VINOD SIR’S SCIENCE ACADEMY

4jh Pair of Straight lines

TYPE-I uv=0 to find combined equation.
E.1) Find the combined equation of the E.13) Passing through (−1,2) and
following pairs of lines: perpendicular to the lines
i¿ 2 x+ y=0∧3 x – y=0 x +2 y +3=0∧3 x−4 y −5=0.

ii ¿ x+ 2 y – 1=0∧x – 3 y +2=0 E.14) Passing through (2,3) and

S.3) Find the combined equation of lines
x + y – 2=0∧2 x – y +2=0
S.3) Find the combined equation of lines
x – 2 y=0∧x+ y =0.
perpendicular to lines 3 x+ 2 y – 1=¿0 and
x – 3 y+ 2=0
E.15) Passing through ( – 1,2),one is parallel to
x +3 y – 1=0 and the other is perpendicular to
2 x – 3 y – 1=0.

S.4) Find the combined equation of lines E.16) Passing through the point (3,2), one of
x – 2 y=0∧x+ y =0. which is parallel to the line
x−2 y=2and other is perpendicular to the
M.5) Find the joint equation of lines: line y=3.
i¿ x− y=0∧x+ y =0
E.17) Passing through the origin and
ii ¿ x+ y−3=0∧2 x+ y−1=0. perpendicular to the lines
x +2 y =19∧3 x + y=18.
M.6) Passing through the origin and having
slopes 2 and 3. S.18) Verify that the combined equation of
lines
M.7) Passing through the origin and having 2 x+3 y =0andx – 2 y=0 is a homogeneous
inclinations 60° and 120°. equation of degree two.

M.8) Passing through the origin and having TYPE – II

slopes 1+ √ 3∧1−√ 3 . E .1) Find the separate equations of the lines
represented by following equations:
M.9) Passing through (1,2) and parallel to the i¿ 3 y 2 +7 xy=0
co-ordinate axes.
ii ¿ 5 x2 – 9 y 2=0
E.10) Passing through (2,3) and parallel to iii ¿ x 2 – 4 xy =0
the co-ordinate axes. iv ¿ 3 x2 – 10 xy – 8 y 2=0

E.11) Passing through (3,2) and parallel to v ¿ 3 x 2 – 23 xy – 3 y 2=0

the line x=2∧ y=3. vi¿ x 2+ 2(cosec α ) xy+ y 2=0 Answer in textbook is
incorrect.
E.12) Which are at a distance of 9 units from vii ¿ x 2 +2 xy tan α – y 2=0
the Y - axis.

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S.2) Find the separate equations of lines equation of the pair of lines passing through
represented by the origin and perpendicular
i¿ x 2 – 4 y 2=0 to the lines represented by a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 is
ii ¿ 3 x2 – 7 xy + 4 y 2=0 b x 2−2 hxy +a y 2=0
iii ¿ x 2 +2 xy – y 2 =0
TYPE-IV
2 2
iv ¿ 5 x – 3 y =0 E.1) Find k if,
i) the sum of the slopes of the lines
M.3) Find the separate equations of lines represented by x 2+ kxy – 3 y 2=0 is twice their
represented by the following equations: product.
i¿ 6 x 2−5 xy−6 y 2=0 ii) slopes of lines represent by 3 x 2+ kxy – y 2=0
differ by 4.
ii ¿ x 2−4 y 2 =0
iii) slope of one of the lines given by
iii ¿ 3 x 2− y 2=0 Answer in textbook is incorrect. k x 2+ 4 xy – y 2 =0exceeds the slope of the other
iv ¿ 2 x 2 +2 xy− y 2=0 by 8.

S.4) Find separate equation of lines S.2) Find the sum and the product of slopes
represented by x 2 – y 2+ x + y =0. of lines represented by
x 2+ 4 xy – 7 y 2=0..
TYPE-III
E.1) Find the combined equation of a pair of M.3) Find k if
lines passing through the origin and i) The sum of the slopes of the lines given by
perpendicular to the lines represented by
3 x 2+ kxy− y 2=0 is zero.
following equations :
i)5 x 2 – 8 xy +3 y 2=0
ii)5 x 2+2 xy – 3 y 2=0 ii) The sum of slopes of the lines given by
iii) xy + y 2=0 x 2+ kxy−3 y 2=0 is equal to their product.
iv ¿ 3 x2 – 4 xy=0
iii) The slope of one of the lines given by
S.2) Find the combined equation of the pair 3 x 2−kxy +5 y 2=0 is 1.
of lines passing through the origin and
perpendicular to the lines represented by iv) One of the lines given by
3 x 2+2 xy – y 2=0. 3 x 2−kxy +5 y 2=0 is perpendicular to the
5 x+ 3 y =0.
M.3) Find the joint equation of the pair of
lines through the origin and perpendicular to v) The slope of one of the lines given by
the lines given by :
3 x 2+ 4 xy +k y 2=0 is three times the other.
i¿ x 2 +4 xy −5 y 2=0
ii ¿ 2 x 2−3 xy −9 y 2=0 vi) The slopes of lines given by k x 2+ 5 xy + y2 =0
iii ¿ x 2 + xy− y 2=0 differ by 1.

M.4) Prove that the combined

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vii) One of the lines given by
6 x 2+ kxy + y 2=0 is 2 x + y =0.
M.4) Find a if the sum of slope of lines
represented by a x 2+ 8 xy+ 5 y 2 =0 is twice their
product.
S.5) Find the value of k if 2 x+ y =0 is one of
the lines represented by 3 x 2+ kxy +2 y2 =0.
S.6) Find the value of k, if slope of one of the
lines represented by
4 x2 + kxy+ y 2=0 is four times the slope of the
other line.
M.7) If the slope of one of the lines given by
a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 is square of the other then
show that a 2 b+ a b2 +8 h3=6 abh .
M.8) Show that the difference between the
slopes of lines given by
( tan 2 θ+ cos2 θ) x 2−2 xy tanθ +(sin 2 θ) y 2=0 is two.
TYPE-V To find the Condition or Show
that
E.1) Find the condition that :
i) the line 4 x+5 y =0 coincides with one of the
lines given by a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0.
ii) the line 3 x+ y=0 may be perpendicular to
one of the lines given by a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0.
S.2) Find the condition that the line 3 x – 2 y =0
coincides with one of the lines represented by
a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0.
E.3) If slope of one of the lines given by
a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 is four times the other then
show that 16 h2=25 ab .
E.4) If one of the lines given by
a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 bisects an angle between co-
ordinate axes then
show that (a+ b)2=4 h2
3
E.5) If the slope of one of the lines
represented by a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 is three times
the other then
prove that 3 h2=4 ab .
M.6) If one of the lines given by
a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0is perpendicular to px+ qy=0
then show that
a p2 +2 hpq+b q2=0. Question is modified.
M.7) Find the joint equation of the pair of
lines which bisect angle between the lines
given by x 2+ 3 xy +2 y 2=0
M.8) Find the combined equation of the
bisectors of the angles between the lines
represented by
5 x 2+6 xy − y 2=0.
M.9) If line 4x - 5y = 0 coincides with one of
the lines given by a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0then show
that
25 a+ 40 h+16 b=0.
M.10) If lines represented by
a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 make angles of equal
measures with the co-ordinate
axes then show that a=± b.
M.11) If line x + 2 = 0 coincides with one of
the lines represented by the equation
x 2+ 2 xy + 4 y +k =0 then show that k =−4.
 E.3) Find the value of k if lines represented
by k x 2+ 4 xy −4 y 2 =0 are perpendicular to each
other.

S.4) Show that lines represented by

3 x 2−4 xy −3 y 2=0 are perpendicular to each
other.

S.5) Show that lines represented by

x 2+ 4 xy + 4 y 2=0 are coincident.
TYPE-VI
A homogeneous equation of degree two in x
and y, a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 represents a pair of
lines passing through the origin if h2 −ab ≥ 0. TYPE-VIII
The acute angle between the lines
M.1) Show that each of the following equation represented by a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 is given by
h2−ab
represents a pair of lines.
i¿ x 2 +2 xy − y 2=0
tanθ= √| a+b |
E.1) Find the measure of the acute angle
ii ¿ 4 x 2 +4 xy+ y 2=0
between the lines represented by:
iii ¿ x 2− y 2=0 i¿ 3 x 2−4 √ 3 xy +3 y 2=0
iv ¿ x 2+7 xy −2 y 2 =0
ii ¿ 4 x 2 +5 xy + y 2=0 (Question is modified.)
v ¿ x 2−2 √ 3 xy − y 2=0 iii ¿ 2 x 2+7 xy +3 y 2=0

Nature of line iv ¿( a2−3 b2 )x 2 +8 abxy +(b2−3 a2) y 2=0

S. 1) Show that lines represented by equation
S.2) Find the acute angle between lines
x 2 – 2 xy – 3 y 2=0 are distinct.
represented by:
S. 2) Show that lines represented by equation i¿ x 2 + xy=0
x 2+ 6 xy+ 9 y 2=0 are coincident. (Question is ii ¿ x 2−4 xy + y 2 =0
modified.) ii i¿ 3 x 2+ 2 xy – y 2=0
Exercise 4.2 iv ¿ 2 x 2−6 xy + y 2=0
TYPE-VII Condition for
Perpendicular lines a+ b=0 v ¿ xy + y 2=0
Coincide lines h2 =ab
E.1) Show that lines represented by TYPE- IX
3 x 2−4 xy −3 y 2=0 are perpendicular to each
E.1) Find the combined equation of lines
other.
passing through the origin each of which
making an angle of 30° with the line
E.2) Show that lines represented by
3 x+ 2 y – 11=0
x 2+ 6 xy+ g y 2=0 are coincident.

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E.2) If the angle between lines represented by Find the area of the triangle.
a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 is equal to the angle between
lines M.5) Find the combined equation of pair of
represented by 2 x2 −5 xy +3 y 2=0then show that lines through the origin each of which makes
angle of 60° with the Y-axis.
100(h 2−ab)=(a+ b)2 .
M.6) Show that the combined equation of a
E.3) Find the combined equation of lines pair of lines through the origin and each
passing through the origin and each of which making an angle of ∝with the line x + y=0 is
making angle 60° with the Y- axis.
x 2+ 2(sec 2 ∝)xy + y 2=0.
S.4) Find the combined equation of lines
M.7) Show that the line 3 x+ 4 y +5=0 and the
passing through the origin and making angle
π lines (3 x+ 4 y )2−3(4 x−3 y )2=0 form an
with the line 3 x+ y−6=0. equilateral triangle.
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S.5) Find the combined equation of lines
passing through the origin and each of which
making angle 60° with the X - axis.
TYPE- X
E.1) ΔOAB is formed by lines
x 2 – 4 xy + y 2=0 and the line 2 x+3 y – 1=0.Find
the equation of the median of the triangle
drawn from O.
M.8) Show that lines x 2−4 xy+ y 2=0 and x + y=¿
√ 6form an equilateral triangle. Find its area
and perimeter.
M.9) If the lines given by a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0
form an equilateral triangle with the line
lx+my=1then show that (3 a+ b)( a+3 b)=4 h2 .

S.2) Δ OAB is formed by lines x 2−4 xy+ y 2=0

and the line x + y−2=0. Find the equation of
the
median of the triangle drawn from O.

M.3) Find the joint equation of the pair of lies

through the origin and making equilateral
triangle with the line x = 3.

M.6) Find the combined equation of the pair

of lines passing through the origin and
making an equilateral triangle with the line
y=3 .

M.4) Show that the lines x 2−4 xy+ y 2=0 and

x + y=10 contain the sides of an equilateral
triangle.

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 E.3) Show the equation
2 x2 + xy – y 2 + x +4 y – 3=0 represents a pair of
lines. Also find the acute angle between them.

S.4) Show that equation

x 2−6 xy +5 y 2+ 10 x−14 y+ 9=0 represents a pair
of lines. Find the acute angle between them.
Also find the point of their intersection.

M.5) Show that the following equations

Exercise 4.3
TYPE-XI
Simple Factorization by Substitution
E.1) Find the separate equation of the lines
represented by the following equations :
i¿ (x – 2)2 – 3( x – 2)( y +1)+2( y+ 1)2=0
ii ¿ 10(x +1)2 +( x−1)( y – 2) – 3( y – 2)2=0
represent a pair of lines, find the acute angle
between them.
i¿ 9 x 2−6 xy + y 2 +18 x−6 y +8=0
𝑖𝑖)2 x2 + xy − y 2+ x −4 y +3=0
iii ¿ ( x−3)2+(x−3)( y−4)−2( y−4 )2=0
TYPE-XIV
Condition of perpendicular and parallel
lines : To find p and q.
E.1) Find p and q if the equation
p x2 −8 xy+ 3 y 2 +14 x +2 y +q=0represents a pair
of perpendicular lines.

TYPE-XII E.2) Find p and q if the equation

E.1) Find the joint equation of the pair of
lines:
i) Through the point (2, –1) and parallel to
lines represented by
2 x2 +8 xy + p y 2+ qx+ 2 y – 15=0 represents a pair
of parallel lines.
S.3) Find p and q if the equation
2 x + 4 xy− p y +4 x +qy +1=0 represents a pair of
2 2

2 x2 +3 xy – 9 y 2=0
perpendicular lines.
ii) Through the point (2, –3) and parallel to
lines represented by x 2+ xy – y 2=0
M.4) If equation
a x 2 – y 2+ 2 y + c=1represents a pair of
TYPE-XIII perpendicular lines then find a andc.
E.1) Show that equation
x 2+ 2 xy +2 y 2+ 2 x +2 y+ 1=0does not represent a TYPE-XV
S.1) Find the value of k if the equation
pair of lines.
2 x2 + 4 xy−2 y 2 +4 x +8 y +k =0 represents a pair of
E.2) Show that equation lines.
2 x2 −xy – 3 y 2 – 6 x +19 y – 20=0 Represents a pair S.2) Find the value of k if the following
equations represent a pair of lines:
of lines.
i¿ 3 x 2+ 10 xy +3 y 2 +16 y +k =0
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ii ¿ kxy +10 x+ 6 y+ 4=0 2 x2 +3 xy−9 y 2=0 is¿
iii ¿ x 2 +3 xy+ 2 y 2 + x – y +k =0 A ¿ 2 m2 +3 m−9=0
B ¿ 9 m2 – 3 m – 2=0
M.3) Find the condition that the equation C ¿ 2 m2 – 3 m+9=0
a y 2 +bxy +ex +dy =0 may represent a pair of D ¿ – 9 m2 – 3 m+ 2=0
lines.
4) The difference between the slopes of the
TYPE-XVI
lines represented by
Miscellanies
3 x 2 – 4 xy + y 2=0is¿
E.1) Equations of pairs of opposite sides of a
A) 2 B) 1 C) 3 D) 4
parallelogram are
5) If the two lines a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 make
x 2 – 7 x+6=0∧ y 2 – 14 y +40=0.
angles ∝and βwith X-axis, then tan(α + β)=¿ ¿
Find the joint equation of its diagonals.
h h 2h 2h
(Answer in textbook is incorrect.) A) B) C) D)
a+b a−b a+b a−b
M.2) Prove that the product of lengths of
6) If the slope of one of the two lines
perpendiculars drawn from P( x 1 , y 1) to the
is twice that of the other, then ab:h2= ___.
lines repersented
A) 1 : 2 B) 2 : 1 C) 8 : 9 D) 9 : 8
by a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 is
ax 21+ 2h 2 hx 1 y 1 +by 21
| 2
( a+ b ) +4 h2 | 7) The joint equation of the lines through the
origin and perpendicular to the pair of lines
3 x 2+ 4 xy – 5 y 2=0 is _________.
E.3) Find the co-ordinates of the points of A ¿ 5 x2 + 4 xy – 3 y 2=0
intersection of the lines represented by
B ¿3 x 2+ 4 xy −5 y 2=0
x 2 – y 2 – 2 x +1=0. Answer in textbook is incorrect.
C ¿ 3 x 2−4 xy+ 5 y 2 =0
D ¿ 5 x 2 +4 xy+ 3 y 2 =0
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE : 4
8) If acute angle between lines
I : Choose correct alternatives. π
1) If the equation 4 x2 +hxy + y2 =0 represents a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 is,
4
two coincident lines, then h= _________. 2
then 4 h = _________.
A ¿ ±2 B ¿± 3 C ¿ ± 4 D ¿ ± 5 A ¿ a2 + 4 ab+b 2
B ¿ a2 +6 ab+b 2
(Answer in textbook is incorrect.)
C ¿ (a+2 b)(a+3 b)
2) If the lines represented by k x 2−3 xy +6 y 2=0 D ¿(a−2 b)(2 a+b)
are perpendicular to each other then 9) If the equation 3 x 2−8 xy +q y 2 +2 x+14 y+ p=1
_________. represents a pair of perpendicular lines then
A ¿ k =6 B ¿ k =– 6 C ¿ k =3 D ¿ k=– 3 the values of p and q are respectively
_________.
3) Auxiliary equation of A) -3 and -7 B) -7 and -3

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C) 3 and 7 D) -7 and 3

10) The area of triangle formed by the lines

x 2+ 4 xy + y 2=0 and x− y −4=0 is _________.
4 8
A) Sq. units B) Sq. units
√3 √3
16 15
C) Sq. units D) Sq. units
√3 √3
p2
( Area = where p is length of perpendicular
√3
from the origin x− y −4=0.
11) The combined equation of the co-ordinate
axes is _________.
A ¿ x+ y=0 B ¿ x y=k
C ¿ xy=0 D ¿ x− y=k
(Answer in textbook is incorrect.)

12) If h2 = ab, then slope of lines ax2 +2hxy +

by2 = 0 are in the ratio _________.
A) 1 : 2 B) 2 : 1
C) 2 : 3 D) 1 : 1

13) If slope of one of the lines

a x 2+ 2 hxy+ b y 2=0 is 5 times the slope of the
other, then 5h2 =_________.
A ¿ ab B ¿2 ab C ¿ 7 ab
D) 9ab

14) If distance between lines

( x−2 y )2+ k (x−2 y)=0is 3 units, then k =
A ¿ ±3 B ¿ ±5 √ 5 C ¿ 0
d) ± 3 √ 5