Professional Documents
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Intro High Risk Newborn
Intro High Risk Newborn
POSTURE Lies in RELAXED attitude, limbs are More subcutaneous fat and rests in a more
more extended; body size is small, head flexed attitude
is somewhat larger in proportion than
the body
EAR Ear cartilages are poorly developed; Ear is well formed, hair is more firm and
may fold easily; hair is fine and grows in separates strands
feathery, lanugo may cover the back
and face
SOLE Appears more turgid and may only have Well and deeply creased
fine wrinkles
FEMALE GENITALIA Clitoris is prominent, labia majora is Labia majora are fully developed, clitoris not
poorly developed prominent
PRETERM VS FULL TERM
PRETERM FULLTERM
MALE GENITALIA Scrotum isn underdeveloped and not Scrotum is well-developed, pendulous, and
pendulous, MINIMAL RUGAE are rugated and are down in the scrotal sac
present, testes may be in the inguinal
canal or in the abdomen
SCARF SIGN Infant’s elbow may be easily brought Infant’s elbow may be brought to the midline
across the chest with little or no of the chest, resisting attempts to bring the
resistance elbow past the midline
HEEL-TO-EAR Heel is easily brought to ear with no The maneuver is not possible, there is
MANEUVER resistance considerable resistance
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
SYNDROME
a.k.a HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE
✓Tachypnea
✓Labored breathing
✓Substernal retractions
✓Flaring of nares
✓Radiography
✓L/S ratio
✓Tachypneic
✓Initially cyanotic
✓Chest radiographs
✓Pulse oximetry
✓echocardiography
✓Tracheal suctioning (poor respiratory effort, low heart
rate, poor tone)
✓Ventilatory support
✓IV fluids
✓Systemic antibiotics
❑Obstructive apnea
-airflow ceases due to upper airway obstruction
❑Mixed apnea
-combination of central and obstructive apnea
(*most common)
✓Methylxantines (aminophylline, theophyline,
caffeine)
✓CNS Stimulants to breathing
✓Observe for Sx of toxicity (tachycardia ar rest,
vomiting, irritability, diuresis)
❑“crib death”
❑Etiology: UNKNOWN
Contributing factors:
✓Soft bedding
✓Use of pillow
✓Brainstem abnormality
✓Maternal smoking
Manifestations:
May be seen:
✓Frothy-blood tinged fluid in the
mouth
✓Lying face down in the secretions
✓Hands clutching the sheets
Diagnosis:
✓Autopsy
✓Investigation of the scene
✓Allow the parents to say good-bye