SALT WATER CONVERTED IN TO DRINKING WATER USING

SOLAR PANEL

Submitted by

Name Reg. No
BABU T 12321507
PUSHPARAJ K 12321513
RAJENDIRAN G 12321514
ARUNKUMAR R 12328099
NANDAN S 12328102
RAMADASS R 12328103

Under The Guidance of

S RAJASEKARAN.B.E
LECTURER/MECH

In partial fulfilment for the award of the diploma by the Directorate of

Technical Education, Chennai-600025

DIPLOMA
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PUDUCHERRY - 605 107

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated to Directorate of Technical Education, chennai )

APRIL - 2017
 SALT WATER CONVERTED IN TO DRINKING WATER USING
SOLAR PANEL

Submitted by

Name Reg. No
BABU T 12321507
PUSHPARAJ K 12321513
RAJENDIRAN G 12321514
ARUNKUMAR R 12328099
NANDAN S 12328102
RAMADASS R 12328103

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

S RAJASEKARAN.B.E
LECTURER/MECH

In partial fulfilment for the award of the diploma by the Directorate of

Technical Education, Chennai-600025

DIPLOMA
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PUDUCHERRY - 605 107

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated to Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai )

APRIL - 2017
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PUDUCHERRY - 605 107

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated to Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai )

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project work “Salt Water Converted In To

Drinking Water Using Solar Panel” is a bonafide work done by
Mr. BALAJI M (12321507) in partial fulfilment for the award of Diploma in
Mechanical Engineering of the SRI Manakula Vinayagar Polytechnic College
and who carried out the project under my supervision.

Mr. S RAJASEKARAN.B.E Mr.G.SURESH KUMAR.B.Tech, M.E.,

Project Guide-Lecturer/MECH Head of the Department

Submitted for the Board Examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PUDUCHERRY - 605 107

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated to Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai )

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project work “Salt Water Converted In To Drinking
Water Using Solar Panel” is a bonafide work done by
Babu T 12321507
Pushparaj K 12321513
Rajendiran G 12321514
Arunkumar R 12328099
Nandan S 12328102
Ramadass R 12328103

in partial fulfilment for the award of Diploma in mechanical Engineering of the Sri
Manakula Vinayagar Polytechnic College and who carried out the project under my
supervision.

Mr. S RAJASEKARAN.B.E Mr.G.SURESH KUMAR.B.Tech, M.E.,

Project Guide-Lecturer/MECH Head of the Department

Submitted for the Board Examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deep gratitude to the Honorable Chairman and Managing

Director Shri.M.Dhanasekaran., and our dynamic Vice Chairman

Shri.S.V.Sugumaran., and also our charming Shri.Dr.K.Narayanasamy for

providing an amazing environment for the development and promotion of diploma

education in our college.

We take this opportunity to express our thanks to the Principal

TMT.R.Kanchana, M.E., whose undying sprit is our complementary force, we wish

to place on our records, our sincere gratitude to Mr.G.Sureshkumar, B.Tech,M.E.,

Head of the Department for his encouragement and support to carry out this work

effectively.

We render our whole hearted thanks to our guide Mr. M.Sanjaygandhi, B.E.,

Lecturer who has been the guiding force in completing the project successfully.

We extend our sincere thanks to all staff of mechanical engineering

Department, friends and parents for their encouragement in doing this project.

We wish to express my sincere thanks to those who helped me in making this

project successfully.
 ABSTRACT

The proposed project represents variable control application of induction motor

using microcontroller. Three phase induction motor has proven to be an extremely
reliable electromechanical energy conversion device for worldwide for past years. The
speed control of induction motor is a crying need for the real world industrial
applications. However, there are so many options available for the precise speed
control of induction motor except by changing the frequency. Therefore to achieve the
goal of multi- control operation of induction motor, such as forward, reverse, jogging,
inching, single phase prevention and RYB phase sequence indication.

The multi - control drive is a low cost motor control drive used for medium
power three phase induction motor and is targeted for industrial and electric
appliances e.g. washing machines, compressors, air Conditioning units, electric pumps
and some simple industrial drives. Hardware implementation of this project
comprising of power supply unit, semiconductor switching unit and microcontroller
interface with three phase induction motor.
CHAPTER No. TITLE PAGE No.

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF CONTENT v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS x

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Objective 1
1.2 Limitations of Existing Transformerless Inverter and Step Up DC Converter
Topologies 2
1.3 Advantage of Proposed System 2
1.4 Block Diagram for Proposed System 3
1.5 Scope of this Project 5
2 Literature Survey 6
3 Cascaded Cockcroft Walton Voltage Multiplier 14
3.1 Introduction 14
3.2 Steady-State Analysis of Proposed Converter 18
3.3 Applications and advantages 20
4 Transformerless Inverter 21
4.1 Introduction 21
4.2 Common Mode Leakage Current 24
4.2.1 Features of Transformerless Inverter to Eliminate the CM Leakage Current 27
4.3 Virtual DC Bus Concept 29
4.3.1 Unipolar SPWM 31
4.3.2 Double-Frequency SPWM 32
4.3.3 Current Stress Analysis 36
4.3.4 Current Stress Calculation 36
 4.3.5 Switched Capacitor Optimization 40
4.3.6 Performance Analysis 41
4.3.7 Conduction Losses in the Power Devices 42
4.3.8 Conduction Losses in Switched Capacitors 44
4.3.9 Switching Losses 45
4.3.10 Losses in the Filter Inductor 48
4.4 CM Current Elimination 48
5 Overview of Project 50
5.1 Introduction 50
5.1.1 Steady State Analysis of Proposed Converter 51
5.1.2 Circuit Operating Principle 52
5.2 Proposed Converter with N-Stage CW Voltage Multiplier 53
5.3 Seven Stage Cockcroft Walton Voltage Multiplier 57
5.3.1 Simulation Circuit 58
5.4 Design Considerations of Proposed Converter 59
5.4.1. Capacitor Voltage Stress 59
5.4.2 Capacitance of CW-Voltage Multiplier 60
5.4.3 Simulation Results and Waveform 60
5.5 Simulation and Experimental Results 62
6 Conclusion 73
Reference Paper 74
FIGURE NO TITLE OF FIGURE PAGE NO

1.1 Block Diagram for Proposed System 3

1.2 Proposed Simulation Diagram 4
3.1 CW Voltage Multiplier Operation State a,b,c. 16
3.2 CW Voltage Multiplier 17
3.3 Equivalent Operation Of Switching 19
4.1 Full-Bridge-Based Topologies for the Transformerless Inverter:
(A) H5 Circuit (B) Heric Circuit 22
(C) H6 Circuit with AC By pass (D) H6 Circuit with DC Bypass 23
4.2.1 Transformerless Inverter 26
4.2.2 Transformerless Inverter 26
4.3 Inverter Topology 27
4.4 Virtual DC Bus 29
4.5 Proposed Topology 30
4.6 Unipolar Spwm Proposed Topology 51
4.7 Double Frequency SPWM Proposed Topology 52
4.8 Four State Operations –a,b,c,d. 35
4.9 Equavalent Circuits For Virtual DC Bus 36
4.10 Comparison of theoretical and Simulated Results 39
4.11 Current Path during Commutation
5.1 CW Voltage Multiplier 53
5.2 Mode of operation CWVM with Transformerless Inverter 55
5. 3 Seven-Stage CW Voltage Multiplier Circuit 57
5. 4 Switching Pulse Waveforms 58
5.5 Simulation Circuit- Seven-Stage CW Voltage Multiplier 58
5.6 Transformerless Inverter with Virtual Dc Bus 62
5.7 Input of Transformerless Inverter 63
5.8 Output of Transformerless Inverter with Virtual DC Bus 63
5.9 Simulated Diagram of Cockcroft Walton Multiplier 64
5.10 Input Wave Form 65
5.11 Output of CW Multiplier 65
5.12 Simulated Diagram For Open Loop. 66
5.13 Input of Transformerless Inverter 67
5.14 Output of Transformerless Inverter with Virtual DC Bus 67
5.15 Output Wave Form of Open Loop Simulated Diagram 68
5.16 Simulated Diaram for Closed Loop Response 69
5.17 Input of Closed Loop Response 70
5.18 Output of Virtual DC Bus in Closed Loop 70
5.19 Output of Transformerless Inverter for Closed Loop 71
5.20 Output of CW Voltage Multiplier for Closed Loop Response. 71
SL. NO TITLE OF TABLE PAGE NO

TABLE I Summary of Forced Commutations for the Proposed Topology 48

TABLE II Summary of Forced Commutations for the H5 Circuit 48

TABLE III System Specification of the Prototype 61

TABLE IV Component List for the Prototype 61

 LIST OF ABBREVATIONS

1. CW Cockcroft Walton Voltage Multiplier

2. PV photo voltaic
3. ICML common mode leakage current
4. VCML common mode leakage voltage
5. SPWM sinusoidal pulse width modulation
6. NPC neutral point clamp
7. THD total harmonic distortion
8. Ug modulating wave
9. Uc carrier wave
10. Lf inductor filter
11. Fsc operating frequency
12. Fsm modulating frequency
 Report Preparation Format

Common Points

1. Use 1.5 line spacing.

2. Use font “ Times new roman”
3. Use front size 12 for running text and 14 for title of all chapters.

Order of thesis
1. Front page
2. Bonafide certificate page
3. Acknowledgement page
4. Abstract (1 or 2 pages)
5. Table of Contents
6. Abbreviations
7. List of Nomeculutre
8. List of Figures
9. List of Tables
10. Introduction (chapter 1)
Note: in the introduction chapter, give brief explanation about the introduction the
system and end of this chapter, address the organization of the thesis.
11. Literature Survey (chapter 2)
Note: in this chapter, give the overview of the system with control, applications
criticism of the previous work and end of this chapter, report the motivation of the
work
12. Complete Work (Chapter 3)
Note: in chapter 3 ; start from brief introduction of the entire chapter and finally
address the conclusion.
13. Conclusions (Chapter 4)
14. References
15. Publications