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Instrumentation Earthing
Instrumentation Earthing
Transfer of the immediate discharge of the electrical energy directly to the earth
by means of the low resistance path is known as the earthing.
Instrumentation Earthing
Types
1. Safety Earth (SE) / Dirty Earth / Protective Earth / Electrical Earth / Power
Earth
2. Instrument Earth (IE) / Electronic Earth / Reference Earth / Clean Earth /
Signal Earth
3. Intrinsic Safety (IS) Earth for IS circuit. This is only required when you have
IS instruments.
Instrument Earth
Shields of Single pair /Multi pair analog instrument signal cables are connected
to this earth (IE).
Safety Earth
Undetected earth faults pose safety risks to personnel also may lead to safety
hazards such as equipment malfunctions, fire, and electric shock. That is why we
need electrical earth / Safety earth.
Earth Resistance
Control room equipment including system cabinet & marshaling cabinets, power
distribution panels, Packaged control system cabinets, Workstations, Auxiliary
consoles, printers, etc. should be considered for earthing requirement.
e.g. System and marshaling cabinets should have – SE, IE and IS Earth bars.
All the instrument earth bars in the cabinets should be connected to a common
instrument earth bar provided in the false floor / Cable cellar using an insulated
redundant copper conductor cables.
This common Instrument Earth bar shall be further connected to the nearest
Instrument earth grid using copper cables.
It should be agreed with the Control system supplier for earthing philosophy of
Cabinet’s earth bar connection with the building earth bar network. E.g. Star
connection or series connection.
This common Safety Earth bar shall be further connected to the nearest safety
earth grid using copper cables. The Main Earth grid conductor size can be
calculated based on the desired fault current within the required time to be
earthed.
Good Practices
Cable shield shall be insulated and floated at the field instrument side (Cut
and Tape). Cable Shield is the drain wire attached with Aluminum Mylar or
metal braid cover on the instrument signal cables i.e. 4-20 mA analog
signal, low voltage digital signals, etc
Main cable (i.e. from Junction box and control room) shields shall be
grounded at one place i.e. control system end Instrument earth bar
Isolated type. All the connections to the Instrument Earth bar within the
cabinet shall be of screw type of non-corrosive metal.
Similarly, for IS cable, individual and overall shield shall be connected to the IS
earth bar inside the cabinet.
Ensure continuity of all earth cables up to earth bar & up to earth pits.
Instrument Earth inside the Control System cabinet (Isolated from Safety
Earth)
Safety Earth inside the Control system cabinet (Non Isolated)