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Chapter 4 Planning For Earthwork
Chapter 4 Planning For Earthwork
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Planning for Earthwork
Construction
1000
500
- 500
- 1000
0 + 00 1 + 00 2 + 00 3 + 00 4 +00 5 + 00 6 + 00
1000
- 500
- 1000
0 + 00 1 + 00 2 + 00 3 + 00 4 +00 5 + 00 6 + 00
MASS DIAGRAM PLOTTING
1000
500
STATION 1 +00
0
- 405 CY
- 500
- 1000
0 + 00 1 + 00 2 + 00 3 + 00 4 +00 5 + 00 6 + 00
MASS DIAGRAM PLOTTING
1000
500
STATION 3 +50
518 CY
0
- 500
- 1000
0 + 00 1 + 00 2 + 00 3 + 00 4 +00 5 + 00 6 + 00
MASS DIAGRAM PLOTTING
- 500
- 1000
0 + 00 1 + 00 2 + 00 3 + 00 4 +00 5 + 00 6 + 00
MASS DIAGRAM
1000
Embankment requirements
500
exceeds excavation quantity.
0
-500
- 1000
Descending lines
0 + 00 1 + 00 2 + 00 3 + 00 4 +00 5 + 00 6 + 00
MASS DIAGRAM
1000
-500
- 1000
Excavation exceeds embankment
requirements
0 + 00 1 + 00 2 + 00 3 + 00 4 +00 5 + 00 6 + 00
MASS DIAGRAM
1000
CUT FILL
500
V
O C
L C
U Y 0
M
E
-1000
500
-500
- 1000
Excavation quantity equals
0 + 00
embankment requirement..
1 + 00 2 + 00 3 + 00 4 +00 5 + 00 6 + 00
MASS DIAGRAM
Maximum and minimum points
Maximum is where the cut
transitions into fill.
Minimum is where the fill
transitions into cut.
MASS DIAGRAM
1000
-500
- 1000
Transition point
0 + 00 1 + 00 2 + 00 3 + 00 4 +00 5 + 00 6 + 00
MASS DIAGRAM
Final position
500 410 cy
waste
cy
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 90 cy
Stations borrow
Above the zero line indicates waste.
Below the zero line indicates borrow.
MASS DIAGRAM
Is a graphical means for measuring
haul in terms of station yards.
• Ascending lines?
• Descending lines?
• Crossing the zero volume line?
• Max. and min. points?
• Final position?
Economical Haul Distances
Machine type Economical
haul distance
Large dozers, Up to 300 ft
pushing material
Push-loaded scrapers 300 to 5,000 ft
Trucks > than 5,000 ft
Mass Diagram With a Balance Line
Haul Distances
Page 81
Haul Distances
Average haul = area / quantity (cy)
Stations
Haul 1 11,459 bcy 3+51 40,221 sta-cy
Haul 2 5,590 bcy 3+35 18,727 sta-cy
Haul 3 17,080 bcy 12+51 213,654 sta-cy
34,129 bcy 272,602 sta-cy
Stations
Haul 1 11,459 bcy 3+51 40,221 sta-cy
Haul 2 5,590 bcy 3+35 18,727 sta-cy
17,049 bcy 58,948 sta-cy
58,948 sta-cy = 3.5 stations
17,049 bcy