James Cook was a naval captain, navigator and explorer who, in 1770, discovered and charted
New Zealand.
10 Herodotus
Herodotus was an ancient Greek historian. He was born in the Persian Empire (Modern Turkey). He is
called “The Father of History”.
Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer. His initial voyage to India was the first to link Europe and
His First Flight
Asia by an ocean route.
Discuss, why it was considered as an adventurous and dangerous thing to travel in those
days
These individuals were great sailors who had sailed around the world and discovered new countries.
It was considered adventurous and dangerous to travel in those days, because at the time nobody
ventured into this sort of travel due to the unpredictable weather conditions like high wind, long wave,
short wave and so on.
Mahatma Gandhi, Che Guevera, Guru Nanak and Gauthama Buddha are some of the famous
personalities and thinkers who made extensive journeys to understand life. Do you think
journeys can be life changing?
• As it is said travel is 20% adventure and 80% self-discovery, I think the great personalities
like Mahatma Gandhi, Che Guevera, Guru Nanak and Gauthama Buddha have shaped up their
personalities in many ways due to the extensive journeys they made.
• When Gandhi returned to India at the age of 46, he started travelling widely among the country,
helping to settle many local disputes. It was this quality of his that made him loveable throughout
the country.
• A journey of nine months immensely changed Che Guevera’s views on politics, people and himself
Prose
and transformed him into a revolutionary.

• Guru Nanak travelled widely in his life time and went as far as Assam in the east, Sri Lanka in
the south, Tibet in the north and Mecca and Baghdad in the west. During his 24 year travels, he
founded a new faith, which is today being followed by the Sikhs.
• Gauthama Buddha came to know about the sufferings of the people and philosophy and irony of
life when he travelled out of the palace, which ended in his enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.
After that for long 45 years Buddha travelled with his disciples to preach his doctrines.
UNIT 1
• Because of their extensive journess, their life got changed. So, I think, journeys can be life
changing.
Share a memorable trip from your life. Have you ever been on an adventurous journey? If
yes, share your experience.
When I was studying Class IX, my classmates and I were taken for a picnic to a zoo in the
2 thick of the forest. First we were thrilled to see the mighty trees and greenery. After that we saw a
ENGLISH
python which was kept in a Glassed cave. Alongside, we saw many kinds of snakes. Seeing this, all my
friends started screaming. When we turned to the left, there was a passage which led to a fenced area,
where we saw elephants, leopard, lion, tiger, boar, hippopotamus and so on. Each one of them was put
up in a separate enclosure. It was very frightening to see the lion. But when we kept on watching over
and again more fiery animals, the fear of seeing them diminished. We casually saw them all. We also
10
saw many kinds of birds. This was a memorable experience for me.
“That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” Neil Armstrong - Discuss.
• These were the first words uttered by Neil Armstrong when he landed on the lunar surface-moon.
• These words probably mean that the mission to the moon is a step for a man such as him at a
His First Flight

personal level. But this is an unprecedented achievement for the whole mankind. That is, this sort
of mission never took place in the past before his. So Armstrong said these words.
Have you ever seen a bird making its first ever attempt to fly?
Yes, I have seen a bird making its first attempt to fly, after a few days of its birth.
SUMMARY
Introduction
His First Flight’ by Liam O’ Flaherty is a story about the need for courage and self-confidence
to overcome fears in life. We know that a journey of thousand miles begins with a single step. But that
single step is the most difficult one for all us to make. When we overcome the fear and go forward, we
realize that we were born with wings.
Fear of Failure
A young seagull looked down desperately at the vast expanse of sea that stretched down
beneath his ledge. He was hungry. His parents had flown away along with his brothers and his little
sister, leaving him alone on the rock without food. They could all fly but he could not. He had tried
Prose
many times to run forward to the edge of the ledge and flap his wings, but he became afraid. Though
his parents had tried numerous times to support him to fly, he thought that his wings would not
support. He was terribly scared.
State of Starvation
He was starving and felt that he would die if he did not get any food. He saw his mother
tearing a piece of fish with her beak. When he cried out to her she just screamed back mockingly. The
sight of food maddened him. He cried at her but she just screamed back mockingly.
UNIT 1
Realization of his Potential

Suddenly, he felt the joy, seeing his mother approaching him with food. But she stopped in
front of him, keeping the fish just out of his reach. Maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish. But his
mother flew upward and he started falling. He was terrified for a moment but then he realized that he
was flying. He realized the fact that he was born to fly and he had made his first flight. In this way he
made his first flight. 3
ENGLISH
B.P.No. 5
GLOSSARY
10 ledge (n) – a narrow shelf that juts out from a vertical surface
shrilly (adv.) – producing a high-pitched and piercing voice or sound
herring (n) – a long silver fish that swims in large groups in the sea
devour (v) – to eat something eagerly and in large amounts, so that nothing is left
cackle (n) – a sharp, broken noise or cry of a hen, goose or seagull
mackerel (n) – a sea fish with a strong taste, often used as food
His First Flight
gnaw (v) – to bite or chew something repeatedly

trot (v) – to run at a moderate pace with short steps
precipice (n) – a very steep side of a cliff or a mountain
whet (v) – to sharpen
preening (v) – cleaning feathers with beak
plaintively (adv.) – sadly, calling in a sad way
swoop (v) – to move very quickly and easily through the air
beckoning (v) – making a gesture with the hand or head to encourage someone to
approach or follow.
ADDITIONAL
stretched down – elongated
muster up – gather
plunge – throw
threatening – frightening, intimidating
skim – read quickly
rooting – firmly established

Prose
hatched – (of an egg) opened and produced a young bird

daintily – delicately, softly
sheer – utter
beneath – underneath
brink – end / edge

pretended – make as it, dissimulate
UNIT 1
plateau – flat terrain

dozing – napping, sleeping lightly
hump – a rounded raised mass of earth or land, bulge,
scraped – sharpened
maddened – made crazy
4
uttered – said
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
cackle – loud harsh laugh

mockingly – teasingly
abreast of
limp
–
–
side by side
stiffness
10
motionless – stationary
swooped – dived, descended
swish – hissing or rustling sound
monstrous – horrifying
His First Flight

seized – held, captured
soaring – flying higher
dizzy – giddy, faint, weak
flapped – move the wings up and down
banked against – leaned against, tilted
shrieking – making a high-pitched piercing cry or sound

amusedly – delightfully
beckoning – signalling, gesturing
fright – fear
exhausted – tired
scraps – pieces
EXERCISE WITH ANSWER
Model : 1
Choose the suitable synonym of the word underlined.
Prose
1. The young seagull was alone on his ledge.
a) shelf b) floor c) tree d) nest Ans : a)
2. As father and mother had come around calling to him shrilly.

a) gainly b) loudly c) showed d) chilly Ans : b)
3. his old brother catch his first herring and devour it.
a) favour b) cover c) eat d) shallow Ans : c)
UNIT 1
4. The sun was now ascending the sky.

a) shining b) rising c) setting d) soared Ans : b)
5. Now, there was not a single scrap of food left.

a) slice b) rough c) metal d) stone Ans : a)
6. His long gray legs stepping daintily.

a) slowly b) hastily c) delicately d) angrily Ans : c) 5
ENGLISH
7. He stepped slowly out to the brink of the ledge.

a) pink b) bright c) finish d) edge Ans : d)
8. His father was preening the feathers.

10 a) modify b) cleaning c) dreaming d) showing Ans : b)
9. His mother had swooped upwards.

a) dived b) scaled c) swim d) flew Ans : a)
10. They were beckoning to him.

a) inviting b) begging c) signalling d) waiting Ans : c)
His First Flight
EXERCISE for SELF EVALUATION
Choose the suitable synonym of the word underlined.
1. He even gnawed at the dried pieces of eggshell.

a) groaned b) chewed c) gained d) flashed Ans:
2. His mother cackled too, and looked at him.

a) laughed b) cried c) enjoyed d) smiled Ans :
3. His family was screaming, praising him.

a) extolling b) cursing c) training d) peering Ans :
4. He uttered a low cackle.

a) ultimated b) aimed c) urged d) said Ans :
5. Her wings were far shorter than his own.

a) smaller b) thinner c) longer d) drier Ans :
6. He had been afraid to fly with them.

a) courage b) admitted c) fear d) bold Ans :
Prose
7. As he passed beneath her, he heard the swish of her wings.

a) opening b) widening c) screaming d) rustling Ans :
8. He saw a vast green sea.

a) short b) last c) large d) big Ans :
9. He could not rise exhausted by the strange exercise.

a) stronged b) strengthened c) tired d) excited Ans :
UNIT 1
10. Then a monstrous terror seized him.

a) prevented b) blocked c) released d) caught Ans :
6
ENGLISH
Model : 2
Choose the appropriate synonyms and fill in the blanks.
Paragraph - 1
10
The hen stood on the (a) brink of the stone and (b) scraped its beak. It laid 20 eggs on
twenty consecutive days at the backyard, in the cow shed and in the kitchen. When my mother
collected all the eggs and kept them for incubating, the hen came and (c) daintily sat on the eggs and
(d) hatched almost all the eggs. I (e) uttered to my mother there was no egg left for omelet.
a) i) link ii) beginning iii) side iv) end
His First Flight

b) i) blunt ii) sharpened iii) touched iv) trapped
c) i) harshly ii) hardly iii) delicately iv) dedicatedly
d) i) touched ii) brooded iii) hidden iv) matched
e) i) said ii) got iii) lettered iv) lent
Paragraph - 2
After school Little Benny asked him to study, but he did not do so because he was
exhausted and he (a) pretended to be running high temperature. He sat on the plastic chair and
(b) dozed off. His mother was shivering with (c) fright as to what happened to him. She shook him
(d) mockingly and he suddenly woke up and (e) plaintively uttered, “Mommy I am running high
temperature. Please allow me to sleep.”
a) i) treated ii) tended iii) feigned iv) loved

b) i) awoke ii) slept iii) teased iv) froze
c) i) courage ii) fear iii) spirit iv) bravery
d) i) appreciably ii) commendably iii) teasingly iv) suddenly
e) i) happily ii) sadly iii) joyously iv) lovingly
Paragraph - 3
I visited a theme park last week. My friend forced me to join him for the ranger. When I did I
was (a) seized with fear. When it started to rotate in all the directions, I gave out a (b) monstrous cry.
Prose
I felt (c) dizzy and I was (d) shrieking but no one heard me as everyone was (e) amusedly screaming.
I was simply holding firmly the handle and my breath in a sheer helplessness.
a) i) left ii) caught iii) untied iv) raised

b) i) horrible ii) pleasant iii) attractive iv) silent
c) i) focus ii) giddy iii) dirty iv) angry
d) i) high-pitched ii) low voice iii) rough voice iv) soft sound
e) i) uninterestingly ii) interestingly iii) unpleasantly d) ugly
UNIT 1
Paragraph - 4
A boy was sitting and playing on the branches of a tree. Suddenly he saw a tiger standing
(a) beneath the tree. He was scared. He had a (b) desperate longing for help, but there was none to
shout for help. He (c) mustered up courage to go up the tree silently. On climbing further, he (d) rooted
himself on the tree without making a noise. Though it was (e) strange, but he did not bother. After
7
the tiger had left, he had got down.
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
a) i) above ii) upper iii) below iv) over

b) i) wear ii) acute iii) considerate iv) happy
c) i) scattered ii) left iii) gathered iv) mustard
10 d) i) unsteady ii) wavering iii) moving iv) fixed

e) i) familiar ii) queer iii) range iv) unwanted
ANTONYMS
gradually × suddenly
His First Flight
threatening × safe - guarding

hidden × exposed
beneath × above
dozing × awake
scraped × blunted
mockingly × encouragingly
limp × soft
motionless × moving
monstrous × appealing
amusedly × uninterestingly
exhausted × energetic
certain × uncertain
cowardice × bravery
fright × fearlessness
ADDITIONAL
Prose
Root Words Synonyms Antonyms

Beneath Below above / over
desperate hopeless hopeful
shrilly loud calm
preening beautify dirty
sheer complete moderate
UNIT 1
plaintively dolefully joyfully

soared ascended descended
swooped dived rose
commenced begin end
strange queer familiar
8
ENGLISH
EXERCISE WITH ANSWER
Model : 1 10
Choose the suitable antonyms of the word underlined.
1. He had been afraid to fly with them

a) fear b) bold c) ready d) willing Ans : b)
2. Then, he had found a dried piece of mackerel’s tail.
His First Flight

a) bloomed b) drained c) withered d) denied Ans : a)
3. How he loved to tear food that way.

a) affectionate b) hated c) liked d) beloved Ans : b)
4. Their beaks were offering him scraps of dog-fish.

a) withdrawing b) giving c) donating d) refusing Ans : a)
5. They were beckoning to him, calling shrilly, scolding him.

a) calling b) waving c) praising d) requesting Ans : c)
EXERCISE for SELF EVALUATION
Choose the suitable antonyms of the word underlined.
1. ............. threatening to let him starve on his ledge, unless he flew away.
a) glut b) die c) strive d) develop Ans :
2. She tore at a piece of fish.

a) tear b) bore c) attached d) chased Ans :
Prose
3. His legs sank into it.
a) cave in b) plunge c) submerged d) floated Ans :
4. He waited a moment in surprise.

a) indifference b) joy c) amazing d) marvellous Ans :
5. ............. laughing at his cowardice.

a) enjoying b) crying c) grinning d) mourning Ans :
UNIT 1
6. The young seagull was alone.

a) little b) matured c) senior d) old Ans :
7. So, he bent his head and ran away back.

a) curve b) circled c) straight d) corner Ans :
9
ENGLISH
Model : 2
Choose the appropriate antonyms and fill in the blanks.
10 Paragraph - 1
(a) Cowardice is a baseless (b) fright. Seeing some (c) strange things a few people develop a
(d) certain baseless fear. Seeing our cowardice, there is a possibility that people might look at us
(e) mockingly. We should always be bold and should never give in to threatening fright.
a) i) awarders ii) courage iii) helplessness iv) dice

b) i) fear ii) freight iii) unafraid iv) afraid
His First Flight
c) i) unusual ii) familiar iii) unknown iv) unwanted

d) i) sure ii) firm iii) uncertain iv) confirmed
e) i) appreciably ii) correctly iii) teasingly iv) loudly
Paragraph - 2
There was a man who was standing (a) plaintively on the pavement. He remained (b) motionless.
Hearing the hoot of the police jeep, he (c) attempted to hide himself behind the tall building. I felt
(d) strange and at once informed the police. In no time, the police men (e) trotted to the spot.
a) i) sadly ii) sorrowfully iii) joyfully iv) unhappily

b) i) moving ii) running iii) stationery iv) stationary
c) i) shy ii) approached iii) tried iv) untried
d) i) unfamiliar ii) familiar iii) unknowingly iv) odd
e) i) ran ii) sped iii) raced iv) staggered
Paragraph - 3
I was strolling near a school building and watching (a) amusedly the young children
playing. Immediately I (b) halted seeing children playing happily. Some children were walking
(c) downwards from the second floor and a few were walking (d) outwards to the playing while others
confined themselves to the playthings on the school premises (e) dozing.
Prose
a) i) interestingly ii) attractively iii) amusement iv) uninterestingly

b) i) stopped ii) motionless iii) bolted iv) moving
c) i) below ii) down iii) upwards iv) beneath
d) i) inwards ii) outside iii) wards iv) out
e) i) sleeping ii) wheezing iii) awake iv) closing
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

UNIT 1
1. Why did the seagull fail to fly? B.P.No. 2
The seagull failed to fly because he was afraid his wings would never support him to fly. He felt that if
he tried, he would fall headlong into the water and die.
10
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
2. What did the parents do, when the young seagull failed to fly?
The parents came around and called him. When he refused, they scolded him and even threatened to
let him starve, if he did not fly away.
B.P.No. 3
10
3. What was the first catch of the young seagull’s older brother?
The first catch of the young seagull’s older brother was a herring.
4. What did the young seagull manage to find in his search for food on the ledge?
The young seagull managed to find dried pieces of eggshell in his search for food on the ledge.
His First Flight

5. What did the young bird do to seek the attention of his parents? B.P.No. 4
The young bird stepped slowly out to the edge of the ledge. He stood on one leg with the other leg
hidden under his wing, closing his eyes. He pretended to be falling asleep.
6. What made the young seagull go mad?

His mother tore at a piece of fish that lay at her feet, and then sharpened each side of her beak on the
rock. The sight of the food made him go mad.
7. Why did the young bird utter a joyful scream?

The young bird uttered a joyful scream because his mother picked up a piece of fish and was flying
across to him with it.
8. Did the mother bird offer any food to the young bird?
No, the mother bird didn’t offer any food to the young bird.
9. How did the bird feel when it started flying for the first time?
Initially the bird was afraid, but later he was no longer afraid. He was joyous and kept soaring higher
and higher.
Prose
10. What did the young bird’s family do when he started flying?
When the young bird started flying and soaring higher, his family had surrounded praising him for
realizing his inborn trait.
A. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two. B.P.No. 5
1. How was the young seagull’s first attempt to fly?

In his first attempt to fly, he was really afraid that he might fall into water and die. When he had taken
UNIT 1
a little run forward to the brink of the ledge and attempted to flap his wings, he became afraid.
2. How did the parents support and encourage the young seagull’s brothers and sister?
The young seagull’s parents were teaching his brothers and sister the art of flight and how to skim
the waves and how to dive for fish. When they were catching and eating the fish, their parents circled
around them praising them proudly.
11
ENGLISH
3. Give an instance that shows the pathetic condition of the young bird.
When there was not even a single scrap of food left on the ledge to eat, he was forced to eat the dried
pieces of eggshell, which was like eating a part of himself.
10 4. How did the bird try to reach its parents without having to fly?
The bird tried to reach his parents by moving northwards along the cliff face without having to fly.
5. Do you think that the young seagull’s parents were harsh to him? Why?
No, they were only making him realize his inborn potential to fly. Perhaps leaving him alone on the
ledge might sound that they were harsh, but the result was heartening.
His First Flight
6. What prompted the young seagull to fly finally?

Hunger promoted the young seagull to fly finally.
7. What happened to the young seagull when it landed on the green sea?
When the seagull landed on the green sea, his legs started sinking into it. He screamed with fear and
tried to rise again, flapping his wings.
ADDITIONAL
Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.
1. Why was the young seagull alone on his ledge?

The young seagull was alone on his ledge because his parents with his two brothers and his sister had
already flown away the day before. He had been afraid to fly with them.
2. What did the seagull watch the day before?

The seagull watched his parents flying about with his brothers and sister and teaching them the art of
Prose
how to skim the waves and how to dive for fish.
3. How did the seagull’s family behave towards him all the morning?
The seagull’s family had walked about on the big plateau midway down the opposite cliff, laughing at
this cowardice.
4. What forced him to dive at the fish?

Hunger forced him to dive at the fish.
UNIT 1
5. Did the seagull die as per his assumption? If no, what happened to him?
No, the seagull did not die. When he fell outwards and downwards into space, his wings spread
outwards and he started flying.
12
ENGLISH
B. Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph of about 100-150 words.

B.P.No. 6
1. Describe the struggles undergone by the young seagull to overcome its fear of flying.
10
Prose His First Flight
Author Liam O’ Flaherty
Theme Realisation of one’s potential
The struggles that the seagull underwent to overcome its fear of flying make everyone feel
sympathy for him. To begin with, he was afraid of flying out of the ledge, for he feared he would fall
His First Flight

headlong into the water and die. When he refused to accompany his family, he was threatened to be
left alone on the ledge and they did so. As a result, he was alone on his ledge. Since he had not eaten
the previous nightfall, he was famished. Hence he was forced to eat a dried piece of mackerel’s tail at
the far end of his ledge. After that, there was not a single scrap of food left on the ledge. So, he even
started biting the dried pieces of eggshell, which was like eating a part of himself. He walked back and
forth from one end of the ledge to the other desperately trying to find some means of reaching his
parents without having to fly. He even pretended to be falling asleep standing on the edge of the ledge.
All these actions prove that he underwent untellable struggles.
2. Your parents sometimes behave like the young bird’s parents. They may seem cruel and
unrelenting. Does it mean that they do not care for you? Explain your views about it with
reference from the story.

Yes, my parents sometimes behave like the young bird’s parents, behaving cruel and unrelenting.
I don’t think this as cruel and unrelenting. Rather I would think they are doing good to me. As my parents
have more experience in life, I would first express my feeling or views. If they still are unrelenting, I
Prose
would sit up with them and try to understand what they are trying to do for me. As a teen, my feeling
would be to follow what I feel, but at the same time I would try to give a second thought to it. And I
know one thing for sure that my parents always think of my wellbeing and goodness. Even if certain
things are risky or scary, I will follow my parents’ word. I know that if the seagull had listened to his
parents earlier, he would have gone along with his parents for perfecting the art of flight, catching and
tearing fish, sharpening beak and so on. He did not understand that he had his inborn potential to fly.
I would certainly listen to my parents’ word and do what they tell me to do.
UNIT 1
13
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
ADDITIONAL PARAGRAPH
10 Answer the following question in a paragraph of about 100-150 words.
1. Describe the effort taken by the mother to prompt the young seagull to fly.

His First Flight
The seagull’s mother was very much worried about her son’s inhibitions about flying. It was she
who was behind the seagull’s first flight. When the seagull was afraid of flying out, the mother came up
with a beautiful plan of taking the whole family to the plateau, scolding him and threatening to let him
starve, if he does not fly with them. Though the mother was teaching her children the art of skimming
and diving at fish, she kept on looking at his movements on the ledge. She was trying to do all sorts of
things to attract his attention and tempt him to fly. She even tore at a piece of fish in order to attract
his attention. When he cackled, his mother cackled too and looked at him. Even when this trick did not
work, she took a piece of fish to his ledge and suspended herself in the air opposite to him. When she
did so, he dived at the fish and at the time she swooped upwards. He fell outwards and downwards
and his wings spread to fly. Thus the mother’s effort to prompt him to fly was awesome.
B.P.No. 6
VOCABULARY
Read the following sentences.
Set : 1
1. The young seagull uttered a joyful scream. (adjective)
2. The young seagull screamed with joy. (noun)
Prose
3. The young seagull screamed joyfully. (adverb)
Set : 2
1. The young bird pretended to be falling asleep. (verb)
2. The young bird made a pretension of falling asleep. (noun)
3. T he young bird made a pretentious posture of falling asleep. (adjective)
C. Change the parts of speech of the given words in the chart.

UNIT 1
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

exhaustion exhaust exhaustive exhaustively
width widen wide widely
madness madden mad madly
14 perfection perfect perfect perfectly

ENGLISH
D. Read the following sentences and change the form of the underlined words as directed.
1. His family was screaming and offering him food. (to adjective) Ans: screaming
2.
3.
The young seagull gave out a loud call. (to adverb)
The bird cackled amusedly while flying. (to noun)
Ans: loudly
Ans: amusement
10
4. The depth of the sea from the ledge scared the seagull. (to adjective) Ans: deep
5. The successful flight of the bird was a proud moment for the seagull’s family. (to verb)
Ans: fly
E. Use the following words to construct meaningful sentences on your own.
His First Flight

1. coward - Guna is a real coward.
2. gradual - Ramesh’s progress in studies was gradual.
3. praise - I wrote poems in praise of freedom.
4. courageous - David is a courageous boy in the class.
5. starvation - Many poor people in India are dying of starvation.
B.P.No. 7
LISTENING
F. *Here is a travelogue by the students of Government Girls Higher Secondary School,

Pattukkottai after their trip to Darjeeling. Listen to the travelogue and answer the
following questions.
i) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The students visited ...................... city. Ans: Darjeeling
2. ...................... is the third highest mountain in the world. Ans: Kanchenjunga
3. ...................... hill is 13 km away from Darjeeling. Ans: Tiger hill
Prose
4. The drinking water is supplied by ...................... lake to the city. Ans: Senchal Lake
5. After Senchal lake, they visited ...................... . Ans: Batasia Loop
ii) Do you think they had a memorable and enjoyable school trip?
Yes, they did have a memorable and enjoyable school trip, which is very clear from their excitement at
seeing from one thing to another.
UNIT 1
iii) Name a few places that you wish to visit with your classmates as a school trip.
We would like to visit Mysore Palace, Nayagara Falls, Agra and Veegaland (Kochi).
iv) State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. As the sky was cloudy, they could get the glimpse of the Mount Everest. Ans: False
2. The toy train covers 14 km in three hours. Ans: True
15
3. Tiger hill has earned international fame for the best sunset view. Ans: True
ENGLISH
B.P.No. 8, 9
SPEAKING
10 G. Here is a dialogue between a father and his daughter. Continue the dialogue with at
least five utterances and use all the clues given above.
Father : Hi Mary, it has been a very long time since we went on a trip. Let’s plan one.
Mary : Yes, dad. I am also longing to go. Why don’t we plan one for this weekend? Father: Sure.
Tell me, where shall we go?
His First Flight
Mary : Some place nearby but for at least two days.
Father : Hmm… I think we should go to the reserved forest nearby.
Mary : Yeah. I’ve never been to a forest. I have seen a forest only on the TV and movies. The forest
is a good choice!
Father : OK. If we are going to the forest, we must list out what we should carry with us for two
days.
Mary : I think we should carry suitable clothes like, sweater, muffler, scraf and blankets.
Father : What about the food? Do you have any idea, Mary?
Mary : Yeah, For food, I suggest , we take chappathi, puliotharai and bread and jam.
Father : Yeah, that is a good idea. Then, what are the places you suggest we should visit?
Mary : I suggest we should visit the waterfalls and streams which are deep into the forest. There
is an old temple, which was built in 18th century and there is a place where elephants pass
by.
Father : But how can we reach there?
Mary : First we need to get permission from the forest department. If that’s done, we needn’t
Prose
worry about our travel. We will go by Forest Dept. vehicles.
Father : Mary, what kind of clothes do you suggest we should take with us?
Mary : It’s biting cold at night. So we should take sweaters, mufflers, bed sheets, towels and three
sets of clothes.
Father : Need we take boots?

UNIT 1
Mary : Of course, dad. It’s only a footpath at most of the places.
Father : Do you suggest anything else we should take with us?
Mary : Yes, one important thing, we should take First-aid kit and required medicine for any emergency.
Father : That’s nice of you, Mary.
16 Mary : You are welcome, dad.

www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
B.P.No. 8, 9
READING
H. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. 10
BUNGEE - JUMPING
Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a
long elastic cord. The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, bridge or crane; but
it is also possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that has the
His First Flight

ability to hover above the ground. The thrill comes from the free- falling and the rebound. When the
person jumps, the cord stretches and the jumper flies upwards again as the cord recoils, and continues
to oscillate up and down until all the kinetic energy is dissipated.
Jumping Heights, located in Mohan Chatti village, in Rishikesh has been rated as one of the
most preferred bungee jumping destinations in India at a height of 83 meters. It is the only place
in India where bungee jumping can be done from a fixed platform. This is also India’s only fixed
platform Bungee- performed from a professional cantilever, to separate it from entertainment parks,
and create instead, an extreme adventure zone. The Bungee has been designed by David Allardice of
New Zealand.
The Cantilever platform is built over a rocky cliff over-looking the river Hall, a tributary of River
Ganges. Bungee-ing amidst the vastness of nature lends the experience an absolutely breathtaking
quality. Jumping heights is well known for its safety measures and experienced staff. It costs around
Rs 2500 per jump, a bit expensive, but totally worth the experience. The Bungee jumping experience
has been set amidst the astoundingly stunning landscape of Rishikesh. To Bungee jump, one must be
at least 12 years and should weigh between 40-110 kg.
Questions:
1. What is Bungee Jumping?

Bungee Jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a long
Prose
elastic cord.
2. Can Bungee be performed from a movable object? How?

Yes, it can be performed from a movable object such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that has the
ability to hover above the ground.
3. When do you think Bungee becomes thrilling?

Bungee becomes thrilling from the free-falling and the rebound.
UNIT 1
4. What is the experience when one falls off the platform?

When one falls off the platform, the cord stretches and the jumper flies upwards again as the cord
recoils, and continues to oscillate up and down until all the kinetic energy is dissipated.
5. Where is the Bungee jumping point located in India?
Bungee Jumping point is located in Mohan Chatti Village in Rishikesh.

17
ENGLISH
6. What is the minimum age to Bungee jump?

The minimum age to Bungee jump is that one must be at least 12 years and should weigh between
40-110 kg.
10 B.P.No. 8, 9
WRITING
Advertisement
An advertisement is an audio or visual form of marketing communication to promote or sell a product,
service or idea.
His First Flight
An advertisement should include the following to make it attractive.

1. Name of the product / brand / outlet.
2. Address with contact information and websites.
3. Appealing Images (visuals) of the Product / Service / Idea to be advertised.
4. Target demographics / audience / customers.
5. Feel-Good discounts and offers.
6. Colourful Background.
7. Colourful and readable text.
8. Brief and catchy descriptions and benefits about the product.
9. Use borders and lines to organize.
Prose
UNIT 1
18
ENGLISH
I. Prepare attractive advertisements using the hints given below.
1. Home appliances – Aadi Sale – 20-50% - Special Combo Offers – Muthusamy & Co., Raja
Street, Gingee.
10
Muthusamy & Co.,
Home Appliances
Sale • Different Models Dis
20% count
Aadi • Exchange Offer -50
%
His First Flight

• Door Delivery
Special Combo Offers

Raja Street, Gingee.
2. Mobile Galaxy – Smart phones – accessories – SIM cards – Recharge – Free Power banks
on Mobile purchase – No.1, Toll gate, Trichy.
Mobile Galaxy
* Smart Phones
* Accessories
EE
FRr Banks * Sim Cards
* Recharge
ase
e rch
Pow Pu
b i l e
Mo
on
No.1, Toll gate, Trichy.
J. Write a report of the following events in about 100-120 words.
Prose
Report Writing
A report is designed to lead people through the information in a structured way, and also to enable
them to find the information that they want quickly and easily. It is a short, sharp, concise document
which is written for a particular purpose and audience.
Format of a report.
• Title of the report • Who…? (Chief guest,)

UNIT 1
• Report Writer’s name • ow…? (the details of the event like Program,
H
• What…? (name of the event) its impact etc.)
• When…? (day and time of the event) • Use simple sentences in the Past Tense.
• Where…? (venue of the event) • Be brief.
• Why…? (the purpose of the event) • Do not exaggerate the event.
19
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
Here is a sample report on the Annual Sports Day of a school. Observe the format and the
language used.
10 Annual Sports Day

By Charan, X - C
Government Higher Secondary School, Hosur, organized the Annual Sports Day on
August 29, 2018. The event was to inculcate the spirit of sportsmanship and fondness for
sports in children. Approximately 1,000 students participated in the track and field events. The
program began with a prayer rendered by the school choir. Following this, the Headmaster
delivered the welcome speech. The Sports Day was inaugurated by the Chief Guest, followed
His First Flight
by march past, led by the school captain with a placard bearing the School’s name and motto.
Then the much awaited track and field events began. As the events went by, the school campus
reverberated with enthusiastic cheers from the spectators. Many new school level records were
made in 50 metres, 100 metres, and 200 metres races. The merit and participation certificates
were given away by the Chief Guest and Guests of Honour. In his speech, the Chief Guest
praised the endeavours of the school. Then, the Headmaster proposed the vote of thanks. The
event ended with the National Anthem.
1. ‘Educational Development Day’ was organized in your school on 15th July. The District
Collector was the Chief Guest of the event. As part of the event, many competitions were
held and the prizes were distributed to the winners and participants. It was a grand and
successful event. Now, as the member of the organizing committee, write a report on the
event in about 120 words.
Educational Development Day
By Malar, X-A
ABC Higher Secondary School organized Educational Development Day on July 15, 2019.
The motto of the event was to inculcate the zeal for involving oneself for promoting the mission of
educating the poor and aspiring students. As many as 800 students from various schools across the
district took part in the program. The event started off with prayer by Naresh, a Class X student. The
Headmaster delivered the welcome speech. The occasion was inaugurated by the Chief Guest-the
Prose
Honourable District Collector. As part of the event, many competitions relating to education and its
benefits were conducted for the students. There was a Questionnaire session, wherein the participants
asked several questions relating to education and educational opportunities. The winners and runners-
up were honoured with citation and trophies and appreciation certificates were given away to the
participants at the Valedictory function vote of thanks was proposed by a the Principal. It was indeed
a grand and successful event.
UNIT 1
2. You are the School Pupil Leader. You have been asked to write a report on the Inaugural
Ceremony of English Literary Association of your school which was held recently. Write a
report on the same in not more than 120 words.
Inaugural Function of English Literary Association
By Hariharan, SPL
Champion Higher Secondary School inaugurated English Literary Association (ELA) in the
20 school premises on August 12, 2018. The aim of this event was to inculcate the zeal to learn and speak
ENGLISH
English language fluently in our day-to-day life. The students classes VI and above took part in the
inaugural ceremony. The school invited Prof. Manickam as the Chief Guest to inaugurate the ceremony.
The Chief Guest in his inaugural address emphasized the importance of English language in our day
to day life and for employment. Today all jobs require Communicative English as the first prerequisite.
Our degrees after our names do not matter. Hence it has become obligatory that we learn English
10
for various purposes such as communicating, expressing one’s creativity, jobs and so on, he added.
Welcome address was delivered by the Secretary of the ELA Master Febin. Vote of thanks was proposed
by Ms. Divya of Class X-B. To mark the occasion a lot of literary competitions were held and winners
were given away prizes by the Chief Guest. Also, book stall was put up near the venue of the event. It
was indeed a memorable event at school.
His First Flight

3. You are the Coordinator of the Science Forum of your school. An event had been organized
on account of National Science Day for the members of the forum. Now, write a report on
the observation of “National Science Day” at your school.
National Science Day
By Karim, Class X-C-Coordinator of Science Forum
Government Girls Higher Secondary School organized The National Science Day on
February 28, 2018 on its school premises, inviting young ISRO scientist Ms. Pooma as the chief guest.
The event started off with prayer in Tamil by a Class X student. The aim of this massive event was
to instill scientific temperament in children at a very young age. The school had invited neighbouring
schools to take part in it. Approximately, 1000 students participated in it. Students put up a lot of
cultural programs like skit, song, dance etc., to mark the occasion. The Chief Guest in her address
urged students to cultivate scientific temperament and to study science seriously and enjoy it from a
young age. She also motivated students to become scientists to develop the nation. As part of the
event a Science Exhibition was organized by the students with working and non-working models which
captivated the viewers’ attention. A quiz contest was conducted and the winners were awarded medals
and certificates. The Headmaster delivered the welcome address while a Class X student proposed vote
of thanks. It was a grand and successful event.
B.P.No. 12
GRAMMAR
Prose
Modals
• We have already learnt about Modals in Class IX. Now, let us revise.
• A modal verb is used to indicate modality (that expresses a speaker’s general intention) i.e.
likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation, advice etc.
• We use modals to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible.
UNIT 1
• Modals are can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to, need,
used to & dare to.
A. Complete these sentences using appropriate modals. The clues in the brackets will
help you.
1. When I was a child, I ................... climb trees easily but now I can’t. (ability in the past)
21
Ans: could
ENGLISH
2. I ................... win this singing contest. (determination) Ans: can

3. You ............. buy this book. It is worth buying. (advice or suggestion) Ans: could
4. Poongothai ................... speak several languages. (ability in the present)Ans: can
10 5. I swear I ................... tell lies again. (promise) Ans: will not
6. My father ................... play badminton in the evenings when he was at college. (past habit)
Ans: used to
7. You ................... do as I say! (command) Ans: must

His First Flight
8. ................... I have another glass of water? (request) Ans: may/can
9. Sibi has not practised hard but he ............... win the race. (possibility) Ans: can
10. We ................... preserve our natural resources. (duty) Ans: ought to
B. Rewrite the following sentences by rectifying the errors in the use of modals.
1. Would I have your autograph?
May I have your autograph?
2. I can be fifteen next April.

I will be fifteen next April.
3. Take an umbrella. It should rain later.

Take an umbrella. It may rain later.
4. The magistrate ordered that he might pay the fine.

The magistrate ordered that he must pay the fine.
5. Make me a cup of tea, shall you?

Make me a cup of tea, will you?
Prose
6. You may speak politely to the elders.

You ought to speak politely to the elders.
7. You will get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.

You should get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.
8. We could grow vegetables in our kitchen garden but we don’t do it now.

UNIT 1
We can grow vegetables in our kitchen garden but we don’t do it now.
9. Must I get your jacket? The weather is cold.

Can I get your jacket? The weather is cold.
10. Could the train be on time?

22
Will the train be on time?
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
C. Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks with suitable modals.
Dad : Shall we go out for dinner tonight?
Charan : Yes, Dad. We shall go to a restaurant where I can have some ice cream.
10
Dad : OK. Then, I will be home by 7 p.m. Mom and you should be ready by then.
Charan : Sure. We will. My friend told me that there is a magic show nearby. Will you please take
us there?
Dad : We will not have time to go for the magic show, I suppose. If we have enough time left,
we will plan.
His First Flight

Charan : By the way, should we inform our gate keeper about our outing?
Dad : Yes, we should so that he will be aware we aren’t at home.
Charan : Shall i call up Mom and tell her about our plan today?
Dad : You ought to. Otherwise, we might be in trouble when she returns home.
Charan : Hmm… by the time you come home in the evening, we will be waiting for you. Hope you
won’t be late. Bye.
D. Read the following dialogues and supply appropriate modals.
Student : Can we leave our bags in the class during the break?
Teacher : Yes, you can but arrange them neatly.
Passenger : My child is 6 years old. Do I have to buy him a ticket?

Conductor : Yes, you must. It costs half of the price of an adult ticket.
Vani : Can we go for coffee after the meeting?

Yoga : No, I can’t. I have to go home.
Prose
Salesman : When will i receive my order?
Customer : I can assure you sir, the order will be delivered tomorrow.
Neela : Do you think I should write about my education background in the
resume?
UNIT 1
Preethi : Yes, you should. You can get a better job.
23
ENGLISH
Imagine you have been to Thanjavur recently. Based on your experience and the
data given below about Thanjavur, suggest and guide your friend who wishes to visit
Thanjavur and places nearby, using modals in your sentences.
10 Trains towards Places to visit in Places around Unique Products of

Thanjavur Thanjavur Thanjavur Thanjavur
• Uzhavan Express •B
rihadeeswarar Temple • Thiruvaiyaru • Art Plates
• Mannai Express (Big temple) • Kumbakonam • Paintings
• Madurai Express • Museum • Kallanai Dam • Bronze Statues
• Saraswathi Mahal (Library) • Poondi (Church) • Dancing Dolls
His First Flight
• Palace • Manara Pattukkottai
E. Here are a few sentences already done for you. The clues given would be helpful to/
make more sentences on your own.
1. I would suggest that you take the Uzhavan Express to Thanjavur from Chennai.
2. You will be more comfortable if you could book 3 tier A/C.
3. You could enjoy if you visit the museum.
4. You should visit the Big Temple.
5. You mustn’t miss Saraswathi Mahal.
6. You can buy beautiful paintings.
7. You should visit Poondi / St. Mary’s Basilica
8. You must visit Kallanai / Grand Anicut
9. You can see the palace built by Chola King.
10. You could buy art plates and Toys.
Active and Passive

In Class IX, we have already learnt about Active and Passive Voices. Now, we shall learn some more
Prose
forms of the voice.

Let us recall
When we give importance to what people and things do, we use active verb forms. When
we give importance to what happens to people and things, we often use passive verb forms.
F. Change the following sentences to the other voice.

UNIT 1
1. The manager appointed many office assistants.

Many office assistants were appointed by the manager.
2. You are making a cake now.

A cake is being made now by you.
3. That portrait was painted by my grandmother.

24
My grandmother painted that portrait.
ENGLISH
4. Malini had bought a colourful hat for her daughter.

A colourful hat had been bought by Malini for her daughter.
5. They have asked me to pay the fine.

I have been asked to pay the fine by them. 10
6. The militants were being taken to prison by the police.
The police were taking the militants to prison.
7. His behaviour vexes me.

I am vexed at his behaviour.
His First Flight

8. Rosy will solve the problem.
The problem will be solved by Rosy.
9. Our army has defeated the enemy.

The enemy has been defeated by our army.
10. The salesman answered all the questions patiently.

All the questions were answered by the salesman patiently.
G. Change the following into Passive voice.
1. Please call him at once.

You are requested to call him at once.
2. How did you cross the river?

How was the river crossed by you?
3. No one is borrowing the novels from the library.

The novels are not being borrowed by any one from the library.
4. Will you help me?

Shall I be helped by you?
5. Go for a jog early in the morning.
Prose
You are advised to go for a jog in the morning.
6. Why have you left your brother at home?

Why has your brother been left at home?
7. Nobody should violate the rules.

The rules should not be violated.
8. Someone has to initiate it immediately.

UNIT 1
It has to be initiated immediately.
9. Have you invited Raman to the party?

Has Raman been invited to the party by you?
10. Please do not walk on the grass.

You are requested not to walk on the grass.
25
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
11. Cross the busy roads carefully.

You are advised to cross the busy roads carefully.
12. When will you book the tickets to Bengaluru?

10 When will the tickets be booked to Bengaluru by you?
H. In the following sentences the verbs have two objects namely Direct and Indirect
objects. Change each of the following sentences into two passives using direct object
as the subject in one and indirect in the other.
1. John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill.

His First Flight
a. Jill was given a bar of chocolate by John.

b. A bar of chocolate was given to Jill by John.
2. Pragathi lent a pencil to Keerthana.

a. A pencil was lent to Keerthana by Pragathi.
b. Keerthana was lent a pencil by Pragathi.
3. Sudha told the truth to her friend.

a. The truth was told to her friend by Sudha.
b. Sudha’s friend was told the truth by her.
4. They offered the job to Venkat.

a. The job was offered to Venkat by them.
b. Venkat was offered the job by them.
5. The boss showed the new computer to Kaviya.

a. The new computer was shown to Kaviya by the boss.
b. Kaviya was shown the new computer by the boss.
Prose
I. Rewrite the following passage in Passive Voice. B.P.No. 16
A few days ago, someone stole Ambrose’s motorbike. Ambrose had left it outside his house.
He reported the theft to the police. The police told him that they would try to find his motorbike. This
morning, they found his motorbike. The police called Ambrose to the police station. The thieves had
painted it and then sold it to someone else. The new owner had parked the motorbike outside a mall
when the police found it. After an enquiry, the police arrested the thieves.
UNIT 1
A few days ago, Ambrose’s motorbike was stolen. It had been left by Ambrose outside his
house. The theft was reported to the police by him. He was told by the police that they would try to
find his motorbike. This morning, his motorbike was found by them. Ambrose was called to the police
station by the police. It had been painted by the thieves and then it was sold to someone else. The
motorbike had been parked by the new owner outside a mall when it was found by the police. After an
enquiry, the thieves were arrested by the police.
26
ENGLISH
J. Write a recipe of your favourite dish in passive voice. Remember to list out the
ingredients of the dish you have chosen and their quantity. Use Simple Present tense
to write your recipe.
Recipe for Rava Kichadi 10
Rava Kichadi or Khichadi is considered one of the most famous Breakfast recipe in South
India. It is easily made at home with Rava (Sooji), Vegetables and Spices. It is really a mouth-watering
dish that is served for any meal of the day. It is enjoyed by all of us at the time of breakfast, lunch or
even at dinner. It is generally liked by me at the time of breakfast and this is enjoyed by all of us with
a cup of tea.
His First Flight

In Rava Khichadi Rava/Sooji/Suji is used as a key ingriedient. Sometimes when it is wanted
like rice but not exactly any rice dish, it is substituted with rava. Khichadi made from rava is generally
light in eating when it is compared to Khichadi that is made with rice. When some ghee in this recipe is
added, rava is turned into moisture. In South India, if weddings are attended by us, it will be observed
by us that this is most probably served with sambar and chutney.
K. Write a report of an event held at your school using Passive voice. Use Simple Past
Tense to narrate the event.
Annual Day Celebration
Recently Annual Day was celebrated with pomp and gaiety. The MD of an MNC was invited
as the chief guest. The programme was started with a prayer song which was sung by the school
choir. It was followed by welcome address which was delivered by the Assistant Headmaster. The
chief guest was felicitated with a shawl and momento. After that the annual day report was read by
the Headmaster. To make the audience entertained a lot of cultural programmes were put up by the
students. The audience were highly entertained by the cultural programmes. Prize winners of various
events which were conducted throughout the year were given away prizes. Just before a vote of
thanks, a wonderful skit titled “Save Water, Save Life” was put up by Class X students. And vote of
thanks was proposed by the School Pupil Leader.
Prose
UNIT 1
27
ENGLISH
UNIT
1
POEM
10
Life - Henry Van Dyke
SUMMARY
Poet’s Advice to Readers

Life
The poem is the poet’s own reflection on his life. He is giving advice to the readers from his own
personal experiences. We feel that he is older now reflecting on his younger years. Through the poem,
the poet is admonishing us to live the best life possible.
Zeal to Accomplish Something

The poet wants to live his life looking ahead with a zeal to accomplish something in his life in
course of his life. He is not in a hurry because he wants to enjoy every bit of his life, whether it is
happiness or sorrow, ups or downs, success or failure, as life progresses.
Being Hopeful and Optimistic

The poet advises the readers that one should not mourn the things one has lost in the past nor
should one have fears of the things that may or may not happen in the future. Worrying about the
unpleasant past would not bring any solution. It would further aggravate the situation or further ruin
our happiness. He also uses the phrase ‘the dim past’ which means that the past has always some
unfulfilled or unattained things or failures or setbacks about which we should not worry. We should
rather be hopeful and optimistic about facing the future.
Poem
Life - a Hihg Adventure

The poet goes on to the state that one can travel on to the future with a whole and happy heart
from youth to old age. One should not get stagnated anywhere. Besides, the way of life is not smooth.
It has ups and downs and rough and smooth. If we have willpower and willingness to travel through
those, then life will be a high adventure.
Pursuing One’s Heart’s Desire

UNIT 1
Moreover, it does not matter to him whether the path goes up and down the hill. That is whether
the path is rough or smooth. Whatever may be the path, he believes that his journey will be cheerful.
He will continue to seek what he wanted as a boy – new friendship, high adventure and a crown
(prize). Throughout his quest, his heart will remain courageous and pursue his desires. He greatly
hopes that every turn in his life’s journey will be the best. Persistent effort and optimism is the need of
the hour to face every obstacle in life.
28
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
B.P.No. 18
GLOSSARY
mourning (v) – feeling or expressing great sadness 10
veils (v) – to hide or cover something so that you cannot see it clearly or understand
it
crown (n) – a prize or position offered for being the best
quest (n) – a long search for something that is difficult to find
unreluctant* (adj.) – willing to do something (*This form is generally not used but the poet
has coined it for emphasis)
ADDITIONAL
Life
forward – ahead
hurrying – speeding up/ hastening
dim – not bright/ (here) unpleasant past
holding back – stopping
veils – covers/hides
pays its toll – to harm/damage someone or something

cheer – joyfulness
wind up – arrive or end up
seeking – searching
adventure – unusual and unexpected experience
Poetry Appreciation Questions.
A. Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions that follows.
Poem
1. Let me but live my life from year to year,
With forward face and unreluctant soul;
a. Whom does the word ‘me’ refer to?
The word ‘me’ refers to poet Henry Van Dyke.
b. What kind of life does the poet want to lead?

The poet wants to lead an optimistic life and has a passion to accomplish something in his life in
course of his life.
UNIT 1
2. Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;

Not mourning for the things that disappear
a. Why do you think the poet is not in a hurry?
I think the poet is not in a hurry because he wants to enjoy every bit of his life, whether it is
happiness or sorrow, as life progresses.
29
ENGLISH
b. What should one not mourn for?

According to the poet, one should not mourn the things one has lost in the past or one should
not have fears of the things that may or may not happen in the future.
10 3. In the dim past, nor holding back in fear

From what the future veils; but with a whole
And happy heart, that pays its toll
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
a. What does the poet mean by the phrase ‘in the dim past’?
The poet means by the phrase ‘the dim past’ that the past has always some unfulfilled or
unattained things or failures or setbacks about which we should not worry.
b. Is the poet afraid of future?

No, the poet is not afraid of the future. He is hopeful and highly optimistic about meeting the
Life
future.
c. How can one travel on with cheer?

One can travel on to the future with a whole and happy heart from youth to old age.
4. So let the way wind up the hill or down,

O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy:
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy,
New friendship, high adventure, and a crown,
a. How is the way of life?
The way of life is not smooth. It has ups and downs. If we have willpower and willingness to
travel through those, life will be a high adventure.
b. How should be the journey of life?

The journey of life should be a joyful one, full of unexpected things.
c. What did the poet seek as a boy?

Poem
The poet as a boy sought new friendship, high adventure and a crown (prize).
5. My heart will keep the courage of the quest,

And hope the road’s last turn will be the best.
a. What kind of quest does the poet seek here?
The kind of quest that the poet seeks here is a long search for something that is difficult to find.
b. What is the poet’s hope?

UNIT 1
The poet’s hope is that his heart will remain courageous all through his life and continue to seek
his desires or aspirations. He also hopes that every turn in his life’s journey will be the best.
6. In the dim past, nor holding back in fear

30
To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
ENGLISH
a. Identify the rhyming words of the given lines.

Fear, cheer and whole, toll

10
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;
Not mourning for the things that disappear
a. Identify the rhyme scheme of the given lines.
abba.
ADDITIONAL
Life
Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions that follows.
a. What does ‘me’ refer to?
‘Me’ refers to the poet (Henry Van Dyke)
b. What kind of soul would he like to have?

He would like to have an unreluctant soul.
2. So let the way wind up the hill or down,

O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy,
Still seeking what I sought when but a boy,
New friendship, high adventure, and a crown,
a. Pick out the words that rhyme in the lines.
down, crown; joy, boy
Poem
b. What is the figure of speech employed by the poet?
Metaphor.
3. In the dim past, nor holding back in fear

To youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
UNIT 1
a. Bring out the rhyme scheme used in these lines.

abba.
4. O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy;

a. Pick out the words in alliteration.
Journey, joy.
31
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
b. Mention the figure of speech here.

Metaphor.
5. My heart will keep the courage of the quest.

10 a. Whose heart does the poet refer here?
The poet’s heart is referred to here.
b. Explain the poet’s heart.

The poet’s heart is filled with courage.
ADDITIONAL
Life
Poetic Devices
1. Figure of Speech.
from What the future veils, happy heart, youth and age - Personification.
2. Let the way wind up O’er rough or smooth - Metaphor.

3. The journey will be joy the road’s last turn happy heart that pays its toll - Metaphor.
4. Alliterations :
live, life way, wind
year, year journey joy
forward, face seeking, sought
happy, heart
5. Rhyming Words :
soul, goal down, crown
whole, toll quest, best
Poem
joy, boy
B. Answer the following question in about 80 – 100 words. B.P.No. 19
1. Describe the journey of life as depicted in the poem by Henry Van Dyke.
Title Life
Poet Henry Van Dyke
UNIT 1
Theme Optimism makes the journey of life cheerful
The poet wants to live his life looking ahead with a burning desire to accomplish something
in his life. He neither wants to hurry nor does he want to move away from his goal. He does not want
to mourn or cry over the things perhaps the unfulfilled or unattained things or failures or setbacks of
the past. He instead prefers to live his life with a whole and happy heart which cheerfully travels from
youth to old age. Hence, it does not matter to him whether the path goes up or down the hill. That
32
is whether the path is rough or smooth. Whatever may be the path, he believes that his journey will
ENGLISH
be cheerful. He states that he will continue to seek what he wanted as a boy – new friendship, high
adventure and a crown (prize). His heart will remain courageous and pursue his desires. He hopes that
every turn in his life’s journey will be the best.
10
ADDITIONAL
Answer the following question in about 80 – 100 words.
1. How, according to Dyke, should we take the failures and ups and downs in life?
Title Life
Poet Henry Van Dyke
Theme Optimism makes the journey of life cheerful
Life
The poet wants to live our life looking ahead with a zeal to accomplish something in our life
in course of his life. We should not be in a hurry because we should enjoy every bit of our life, whether
it is happiness or sorrow, ups or downs, success or failure, as life progresses. The poet advises us
that we should not mourn the things we have lost in the past nor should not have fears of the things
that may or may not happen in the future. Worrying about the unpleasant past would not bring any
solution. It would further aggravate the situation or further ruin our happiness. He also uses the phrase
‘the dim past’ which means that the past has always some unfulfilled or unattained things or failures
or setbacks about which we should not worry. We should rather be hopeful and optimistic about facing
the future. In addition, the poet goes on to state that one can travel on to the future with a whole
and happy heart from youth to old age. Besides, the way of life is not smooth. It has ups and downs
and rough and smooth. If we have willpower and willingness to travel through those, then life will be
a high adventure.
C. Based on your understanding of the poem, complete the following passage by the
using the phrases given in the box.
Poem
youth to old age up or down the hill to hurry nor move away
high adventure joyful mourn looking ahead
The poet wants to live his life looking ahead, willing to do something. He neither wants to
hurry nor move away from his goal. He does not want to mourn the things he has lost, not hold back
for fear of the future. He instead prefers to live his life with a whole and happy heart which cheerfully
travels from youth to old age. Therefore, it does not matter to him whether the path goes up or down
the hill, rough or smooth, the journey will be joyful. He will continue to seek what he wanted as a boy
- new friendship, high adventure and a crown (prize). His heart will remain courageous and pursue his
UNIT 1
desires. He hopes that every turn in his life’s journey will be the best.
33
ENGLISH
UNIT
1
SUPPLEMENTARY
10
The Tempest
- An Extract from Charles Lamb’s
SUMMARY
The Tempest
An Island in the Sea

There was an island in the sea, the only inhabitants of which were an old man, whose name was
Prospero, and his daughter Miranda, a very beautiful young lady. She came to this island so young, that
she had no memory of having seen any other human face than her father’s.
Release of Good Spirits

They lived in a cave or cell, made out of a rock; it was divided into several apartments, one of
which Prospero called his study; there he kept his books, which chiefly treated of magic. Upon arriving
at this place which had been enchanted by a witch called Sycorax, who died there a short time before
his arrival, Prospero, by virtue of his art, released many good spirits that Sycorax had imprisoned in the
bodies of large trees, because they had refused to execute her wicked commands. Of these Ariel was
the chief.
A Violent Storm
With the help of these spirits, Prospero could command the winds, and the waves of the sea.
By his orders, they raised a violent storm against a large ship, which was full of living beings like
themselves. It was sinking. He showed this to his daughter, who pleaded with him to save the people
Supplementary
in the ship. He promised no harm was done to the people and everyone was safe.
Betrayal of Trust by Antonio

He started telling her the story that happened twelve years before. He was Duke of Milan and she
was a princess and his only heir. He had a younger brother by name Antonio. He entrusted everything
to him. Being in possession of his power, he had an ambition of throwing him of his dukedom, with
the help of the King of Naples, who was Prospero’s enemy.
The Kind Gonzalo

One day Antonio carried them by ship and after a number of miles out to sea, he forced them
UNIT 1
into a small boat without tackle, sail or mast. The kind Gonzalo secretly placed water, provisions,
clothing and some books. The food lasted till they reached this island.
Plight of Prospero’s Enemies

When Miranda asked Prospero why he raised this sea-storm, he replied that by means of the
storm, his enemies, the King of Naples and his cruel brother were thrown ashore upon this island.
34
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
Test of Ferdinand’s Constancy

When he asked Ariel about how performed his task, he gave a lively description of the storm and
of the terrors of the mariners. The king’s son Ferdinand was the first one to jump into the sea. The
father thought his son was dead. Prospero told Ariel to bring Ferdinand. When he did, Miranda was 10
amazed at seeing him. She first thought it was a spirit. Later when her father said he was a human, she
couldn’t believe her eyes, because she had not seen anyone except her father. Miranda and Ferdinand
had a sudden liking for each other. In order to test their constancy for each, Prospero threw them into
a series of difficulties in their way. First he threatened Ferdinand that he would tie his neck and feet
together and he should drink sea-water, he should eat shell-fish, withered roots, and husks of corns.
Ferdinand resisted this and Miranda pleaded with her father not to do that as she loved him very much.
On another occasion, Prospero had commanded Ferdinand to pile up some heavy logs of wood. Since
The Tempest
Ferdinand was not used to such laborious work, he soon became exhausted. Miranda told him she
would help him if rested, which Ferdinand refused.
Prospero’s Approval of their Love

Prospero stood invisible and was listening to them. Ferdinand told Miranda he was heir to the
crown of Naples and that she should be his queen. Prospero immediately approved their love and left
them all alone.
Transformation of His Enemies

He then learnt from Ariel that his brother Antonio and the King of Naples were famished for lack
of food. Ariel set a delicious banquet before them. When they were about to eat, he made the food
vanish before them. He appeared before them and reminded them of their cruelty in driving Prospero
from his dukedom and leaving him and his infant daughter to perish in the sea. They at once repented
the injustice they had done to Prospero. Then Prospero told Ariel told them to bring them there. He
brought the king, Antonio and old Gonzalo. When he thanked Gonzalo for preserving them, his brother
and the king realized it was the injured Prospero. Antonio asked for his forgiveness. He then told the
King of Naples he had a surprise for him. He opened for the door. He was astonished to see his son
Supplementary
and the daughter of Prospero playing chess. After dismissing Ariel from his service, they all happily left
the island.
B.P.No. 26
GLOSSARY
tormenting (v) – making someone suffer or worry a lot
dreadful (adj.) – extremely bad or unpleasant
duke (n) – a man of very high social rank in some European countries; a king
UNIT 1
deprive (v) – to take something important or necessary away from someone

resistance (n) – the act of fighting against something
fatigue (n) – extreme tiredness
vexation (n) – worry or anger
famished (adj.) – extremely hungry
voracious (adj.) – very eager for something
35
repent (v) – to be very sorry for something bad you have done.
ENGLISH
A. Choose the correct answer. B.P.No. 26
1. __________ was the chief of all spirits.
10 a) Sycorax b) Caliban c) Ariel d) Prospero Ans : (c)
2. __________ raised a dreadful storm.

a) Ariel b) Prospero c) Miranda d) Sycorax Ans : (a)
3. Miranda was brought to the island __________ years ago.

a) fourteen b) ten c) twelve d) five Ans : (c)
4. Prospero ordered Ariel to bring __________ to his place.

The Tempest
a. Gonzalo b. Ferdinand c. King of Naples d

. Antonio Ans : (b)
5. __________ had provided Prospero formerly with books and provisions.

a. Antonio b. Ferdinand c. Gonzalo d. Antonio Ans : (c)
6. The second human being that Miranda saw on the island was __________.
a. Ariel b. Prospero c. Ferdinand d. Gonzalo Ans : (c)
B. Identify the character or speaker.

1. He imprisoned the spirits in the bodies of large trees. Ans. Sycorax
2. He was the chief of all spirits. Ans. Ariel
3. It seems to me like the recollection of a dream. Ans. Miranda
4. I was Duke of Milan, and you were a princess. Ans. Prospero
5. What a trouble must I have been to you then! Ans. Miranda
6. Now pray tell me, sir, your reason for raising this sea-storm? Ans. Miranda
7. I will soon move you. Ans. Ariel
8. I will tie you neck and feet together. Ans. Prospero
Supplementary
9. I must finish my task before I take my rest.” Ans. Ferdinard

10. He repented and implored his brother’s forgiveness. Ans. Antonio
C. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
1. Who were the inhabitants of the island?

The inhabitants of the island were Prospero and Miranda.
2. What powers did Prospero posses?

Prospero possessed the power of magic, with which he was able to release many good spirits from a
witch called Sycorax who had imprisoned in the bodies of large trees.
UNIT 1
3. Who was Caliban? What was he employed for?

Caliban was an ugly monster and son of Ariel’s old enemy Sycorax. He was employed like a slave to
fetch wood, and do the most laborious offices. Ariel had the charge of compelling him to do these
services.
36
ENGLISH
4. Who were on the ship? How were they related to Prospero?

Antonio was the younger brother of Prospero who with the help of the King of Naples deprived him
of his dukedom. There was Gonzalo who had because of his love placed in the boat water, provisions,
apparel and some books. 10
5. Why had Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea?
Prospero created the storm because he had intelligence that his brother, the Duke of Milan, was on a
passing ship. He made the storm by magic to wreck the ship, and interrupt the voyage of the Duke,
because the Duke was an enemy—Prospero himself was the rightful Duke of Milan.
6. How did Miranda feel when her father raised the storm to destroy the ship?
The Tempest
Miranda felt greatly distressed when he raised the storm to destroy the ship. She pleaded with him to
save the ship and people in it.
7. What was Ariel ordered to do with the people on the ship?

Ariel was ordered to report to Prospero on his success in carrying out his command to shipwreck the
King of Naples and his crew in a violent tempest.
8. Give two reasons why Miranda was so concerned about Ferdinand.

First reason was that she had not seen any other men on the island except her father and Caliban.
Secondly she loved him very much. Hence she was concerned about Ferdinand.
9. Why did Prospero set Ferdinand a severe task to perform?

The reason that Prospero set Ferdinand a severe task was to test his constancy for his daughter
Miranda.
10. How was Gonzalo helpful to Prospero when he left Milan?

It was Gonzalo who Prospero dearly remembered when they met again on the island, because it was
Supplementary
he who placed in the boat water, provisions, apparel and some books for Prospero to save his life when
he left Milan.
D. Answer the questions in a paragraph of about 100 – 150 words.
1. Write a detailed character sketch of Prospero.
Title The Tempest

Author William Shakespeare
Theme Forgiveness is sweet revenge
UNIT 1
Prospero is the protagonist, the main character in William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest.
He is adept at magic and uses magic to create storms, provide entertainment, manipulate others,
and exercise power and control over the lives of others. Prospero enjoys knowledge and learning,
particularly the learning of spells. He becomes so entranced by learning magic that he does not notice
his brother trying to take his title and kill him. At times, Prospero is a sympathetic character who is
mistreated by his brother; at other times, he is an unsympathetic character because he uses magic
to control other people. Prospero insists that others should listen to him even when they do not 37
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
want to. Prospero is quite an awesome character, dealing out punishments, treating his servants with
contempt and raising questions about his morality and fairness. Both Ariel and Caliban want to be free
of their master, which suggests he is not easy to work for. They represent the two sides of Prospero’s
10 personality – he can be kind and generous but there is also a darker side to him. Prospero is accused by
Caliban of stealing his island and thus seizing power like his brother. Typically, he is a round character.
2. Narrate how Prospero made his enemies repent to restore his dukedom.
Title The Tempest

The Tempest
Prospero is the protagonist of William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest. He learnt the art
of magic. He is skilled magically and uses magic to create storms, provide entertainment, manipulate
others, and exercise power and control over the lives of others. Prospero enjoyed knowledge and
learning, particularly the learning of spells. He became so entranced by learning magic that he did not
notice his brother trying to take his title and kill him. When he learnt that his brother had wronged
him, which was why he was in the island, he was waiting for an opportunity to retaliate. Now he learnt
through his intelligence that his brother, the Duke of Milan, was on a passing ship. Since he had the
magical powers, he made the storm wreck the ship, and interrupt the voyage of the Duke, because
the Duke was an enemy—Prospero himself was the rightful Duke of Milan. When this happened the
crew on the ship was washed ashore. When Ariel told them the injustice they had caused their master,
Antonio and the King of Naples repented and they asked for forgiveness. Prospero forgave them.
Antonio promised he would restore his dukedom. Thus Prospero made his enemies repent to restore
his dukedom.
ADDITIONAL PARAGRAPH
Supplementary
1. Draw a pen – picture of the character of Miranda.
Title The Tempest

Miranda, a very beautiful young lady, was the daughter of Prospero. She came to this
island so young, that she had no memory of having seen any human face other than her father’s. She
lived in a cave, made out of a rock with her father. With the help of spirits, Prospero could command
the winds, and the waves of the sea. He raised a violent storm against a large ship, which was full of
UNIT 1
living beings like themselves. It was sinking. He showed this to his daughter, who pleaded with him to
save the people in the ship. She even asked Prospero why he raised this sea-storm. She was amazed
at seeing him perform acts of magic. When Prospero threatened Ferdinand that he would tie his neck
and feet together and he should drink sea-water, he should eat shell-fish, withered roots, and husks
of corns, Miranda pleaded with her father not to do that as she loved him very much. When Ferdinand
became exhausted, Miranda told him that she would help him if rested. All these things indicate that
38 Miranda was a loving and caring person.
ENGLISH
E. Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order.

1. He ordered Ariel to torment the inmates of the ship. 3
2. Miranda was attracted by Ferdinand and had more concern towards him. 7
10
3. Prospero and Miranda came to an island and lived in a cave. 1
4. Prospero forgave them and restored his dukedom, Milan. 10
5. He raised a violent storm in the sea to wreck the ship of his enemies. 4
6. Prospero wanted to test Ferdinand and gave a severe task to perform. 8
7. Using his powers, Prospero released the good spirits from large bodies of trees. 2
The Tempest
8. The King of Naples, and Antonio the false brother, repented the injustice they had done
to Prospero. 9
9. Ariel was instructed to bring Ferdinand, the prince of Naples to his cave. 5
10. Ferdinand was the second human whom Miranda had seen after her father. 6
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
I. Fill in the blanks.

1. There was an (i) …………… in the sea, the only inhabitants of which an old man named
(ii) …………… and his daughter, Miranda, a very beautiful (iii) ……………. She came to this island so
young, that she had (iv) …………… of having seen any other (v) …………… than her father’s.
Answer
i) prospero i) island
ii) human face ii) prospero
Supplementary
iii) no memory iii) young lady
iv) island iv) no memory
v) young lady v) human face
2. With the help (i) ……………, Prospero could command the winds, and (ii) ……………. . By his orders they raised
(iii) ……………, in the midst of which, he showed his daughter (iv) ……………, which he told her was full of
(v) ……………like themselves.
Answer
i) a fine large ship i) of these spirits
ii) a violent storm ii) the waves of the sea
UNIT 1
iii) living beings iii) a violent storm

iv) the waves of the sea iv) a fine large ship
v) of these spirits v) living beings
3. “(i) ……………, Miranda,” continued Prospero, “I was Duke of Milan, and you were(ii) ……………, and my
only heir. I had a younger brother, whose name was (iii) ……………, to whom I trusted everything; My
brother Antonio being thus (iv) ……………, began to think (v) …………… indeed. 39
ENGLISH
Answer
i) Antonio i) twelve years ago
ii) in possession of my power ii) a princess
10 iii) twelve years ago iii) Antonio
iv) himself the duke iv) in possession of my power
v) a princess v) himself the duke
4. Miranda, who thought all men (i)……………and grey beards like her father, was delighted with the
appearance of (ii) …………… ; and Ferdinand, seeing such (iii) ……………in this desert place, and from
(iv) ……………he had heard, expecting nothing but wonders, thought he was upon an enchanted island
The Tempest
and that Miranda was (v) ……………, and as such he began to address her.
Answer
i) the strange sounds i) had grave faces
ii) a lovely lady ii) this beautiful young prince
iii) this beautiful young prince iii) a lovely lady
iv) the goddess of the place iv) the strange sounds
v) the strange sounds v) the goddess of the place
5. When Prospero left them, he called (i) ……………, who quickly appeared before him, eager to relate
what he had done (ii) …………… and (iii) …………… . Ariel said he had left them almost (iv) …………… ,
at the strange things he had caused them (v) …………… .
Answer
i) out of their senses with fear i) his spirit Ariel
ii) to see and hear ii) with Prospero’s brother
iii) with prospero’s brother iii) the King of Naples
Supplementary
iv) his spirit Ariel iv) out of their senses with fear
v) the King of Naples v) to see and hear
II. Identify the character.

1. “Then bring them here, Ariel.” – Prospero
2. “If you will sit down, I will carry your logs the while.” – Miranda
3. “”O my dear lady, I dare not.” – Ferdinand
4. “I left them searching for Ferdinand – Ariel
UNIT 1
5. “I have a gift in store for you.” – Prospero
40
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
III. Match the following.

1. i) Prospero – a) a little angel
ii) Ariel – b) son of old enemy
iii) Miranda – c) Duke of Milan 10
iv) Sycrox – d) imprisoned in the bodies of large trees
v) Good spirits – e) describes lively of the storm Ans: i-c ii-e iii-a iv-b v-d
2. i) Miranda – a) Prospero’s brother

ii) Ariel – b) a kind lord of his court
iii) ship – c) a beautiful young lady
The Tempest
iv) Antonio – d) caught in a violent storm
v) Gonzalo – e) chief of the spirits Ans: i-c ii-e iii-d iv-a v-b
IV. Multiple Choice Questions.

1. They lived in a _________ made out of a rock.
a) cave b) shed c) mansion d) tent Ans : a)
2. There was a _________ in the sea.
a) Rock b) house c) island d) boat Ans : d)
3. The King of Naples was almost as much _________ at the beauty and excellent graces of
the young Miranda.
a) Shocked b) astonished c) saddened d) afraid Ans : b)
4. With the help of these spirits, _________ could command the winds and the waves of the
sea.
a) Ariel b) Prospero c) Gonzalo d) Miranda Ans : b)
5. Twelve years ago, I was the _________ .
Supplementary
a) Duke of Cambridge b) Duke of London
c) Duke of Oxford d) Duke of Milan Ans : d)
6. No, my love, you were a little _________ that did preserve me.
a) Baby b) angel c) goddess d) boy Ans : b)
7. Your innocent _________ made me bear up against my misfortunes.
a) smiles b) anger c) toys d) love Ans : a)
8. Now tell me, sir, your reason for raising this _________ .
a) sea-storm b) question c) answer d) sand-storm Ans : a)
UNIT 1
9. Miranda had never seen a _________ before, except her own father.
a) man b) girl c) animal d) tree Ans : a)
10. …but to try Ferdinand’s _________, he resolved to throw some difficulties in their way.
a) Love b) constancy c) inconsistency d) hatred Ans : c)
41
ENGLISH
V. Mind-map.
1.
Miranda was a very beautiful
There was an island in the sea.
10 young lady.
She came to this island so young, that she

had no memory of having seen any other They lived in a cave (i) ........................
human face than her father’s.
The Tempest
By virtue of his art, he had released

It was divided into (ii) ........................
(iii) .........................
These gentle spirits were ever after

Of these Ariel (v) ........................
obedient (iv) ........................
Answers
i) made out of a rock ii) several compartments iii) many good spirits from a witch
called Sycorax iv) to the will of Prospero v) was the chief
2.
Prospero commanded Ferdinand to pile up Ferdinand was not used to
(i) ......................... (ii) .........................
Miranda pleaded with him to Soon he was found almost

Supplementary
(iv) ......................... (iii) .........................
She would like to (v) .........................
Answers
i) some heavy logs of wood ii) laborious work iii) dying with fatigue iv) take a rest
v) carry his longs the while
UNIT 1
42
www.nammakalvi.org
ENGLISH
3.
When Prospero left them, he called his Ariel said he had left them almost out of
spirit Ariel. their senses with fear.
10
When fatigued with wandering about, he
Just as they were going to eat
had set before them a delicious
(i) ........................
banquet.
This Gonzalo was the same who had The King of Naples and Antonio the false
(iii) ........................ brother (ii) .........................
The Tempest
Grief and terror had so stupefied their Before Prospero left the island, he
senses (iv) ......................... dismissed (v) .........................
Answers
i) the feast vanished away ii) repented the injustice they had done to Prospero
iii) who had kindly provided Prospero formerly with books and provisions
iv) that they did not know Prospero v) Ariel from his service
VI. Reading Comprehension.
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.
1. “Come on, young man,” said Prospero to the Prince; “you have no power to disobey me.”
Prospero had commanded Ferdinand to pile up some heavy logs of wood. Kings’ sons not being much
used to laborious work, Miranda soon after found him almost dying with fatigue. “Alas!” said she, “do
Supplementary
not work so hard; my father is at his studies, he is safe for these three hours; pray rest yourself. “O
my dear lady,” said Ferdinand, “I dare not. I must finish my task before I take my rest.” “If you will sit
down,” said Miranda, “I will carry your logs the while.” But this Ferdinand would by no means agree to.
Questions:
1. What did Prospero say to the Prince?
2. How did Prospero command Ferdinand?
3. How did Miranda find Ferdinand during laborious work?
4. What did Miranda say to Ferdinand?
5. What was the response of Ferdinand?
UNIT 1
Answers:
1. Prospero said to the Prince that he had no power to disobey him.
2. Prospero commanded Ferdinand to pile up some heavy logs of wood.
3. Miranda found Ferdinand fatigued.
4. Miranda said to him to take rest as her father was at his studies.
43
5. Ferdinand refused to take a rest.
ENGLISH
2. “No, my love,” said Prospero, “you were a little angel that did preserve me. Your innocent
smiles made me bear up against misfortunes. Our food lasted till we landed on this desert island,
since when my chief delight has been in teaching you, Miranda, and well have you profited by my
10 instructions.” “Heaven thank you, my dear father,” said Miranda. “Now tell me, sir, your reason for
raising this sea-storm?” “Know then, “said her father, “that by means of this storm, my enemies, the
King of Naples, and my cruel brother, are cast ashore upon this island.” Having so said, Prospero gently
touched his daughter with his magic wand, and she fell fast asleep.
Questions :
1. What did Prospero applaud his daughter?
2. How did Prospero withstand his misfortunes?
The Tempest
3. How long did their food last?

4. What did Miranda ask her father?
5. What did Prospero do to his daughter?
Answers :
1. Prospero applauded his daughter saying that she a little a that preserved him.
2. Prospero withstood his misfortunes because of her innocent smiles.
3. Their food lasted till they landed on that desert island.
4. Miranda asked her father why he raised that sea-storm.
5. Prospero gently touched his daughter with his magic wand and she fell fast asleep.
3. Ariel then went to fetch Ferdinand. “O my young gentleman,” said Ariel, when he saw him, “I
will soon move you. You must be brought, I find, for the Lady Miranda to have a sight of your pretty
person. Come, sir, follow me.” He followed in amazement the sound of Ariel’s voice, till it led him to
Prospero and Miranda, who were sitting under the shade of a large tree. Now Miranda had never
seen a man before, except her own father. “Miranda,” said Prospero, “tell me what you are looking at
yonder.” “O father,” said Miranda, in a strange surprise, “surely that is a spirit, Lord! How it looks about!
Supplementary
Believe me, it is a beautiful creature. Is it not a spirit?”
Questions :
1. When did Ariel go?
2. What did Ariel tell Ferdinand?
3. What did Ferdinand do?
4. Where were Prospero and Miranda sitting?
5. Had Miranda seen a man before in the island?
Answers :
UNIT 1
1. Ariel went to fetch Ferdinand.

2. Ariel told Ferdinand that Lady Miranda wanted to have a glimpse of him.
3. Ferdinand followed Ariel in amazement.
4. Prospero and Miranda were sitting under the shade of a large tree
5. No, she had not seen a man before in the island.
44
www.nammakalvi.org

Namma Kalvi 10th English Unit 1 Full Guide Star English Guide

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Namma Kalvi 10th English Unit 1 Full Guide Star English Guide

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Namma Kalvi 10th English Unit 1 Full Guide Star English Guide

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Namma Kalvi

His First Flight

Captain James Cook

Asia by an ocean route.

and transformed him into a revolutionary.

His First Flight

Realization of his Potential

gnaw (v) – to bite or chew something repeatedly

rooting – firmly established

hatched – (of an egg) opened and produced a young bird

brink – end / edge

plateau – flat terrain

cackle – loud harsh laugh

His First Flight

shrieking – making a high-pitched piercing cry or sound

EXERCISE WITH ANSWER

Choose the suitable synonym of the word underlined.

2. As father and mother had come around calling to him shrilly.

4. The sun was now ascending the sky.

5. Now, there was not a single scrap of food left.

6. His long gray legs stepping daintily.

7. He stepped slowly out to the brink of the ledge.

8. His father was preening the feathers.

9. His mother had swooped upwards.

10. They were beckoning to him.

EXERCISE for SELF EVALUATION

Choose the suitable synonym of the word underlined.

1. He even gnawed at the dried pieces of eggshell.

2. His mother cackled too, and looked at him.

3. His family was screaming, praising him.

4. He uttered a low cackle.

5. Her wings were far shorter than his own.

6. He had been afraid to fly with them.

7. As he passed beneath her, he heard the swish of her wings.

8. He saw a vast green sea.

9. He could not rise exhausted by the strange exercise.

10. Then a monstrous terror seized him.

a) i) link ii) beginning iii) side iv) end

His First Flight

a) i) treated ii) tended iii) feigned iv) loved

a) i) left ii) caught iii) untied iv) raised

a) i) above ii) upper iii) below iv) over

10 d) i) unsteady ii) wavering iii) moving iv) fixed

threatening × safe - guarding

Root Words Synonyms Antonyms

plaintively dolefully joyfully

EXERCISE WITH ANSWER

1. He had been afraid to fly with them

2. Then, he had found a dried piece of mackerel’s tail.

His First Flight

3. How he loved to tear food that way.

4. Their beaks were offering him scraps of dog-fish.

5. They were beckoning to him, calling shrilly, scolding him.

EXERCISE for SELF EVALUATION

Choose the suitable antonyms of the word underlined.

2. She tore at a piece of fish.

4. He waited a moment in surprise.

5. ............. laughing at his cowardice.

1. Why did the seagull fail to fly? B.P.No. 2

A. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two. B.P.No. 5