DWDM: is a fiber Optic transmission Technique that employs light wavelength to transmitt data.

DWDM uses FDM,

while SDH use TDM technology.DWDM not depends on SDH, but SDH depends on DWDM. We use DWDM as a
transmission medium.

Why DWDM: DWDM permitts rapid N/w deployment and significant N/w cost reduction. Use of DWDM allows
deployment of less fiber and hardware with more bandwidth.

DWDM systems allow many discrete transport channels to be carried over a single fiber pair.
Nine discrete channels share the fiber pair with an aggregate bandwidth of 90 Gb/s.

DWDM spaces the wavelengths more closely than does WDM.

DWDM has a greater overall capacity.
DWDM common spacing may be 200, 100, 50, or 25 GHz with a channel count reaching up to 128 or
more channels at distances of several thousand kilometers, with amplification and regeneration along
such a route.
components of a DWDM optical network are:
1. Transmitter (transmit transponder): - Changes electrical bits to optical pulses
2. Multiplexer/demultiplexer: Combines/separates discrete wavelengths
3. Amplifier: - Preamplifier boosts signal pulses at the receive side
- Postamplifier boosts signal pulses at the transmit side (postamplifier) and on the receive side
(preamplifier)
- In line amplifiers (ILA) are placed at different distances from the source to provide recovery of the signal
before it is degraded by loss.
1. Optical fiber (media): Transmission media to carry optical pulses.
Many different kinds of fiber are used

OptiX OSN 8800 Intelligent Optical Transport Platform

The OptiX OSN 8800 is mainly deployed on national backbones, regional/provincial backbones, and
metropolitan core sites. It is an intelligent OTN product that integrates technologies such as WDM/OTN,
ROADM, T-bit switch, ASON/GMPLS, 40G/100G, and powerful OAM.
A total of 32 slots are provided for each subrack to support access.
The OptiX OSN 8800 T16 subrack provide 25 slots
The OptiX OSN 8800 T32 subrack provide 50 slots
The OptiX OSN 8800 T64 subrack provide 93 slots

1830 pss 16: Used as a repeater site. 2 Amplifier cards on slot 3 & 4. Amplifier card contain below code:
Line port, Signal port, DCM Port.
Line port: Each 100 km we install repeater site. OSP fiber drop at line port through ODF (TX-RX).Pss-16 is line ODF
bcz it’s a repeater site. Usually used on Highways.
1830 pss 32: Amplifier card is install on slot 2 & 17 (line port). Slot 2 (signal port) contain DCN signal port. Any SFP
is installed e.g; 40GB, 10GB, 4GB,……. Mostly used for 10G SFP. PSS32 is client & line ODF.
11*1: Single tuneable any data rate. 1 is the client port
11 DPM 12: Dual plug multirate. 12 is the client port.
1830 pss 36: Also known as OTN. 100GB data is transmitted.

SFP (Small form factor plugable): Multimode & Single mode. SFP is a fiber optic transceiver.
For Multimode fiber the SFP module is called SX for short distance & Freq; is 850nm & for Single mode fiber the
SFP module is called LX (Long Haul)for long distance Freq: is 1310nm (LX: Long hole).
Conventional TDM & DWDM Transmission syster-----10GBps:
In TDM transmission if we have 4 fiber pairs, After 40Km of each we need 32 Regenarators.while in DWDM
transmission for one fiber pair we need 4 Optical Amplifiers n 120KMs.
ADM-1660: PDH supported & capacity is 10GB.(Receive & drop). Used as Amplifier for long distance.
Total Slots: 41.(for Cards).
Slots 1-5: pdh supported. & slot # 22(we can login) Eque card.(PQ2 & EQC card)
Slot 23: (Active)Matrix card. For supervision and cross connection.
Slot 40(Standby) Matrix card.
Slot 28,34,38: CO64 Card. (long SFP Module)
Slot 28, 39: Iza card (Iza IS4, & IZA IS16) for 3G traffic.
Slot 11: Service cards.
Slot 10, 12: Congi Car.
2 FAN units are down installed. DC power is 63 Amp.

ADM-1662: Also PDH supported & capacity is 2.5 GB(Mostly used in city) for short distance. Total Slots:
20 (for cards).
Slot 1-3: PDH supported. & Slot 6 & 15 (Active & Standby)Synthx 16. We login through slot 16.
Slot 9: Congi card. (for alarms indications)
Slot 10: Service cards
2 FAN units are down installed. DC power is 32 Amp.

ADM-1678: Only SDH supported & capacity is 40 G. (Main Backbone). Total Slots: 20 (for cards).
Slot 1-20: Flc Service cards. From slot 1 we login.
Slot 10-11: Matrix cards. (for cross connection) 3g data monitoring.
2 FAN units are installed up & down DC power is 80/100 Amp.

TOTAL ALARMS:
(LOS) Low power received
(RUP) Replacement unit problem. When card is faulty
(DS) Degrated Signal. Even power is received but packets and frames are droped. Alarm clear when we
hard reset or clean the fiber.
(RUM) Replace unit missing or Mismatch. Alarm occurred when SFP wrong part # is installed.
(RDI) Remote detect indication. Far end Alarm
(URU) Underline resource unavailable. When both matrix cards are faulty.
(ILM) Internal link monitor. Mostly when internal communication disturb b/w the cards. Occurred due to
matrix, synthex card.

For Software Up gradation: Usually flash is installed in EQ2 & Synthex cars. We find flash mostly in 1660
& 1662. In 1678 Hard drive (20GB) is installed installed for backup.

ANALYZERS (XFO, BIRD (T-BIRD 6000 & 8000, JDSU-with many types.<JDSU-2872 is Ethernet
Analyzer.
Test through Analyzers: Throughput test, Latency test, Ping test, Ring Test.

Latency: Means for a Packet of data, how much time it takes to get from one designated point to another.
Ideally latency is as closed to zero as possible.
In transmission the Optical Fiber itself introduces some delay, which varies from one medium to another.

Throughput test: In data transmission, throughput is the amount of data moved successfully from one
place to another in a given time period .

Ping test: In ping test we need source & destination IP Address.

Types of Protection: Two types of protection

1. MSP
2. SNCP
1. MSP (Multiplex Section Protection): <Ring & Linear>
For more than two nodes we configure MSP Ring. MSP Linear is configured for two
NODES. Maximum # of Nodes in MSP Ring are 16.
Capacity of traffic in MSP much more than SNCP.

2. SNCP (Sub N/w configuration Protection): SNCP is better than MSP due to less
switching time, But has less capacity. (Total Capacity is STM-N)

Capacity for Synchronous Transport Module (STM):

STM-1 [155Mbit/s]
STM-4 [622Mbit/s]
STM-16 [2.5Gbit/s]
Stm-64 [10Gbit/s]

Flash Card Used in Alcatel ADM: It has the configuration of NODE & Software. Without a
flash card we can’t do any configuration or connect to NODE.
Removal of Flash Card don’t effect the Traffic on NODE.