Professional Documents
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Course Project Part 4
Course Project Part 4
ECPI University
Dajreon Roye
b. Two bombs exploded near the Boston Marathon finish line (History.com Editors, 2019).
apart along Boylston Street near the finish line, with more than 5,600 runners still racing. The
devices were concealed in backpacks laden with shrapnel and other explosives and thrown on
the ground amid crowds of marathon spectators.The explosions turned the sunny afternoon
2019).
d. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, aged 19, and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, an age 26, were suspected
1) White supremacists with the KKK "Ku Klux Klan" bombed a church composed mainly of
blacks in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama and killed four young black girls. The explosion
a. At the time of the explosion, the Mayor was pushing for desegregation across the state,
The FBI's Definition of Domestic Terrorism: "Domestic terrorism" refers to activities that
a.i. Involve activities that are threatening to human life and are illegal under federal or state
law; a.ii. Appear to be constructed to (i) intimidate or compel a civilian population; (ii) sway
government's
b. Because it involved harmful activities against human life that violated federal or state law,
The FBI's definition applies to this incident. Bombing a town is illegal, and there were people
engaged. Appear to be aimed to frighten or coerce civilians. The bombing was targeted
against the civilian population known as "Americans." Occur mostly inside the United States'
territorial jurisdiction. Because Boston, Massachusetts and the 16th Street Baptist Church in
Birmingham, Alabama is located in the United States, the definition applies to domestic
Boston Marathon
a. To launch an investigation, some 1,000 federal, state, and local law enforcement personnel
were quickly dispatched. After reviewing thousands of videos and photographs gathered from
security cameras in the area where the event occurred, FBI investigators identified two male
suspects less than two days later. The FBI released surveillance-camera photos of the
suspects, whose names were unknown at the time (History.com Editors, 2019).
c. Later that evening, when law enforcers had finished searching the area, a man from
Watertown went out into his backyard to view his dry-docked boat. He was surprised by the
blood he saw and a hidden person inside the 24-foot vessel who was later recognized as
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev. The local citizen from Watertown quickly contacted 911, and the police
arrived and surrounded the boat where he was found wounded from an earlier gunfight with
the police where he ran over his brother who was filled with gunshot wounds with a stolen
d. Prior to his arrest, Tsarnaev reportedly left a message on the boat declaring that the
counteract for U.S. violence in Muslim nations was the Boston bombing (History.com
Editors, 2019).
Law enforcement retaliated with violence. Two more African-American youths died, one
a. Riots broke out in response to the bombing's indignation. When law enforcement failed to
quell the rioting and protests, the National Guard was called in to take control of the city
(O’Rourke, 2016).
b. Many citizens attempted to bring the culprits of the church bombing to justice by naming
them. Robert E. Chambliss, Thomas Blanton, and Bobby Frank Cherry were all apprehended
Impact on Society
The Boston Marathon Bombing attack was intensively reported on worldwide and
national media and for 11 straight days it was on the front page of the New York Times.
Research revealed that recurrent media exposure to bombing has been linked to greater stress
throughout the U.S. States through a representative US population survey administered 2-4
weeks following the bombing. A further study utilizing a lexicon of the Twitter word emotion
Association in the April 2013 feeds showed that the use of the word 'fear' was significantly
increased on the last day of the search, April 19th, hence a greater feeling of fear.
In short, the bombing had a dramatic adverse effect on well-being. In the days after
the event, the net impact, meaning the difference between the average of good and negative
emotions, decreased. Women were most affected by the occurrence after both a decrease in
good emotions and an increase in negative feelings. This also goes together with research
which reveals that, because of biological and psychological differences, men and women
react to stress differently (Clark et al., 2020). Outdoor activities like active recreation (for
example, sports) dropped following the bomb, as anticipated, although working hours (and
consequently business activity) were not affected (Clarke & Stancanelli, 2016).
The FBI had four KKK members suspected of the bombing two years after the blast,
but witnesses refused to talk and investigators lacked physical evidence. In the 1960s, no
federal charges were eventually filed. This was because people were afraid that their homes
might be bombed. In the aftermath of the bombing, tens of thousands of angry black
protestors congregated at the bombing site. When Governor Wallace ordered police and state
troopers to stop the protests, violence erupted across the city; a number of protestors were
arrested, and two young black men were slain (one by a police officer) right before the
Later, during the funeral for three of the girls, Martin Luthor King addressed an
audience of 8,000 people, adding to the growing public fury across the country. Despite the
fact that the legal system took its time to deliver justice, the 16th Street Baptist Church
bombing had a swift and effective impact. Outrage over the killings of the four young black
girls helped organize support for the ongoing campaign to end segregation, resulting in the
1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. In that key sense, the bombing's
outcome was the absolute opposite of what its culprits aimed for (Zhang, 2020).
References
https://media.africaportal.org/documents/Addressing-Terrorism-Threats-around-the-G
lobe.pdf
Clark, A. E., Doyle, O., & Stancanelli, E. (2020). The Impact of Terrorism on Individual
Well-Being: Evidence from the Boston Marathon Bombing. The Economic Journal,
Clarke, A., & Stancanelli, E. (2016, April 26). Well-being and economic activity after the
activity-after-boston-marathon-bombing
CNN. (2019, October 08). 1963 Birmingham Church Bombing Fast Facts.
https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/13/us/1963-birmingham-church-bombing-fastfacts/ind
ex.html
https://www.history.com/topics/1960s/birmingham-church-bombing
O’Rourke, T. (2016, September 16). Chronicle Covers: The sickening Birmingham church
bombing. https://www.sfchronicle.com/chronicle_vault/article/Chronicle-Covers
The-sickeningBirmingham-church-9213737.ph
Zhang, A. (2020, November 9). The Birmingham Church Bombings and How It Affected the
a-history-of-injustice-c6c859e00ef7