IMPACT OF K-12 PROGRAM AMONG GRADE 10 STUDENTS IN THE

EDUCATIONAL PROCESS SCHOOL YEAR 2016-2017

A Thesis

Presented to the Senior High School Department

Lucena City National High School

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the

General Academic Strand 2

PERDIDO’s GROUP

January 2017
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Department of Education (DEPED) requires the Grade 10 students to take the Senior

High School (SHS) before taking a college degree. Most of the students are unaware about

the new system of education. Therefore, this study is focused on the impact of K-12 program

among Grade 10 students in the educational process to provide some concept about the said

topic.

Increasing the number of years for basic education helps improve the students’

intellectual ability. According to the Republic Act No. 10533 Sec. 2. The State shall establish,

maintain and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the

needs of the people, the country and society-at-large. Likewise, it is hereby declared that

every graduate of basic education shall be an empowered individual who has learned, through

a program that is rooted on sound educational principles and geared towards excellence, the

foundations for learning throughout life, the competence to engage in work and be productive,

the ability to coexist in fruitful harmony with local and global communities, the capability to

engage in autonomous, creative, and critical thinking, and the capacity and willingness to

transform others and one’s self. (Deped.gov.ph/k-to-12)

Enhanced Basic Education is the best method to strengthen the students’ capability and

improve their self-actualization, therefore developing them to be productive citizens. It

moreover, provides assistance to students in determining what professional careers are

available for them.

 Department of Education (DEPED) shall formulate the design and the details of the

enhanced basic education curriculum. It shall work with the Commission on Higher Education

(CHED) to craft harmonized basic and tertiary curricula for the global competitiveness of

Filipino graduates. To ensure college readiness and to avoid remedial and duplication of basic

education subjects, the DEPED shall coordinate with the CHED and the Technical Education

and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). (Sec.5. Development of Curriculum)

The students who will graduate a degree after completing the enhanced basic K-12

program will be considered as professionals not only in our country but also in other countries

because we are following the international education system. To add, the students who had

undergone the 2-year program are also considered well-practiced and well-prepared because

Senior high school students can improve their expertise in the area that they are interested in

this curriculum. With this, the students who will undergo the program will have the specific

job-related skills they need even without a college degree with the help of TESDA.

As students, the researchers knew that learning the importance of K-12 program is very

essential because it can help them improve their lives and their abilities, skills and knowledge

particularly the students’ macro skills. It also provides a specific specialization that will

boosts intelligence, nurture students’ excellence and helps promote appreciation to education

system. Students should give more attention in the new system of education for them to

sustain interest in learning. As such, they have a better chance for a good future, since they

will find a good job when they graduated. Furthermore, through learning the significance of

the Senior high school program, students will recognize its advantages not only to them but

also to the country in order to become globally competitive.

Background of the Study

Grade 10 students are required by the Department of Education to take the additional two

(2) years in high school which we called Senior High School (SHS) before taking the tertiary

level. Some of the students are unfamiliar about the new system of education in the

Philippines. Therefore, this study helps the students and parents to intensify the K-12

program.

Based on the experiences of the researchers while taking Senior High School they found

out that they have difficulties about answering some questions because they have poor

vocabulary, that’s why they have difficulties to find out the answer to the question. Moreover,

the researchers knew that their reading skills and abilities are not right to their ages

specifically in English subject (such as grammar and spelling) are not yet develop.

Filipinos are known to be competitive in the international community. However, our

current education system hinders us from becoming even more competitive because it is

provide an incomplete competency which is not enough to students. As a result, the students

would not able to proceed in college degree because they are inadequate.

In this regard, through this study the students will be informing on the system of Senior

High School program. The researchers wanted to inspire the incoming Grade 11 students to

take the Senior High School program without accusing because it will help to nurture their

abilities, skills, and knowledge: Strengthen and improve students’ self-actualization to

become productive citizens.

 So when the researchers consulted their research adviser, the letter approved the research

study through the help of their adviser and through the use of their knowledge from this study.

The researchers will explain the benefits and contributions or the impact of K-12 curriculum

program among students specifically the Grade 10 students since they are the focused of this

study.

Statement of the Problem

The main objective of this study is to find out the impact of K-12 curriculum program

among Grade 10 students in the educational process school year 2016-2017.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Know the Demographic Profile of the respondents.

A. Gender

B. Age

2. Identify the chosen track of the respondents.

A. Academic Track

___ General Academic Strand (GAS)

___ Accountancy Business Management (ABM)

B. Technical Vocational (Tech-Voc)

___ Bread and Pastry (BP)

___ Shielded Metal Arc Works (SMAW

___ Horticulture
 3. Assist the Grade 10 students to understand their chosen track by identifying their

Prior knowledge based on the Grade 11 competencies/strand.

A. General Academic Strand

B. Accountancy Business Management

C. Bread and Pastry

D. Shielded Metal Arc Work

E. Horticulture

4. What skills that you have regarding to your chosen track/course?

A. General Academic Strand

B. Accountancy Business Management

C. Bread and Pastry

D. Shielded Metal Arc Work

E. Horticulture

5. Intensify the importance of K-12 curriculum program to the students.

Research Paradigm

The researchers prepared a research paradigm to present the framework of their study

entitled “Impact of K-12 Program among Grade 10 Students in the Educational Process, School

Year 2016-2017.” Aiming for a quality education, which is the main thrust of the Department of

education, K12 program was introduced emphasizing its relevance to the field of education.

As shown in figure 1, The Department of Education implemented the K-12 program

which provides strands for the students to take their interest in different kinds of

areas/specialization—General Academic Strand (GAS), Accountancy Business Management

(ABM), and Technology Vocational (Tech-Voc) these strands allows the students experience the

real-life situation that challenges them to think critically. The students will be equipped with job-

related-skills and therefore, make them eligible for employment.

Figure 1
A Research Paradigm on the Impact of K-12 Program Among Grade 10 Students

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

K-12
PROGRAM
TECH-
ABM VOC
GAS

GRADE 10
STUDENTS

GRADE 12 COMPLETERS EQUIPPED

WITH JOB-RELATED-SKILLS

Scope and Limitation

This study will be conducted to determine the impacts of K-12 program among Grade 10

students in the educational process in Lucena City National High School. The respondents

involved were the bona fide Grade 10 students of LCNHS for School Year 2016-2017 composed

of one hundred (100) respondents chosen using the random sampling technique.
Significance of the Study

This study would be very significant because the researchers would be able to determine

the impact of K-12 program among Grade 10 students in the educational process school year

2016-2017. In this regard, this will also be helpful to the following people:

Students who will be informed with the importance of the K-12 program: Expound their

awareness and insight about the system of education. With this, they will also benefit in the

researches and therefore enriching their knowledge regarding the aforementioned program. It

allows the learners to experience the real-life situation which challenge them to think

critically. To add, this study discusses that not only the provision of additional two years but

also to sharpen and to strengthen the student’s macro skills, and self-actualization and to

intensify the benefits that K-12 program contributes to the students especially to learners

incoming Grade 11.

Moreover, this study also serves as learner’s guide to choose their tracks consistently. All

possible contribution or impact of this study will explain the awareness of the learners about

education system. It signifies that K-12 program supports their future and careers that they

want to be.

Teachers may use this research as a guide for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the

new system of education in the Philippines, it will also use as a guide to explain the

importance of the K-12 program to the incoming Grade 11 students quickly and easier.

Researchers who will be strengthen their knowledge about the system of education,

helps to nurture and take advantages as advance knowledge, be informed and explore the

system by themselves.
 Future Researchers, it further serves as record of accumulated researches that will be of

help for future researchers since it provides concepts that support the studies concerning to

impact of K-12 program among Grade 10 students in the educational process. This study is

believed to be an agent of progress in the system of education and enlighten the awareness of

the students regarding K-12 program.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the synthesis of several studies and literature related to the impact

of k-12 curriculum among Grade 10 students in the educational process. It discusses the

opinions and knowledge of some experts about the concern of this study. It further includes

relevant explanations suggesting the reason why situations affecting to the topic occur in the way

that they do. Indeed, this part relates knowledge about ideas and concepts previously presented

by some authorities on the topic as well as findings obtained from previous studies of some

researchers that lend support to this research.

Related Literature

The implementation of K12 program arouses different views and opinions, however, a

number of literature and studies support its occurrence in the Philippine educational system.

The enhanced basic education Program (K to 12) covers Kindergarten and 12 years of

basic education which includes the six years of primary education, four years of Junior High

School, and two years of Senior High School (SHS). This is to provide sufficient time for

mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary

education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

(http://www.gov.ph)

While providing students ample time to master and to study the skills and abilities that

the students learned in basic competencies, said program also accelerates mutual recognition of

Filipino graduates and professionals in other countries (http://k12philippines.com)

 The purpose of K-12 program is to develop and to strengthen the students who will

complete the said program. The graduates under this curriculum are believed to be more

competent, equipped with skills and knowledge necessary for their employment in the future.

The dominant basis to this thrust is to assured that Filipino graduates become well-trained,

globally competitive and absolutely acceptable considering the fact that Philippines remains one

of the last two countries in the world who have 10-year education system (http://impact of K-12

on tertiary education in the Philippines).

Cruz, (2010) moreover, stressed in his column that K-12 graduates are more prepared to

work in the labor force. He further compared the students who completed the aforementioned

program to the graduates of 10-year curriculum citing that said graduates were not yet competent

or fully developed intellectually, and emotionally and therefore were not fitted to be employed.

He also added that the current basic education is not adequate and not appropriate to move on in

tertiary level because the students are not yet 18.

In this regard, senior high school students can improve their expertise in the area that they

are interested in this curriculum. With this, the students who will undergo the program will have

the specific job-related skills they need even without a college degree with the help of TESDA.

To add, when they graduate from high school, these young people will be 18 and become

employable, adding to the nation’s manpower. (Cruz, 2010)

On the other hand, the benefits of the said program as discussed in the Discussion Paper

on the Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program are tremendously overwhelming. Primarily,

this program will be instrumental in achieving the nation’s vision of a high school graduate. In

addition, this enhanced curriculum will decongest academic workload to individuals and

families, giving students more time to master competencies and skills as well as time for other

learning opportunities beyond the classroom, therefore allowing for a more holistic development.
 Moreover, graduates will possess competencies and skills relevant to the job market. The

K-12 proposal will be designed to adjust and meet the fast-changing demands of society to

prepare graduates with skills essential for the world of work. (https://www.scribd.com)

Various studies were conducted in related to the implementation of the K12 curriculum.

Conferred by Shaeffer, director at the Bureau of Education of the UN Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization (Unesco) Asia Pacific as restated by Quismundo (2012) the K-12 program

(Kindergarten plus 12 years) was built “to make our country comparable to the competitive

countries who have a concrete system.”

On the other hand, the senior high school program is planned to take the specialization

period for high school students, weather vocational skills, music, arts, or sports. This would give

high school graduates the option to pursue jobs with a basic education diploma or proceed to

college degree. The said program purposes are to make the Philippine education similarly with

the rest of the world and with 12 years of basic schooling already a global standard.

(https://sites.google.com/site/k12philippines)

Valisno discussed in his report as reaffirmed by Quismundo (2012) that the Philippines

must start the k-12 program as early as possible to sharpen the students’ skills and thinking in

high school and become employable by the local and foreign industry. It is because the students

become adequate and well-practiced. Hence, making them qualified for a job such as

entrepreneurs. The students who will undergo the K-12 program will be finishing at exactly 18

years old and therefore is eligible for job or employment.

This fact is further emphasized by Varela’s citation as restated by Aragon-Choundry

(2012). She cited that the students who undergone the proposed senior high school (SHS)

program will find a good job and will have a better income opportunities and more income

streams. To add, additional two years of high school also meant a reduction in cost of schooling

for graduates who would seek employment afterwards, as the additional years would be free.
Related Studies

Lot of studies supports the importance of K-12 program in the Philippine educational

system. Even though, there are negative reactions in the implementation of the said program, its

essentiality to the intellectual development and skills’ enhancement of the students is

remarkable.

Igliane-Villenes (2013) cited in her study “Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum “ that

K to 12 (Kindergarten, the Enhance Elementary, junior high school and specialized senior high

school program) molds the Filipino students to be a holistically developed citizen who are

determined in whatever path they take because of the enhanced knowledge it provides in the

educational system. In addition to the views presented, said program will lead the students to

further education, employment, or entrepreneurship which is relevant to everyday living.

Meanwhile, Red (2013) reported in her study “Curriculum Development: Challenges and

Responses in the Implementation of K-12” that the said basic education curriculum provides

students essential skills needed for the practice of chosen careers either immediately after

graduation or after further college degree, depending on the career chosen.

On the other hand, Giron (2012) stated in his study that enhanced k-12 basic education

program will become an instrument about attaining the nation’s vision of high school graduates.

The benefits of the said curriculum far outweigh the additional cost that will be acquired by both

families and government. As restated in his study “K 12 Basic Education Program,” Benigno S.

Aquino III, Former President quoted:

“We need to add two years to our basic education. those who can afford
pay up to fourteen years of schooling before university. Thus, their children are
getting into the best job after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public
school children to give them an even chance at succeeding”. (Giron, 2012).
 Daisog and Bombane, moreover, (2012) presented in their research that the central focus

of k-12 is the enhancement of basic education curriculum (BEC). The enhancement curriculum

will offer a lot of specialization or electives including science and technology arts, sports,

journalism, tech-voc, foreign language entrepreneurship and subject for advanced placement.

Lavape and Vejereno (2015), further, cited on their study that under the k-12 process, it is

not just the provision of two additional years in high school but more importantly to enhance the

basic education curriculum. K+12 Basic Education Program seeks to provide a quality 12- year

basic education program that each Filipino is entitled to. Article XIV, Section 2 of the 1987

Philippine Constitution which states that “The State shall establish, maintain, and support a

complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs and people of the

society.”

In the study of Salan (2012) entitled “Understanding K to 12 Enhanced Basic Education”

also discussed in her study that every graduates of enhanced K-12 basic education program will

benefit from a reformed and updated curriculum that is focused on enabling every child to

achieve mastery of core competencies and skills.

Summing it up, the impact of K12 program to students are absolutely great since various

researches have proven the importance of the program in the educational system.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides information on the research methods used in this study supporting

the concepts established previously. It gives further details about the methods to be employed in

conducting the research. This part shows and describes all the important considerations and

undertakings involved in the study.

Research Design

The researchers will use the qualitative survey design in their study since information

about the Grade 10 students will be obtained through survey method. It is primarily focused on

the impact of K-12 program among Grade 10 students in the educational process. The two main

variables are the K-12 program is the independent variable and the Grade 10 students which are

the dependent variable of this study.

Simple random sampling method will be utilized in choosing the 100 student-respondents

of this study since it is primarily concentrated on the impact of K12 curriculum among Grade 10

students in the educational process. One hundred Grade 10 students of Lucena City National

High School will be the respondents of this study because they are expected to enroll in the

Senior High School after completing the four years in the Junior High School.

The researchers believe that he will be able to gather reliable and pertinent data if every

student will be given an equal chance of participation in the selection process.

Research Locale

The research locale of this study will be the Lucena City National High School (LCNHS)

which is situated at Alpsville Subdivison, Ibabang Dupay, lucena City. The Junior High School

has two (20 shifting of classes wherein the Grade7 and Grade 9 have their class in the morning

from 6:30 a.m. to 12:45 p.m. The students in the Grade 8 and the Grade 10 level, on the other

hand, have their classes in the afternoon from 12:45 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. The Senior High School,

nevertheless, follows regular schedule which starts at exactly 7:00 a.m. and ends at 4:00 p.m.

To mention, the researcher is also a student of the aforementioned high school, as such it

will be easier for him to conduct his study and to attain valid result

Research Procedure

The researchers will make first a letter of request to the advisers of the Grade 10 students

before the conduct of the study. Upon seeking the teacher’s approval, a questionnaire which had

been prepared by the researchers will be given to the Grade 10 students. The questionnaire will

be distributed personally to the students to obtain valid results. The students’ responses will be

analyzed and will be tabulated using the Percentage Formula.

Research Instrument

To obtain validity in his study, data should be gathered accurately. As such, the

researcher prepared a questionnaire with five (5) parts. The first part is focused on the

demographic profile of the student- respondents wherein their gender and age will be analyzed.

The second part aims to find out the chosen track of the respondents while the third part of the

questionnaire intends to know the Grade 10 students’ prior knowledge based on the Senior High

Competencies/Strand. The questioners are based on the competencies from the course guide in

the different strand that are available in LCNHS. Meanwhile, the fourth part is mainly concerned
on the skills the respondents already have regarding their chosen track/course, it is also based on

the competencies from course guide and the last part emphasizes the importance of K-12

program to the Grade 10 students.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researcher will assess the gathered data by tabulating the frequency of the respondents’

response to each item in the research questionnaire. The statistical treatments to be used in this

study are the following:

1. Frequency will be used in Part 1, Part II and Part V whereas the percentage will be taken by

dividing the number of responses to the item by the number of cases involved in the study.

To illustrate:

P = f x 100
N
Where: P = percentage

f = frequency

N = total number of respondents

100 = constant

2. Part III and Part IV, however, will utilize weighted mean distribution wherein the percentage

will be taken by dividing the number of responses to the item by the number of cases

involved in the study.

To illustrate: WM = 3 + 2 + n
N

Where: WM = weighted mean

n = number of respondents

N = total number of respondents