(074) 442-3316 local 141

Name: _________________________________ Date: _________________

Schedule: ______________________________ Group no.: _____________

Experiment No. 2

MEASUREMENT OF DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT

OF A GIVEN VENTURI METER

I. Specific objectives:

1. To measure the coefficient of discharge, Cd of given Venturi meter.

2. To determine the relation between the coefficient of discharge and headloss
between the inlet and the throat of a Venturi meter.

II. Apparatus:

Hydraulic bench Volumetric tank

Venturi meter Weighing scale
Stopwatch

III. Theory

One of the direct applications of Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem is the measurement

of discharge of a steady flow through a Venturi meter. Energy equation is taken
from the inlet (1) to the throat (2) of the Venturi meter. Thus, a discharge
through a Venturi meter can be formulated as:

Q=C d k √ h1 -h 2

The constant k of the Venturi meter is equal to:

A1 A 2
k= √2 g
√ A21− A22
Where Cd - Discharge coefficient of a Venturi meter
h1 - Piezometer reading at the inlet
h2 - Piezometer reading at the throat
A1 - Cross-sectional area of inlet = 530.9 mm2
A2 - Cross-sectional area of throat = 201.1 mm2
g - Gravitational acceleration
IV. Procedure

1. A schematic diagram of flow must be set-up as shown.

bench valve

Venturi meter

Hydraulic bench
Volumetric tank

2. Following the schematic diagram shown, the outlet hose of the hydraulic
bench must be connected to the inlet of the Venturi meter. Then the
collection of water will be through the volumetric tank.

3. Put on the pump motor of the hydraulic bench. The bench valve should be
fully opened.

4. While water is flowing, close the Venturi meter control valve. Notice that
water flows to the piezometric tubes. Be sure that no water leakage is
found at the inlet or outlet or any at the piezometer tapping. Check and
remove all bubbles at the tubes.

5. With the bench valve fully opened and the control valve fully closed, the
water at the piezometric tubes will generally rise on the same level. If
difficulty is experienced in reaching the desired condition, air may be
released from or admitted to the manifold through a small air valve located
at the top of the meter.

6. Fully open the control valve and check if the water level at the first
Piezometer (A, inlet) is just below the upper bar while the water level of the
fourth Piezometer (D, throat) is just above the lower bar. Judiciously adjust
the air pressure through the air valve until the required condition is
attained.

air valve

upper bar

h1 lower bar

h2 control valve

D
A

7. The rate of flow is now measured by collecting water in the volumetric tank,
and while this is in progress, values of h 1 and h2 and the rest of Piezometer
 readings (tubes B, C, E, F, G, H, J, K, L) are read from the scale. Record the
time of collection. To maintain an accurate discharge measurement, it is
recommended that the volume of water collected is more than half the
volume of the volumetric tank. Recall the formula to determine the volume
of collected water,

Wwater = Wvolumetric tank + water – Wvolumetric tank

Vwater = Wwater / mass densitywater

actual discharge, Qa = Vwater / time

theoretical discharge, Qt = k √h 1 -h 2

8. Similar readings must be taken at a series of reducing the values (h 1 – h2),

about ten (10) readings, roughly equally spread in the range of 250 mm to
10 mm.

9. Tabulate all data accordingly.

Table 1. Pressure distribution for each piezometer in millimeters

No. of A D
B C E F G H J K L
Trials (h1) (h2)
1 204 190 106 10 22 88 123 143 157 168 173
2 207 193 117 30 39 101 132 151 163 173 177
3 210 204 163 114 117 150 169 180 187 191 194
4 212 208 183 152 154 173 185 191 197 200 202
5 214 212 203 192 193 196 204 205 208 210 211
6 226 219 178 129 133 167 181 197 203 209 212
7 231 229 203 172 175 194 207 214 219 223 225
8 232 229 206 176 179 196 209 216 220 224 226
9 245 240 179 110 116 164 190 204 214 222 225
10 248 245 228 206 207 219 229 234 237 239 240

Table 2. Measurement discharge and discharge coefficient

theoretica
Volume actual
l
No. of h1 h2 of Time discharge
discharge Cd
Trials (m) (m) water (sec) 104 x Q
104 x Q
(m3) (m3/s)
(m3/s)
1 0.0110 27.77
2 0.0106 30.97
3 0.0104 39.93
4 0.0110 48.53
5 0.0110 79.76
6 0.0144 49.96
7 0.0138 61.27
8 0.0142 65.33
9 0.0112 33.5
 10 0.0116 62.0

Notations:

Qa - Actual discharge
Qt - Theoretical discharge
Cd - Coefficient of discharge
Ww - Weight of water
Vw - Volume of water

V. Computations

Computations shall be done on separate bond papers.

VI. Graphs

On a separate graphing paper, draw a graph of the following: Interpret the

resulting graph.

Graph 1. Variation of height of water, h for each piezometer tapping.

Height of water, h (mm)

A B C D E F G H J K L

Piezometer tapping
Graph 2. Variation of (h1 – h2) with actual discharge, Qa.

h1 – h2, (mm)

Actual Discharge, QA (X 104, m3/s

Graph 3. Variation of coefficient of discharge, Cd with actual discharge, Qa.

 Coefficient of Discharge, Cd

Actual Discharge, QA (X 104, m3/s

VII. Question for further discussion:

1. What would be the effect on the results if the Venturi meter were not
horizontal? Would you make any correction to the piezometer readings if the
meter were mounted with its axis vertical? Why?

2. The experimental results show that there is a pressure drop across the meter
from inlet to outlet, and this pressure drop increases with discharge. Would
there be any disadvantages in using this pressure drop rather than that
between the inlet and the throat for the purpose of calibrating the meter?
Why?

3. Using the value of Cd, which you have obtained by experiment, determine the
throat diameter of a Venturi meter which would measure a discharge 0.40
m3/s in a pipe whose diameter is 0.60 meter having a differential head of
0.80 meter.

VIII. The apparatus used in the experiment.

 Hydraulic Bench Venturi Meter

Volumetric Tank Weighing Scale

Stopwatch

IX. Conclusion