Amplifier, Classes of Amplifier,

Inverting, Non Inverting & Summing

Amplifier
 Amplifier
Amplifier is termed as device to produce voltage
amplification or current amplification. And it also used for
power amplification.
Mainly, the power amplifier is normally reserved for
circuits whose main function is to deliver large amounts of
power
These can be produced using FETs or bipolar transistors,
or using special purpose devices such as thyristor and
triac
 Amplifier
While designing of a power amplifier we normally require a low
output resistance so that the circuit may deliver a high output
current.

 we often use an emitter-follower for amplification

this does not produce voltage gain but has a low output resistance

in many cases the load applied to a power amplifier is not simply

resistive but also has an inductive or capacitive element
 Amplifier Efficiency
• Amplifier efficiency
• an important consideration in the design of power amplifiers is
efficiency
power dissipated in the load
Efficiency 
power absorbed from the supply
• efficiency determines the power dissipated in the amplifier itself

• power dissipation is important because it determines the amount

of waste heat produced
• excess heat may require heat sinks, cooling fans, etc.
 Classes of Amplifier
The Class of an amplifier refers to the design of the circuitry

within the amp.

Main classes of Amplifiers are given as:

1. Class A Amplifier.

2. Class B Amplifier.

3. Class AB Amplifier.

4. Class C Amplifier
 Class A Amplifier

Output device(s) conduct through 360 degrees of input

cycle (never switch off) - A single output device is possible.
The device conducts for the entire waveform.
 active device conducts for complete cycle of input signal

 Poor efficiency (normally less than 25%)

 low distortion

 Used for low power Circuits.

Class A Amplifier
 Class B Amplifier
Active devices conducts for half of the complete cycle of input signal

 Good efficiency (up to 78%)

 Considerable Distortion

 Using more than one devices. Both output devices never allowed to
be at the same time.

 Design show high efficiency but poor in linearity.

 Restricted to low power devices.

Class B Amplifier
Class AB Amplifier
Class AB Amplifier
 Class C Amplifier
Active devices conducts for less than half the complete cycle of input
signal.

 high efficiency (approaching 100%)

 gross distortion

 They are commonly used in RF circuits.

 Class C amplifiers operate the output transistor in a state that

results in tremendous distortion (it would be totally unsuitable for
audio reproduction).
Class C Amplifier
 Inverting Amplifier
An inverting amplifier is a special case of the amplifier in which that
circuit's non-inverting input V2 is grounded, and inverting input V1 is
identified with Vin above. The closed-loop gain is Rf / Rin, hence

The simplified circuit above is like the differential amplifier in the limit
of R2 and Rg very small. In this case, though, the circuit will be
susceptible to input bias current drift because of the mismatch
between Rf and Rin.
Inverting Amplifier
 Inverting Amplifier
To intuitively see the gain equation above, calculate the current
in Rin:

then recall that this same current must be passing through Rf,
therefore (because V− = V+ = 0):
 Non inverting Amplifier
A non-inverting amplifier is a special case of the differential
amplifier in which that circuit's inverting input V1 is grounded,
and non-inverting input V2 is identified with Vin above,
with R1 ≫ R2.
Non inverting Amplifier
 Non inverting Amplifier
To intuitively see this gain equation, use the virtual ground
technique to calculate the current in resistor R1:

same current must be passing through R2, therefore

Unlike the inverting amplifier, a non-inverting amplifier cannot

have a gain of less than 1.
 Summing Amplifier
The output of voltage adder is out of phase with respect to the
input by 180o. The circuit diagram of a summing amplifier is
given.. The inverting amplifier circuit has only one voltage at
the inverting input terminal. ... A circuit like this amplifies each
input signal.
INVERTING SUMMING AMPLIFIER

R1 RF
v1

R2
v2 -
R3 vo
0V
v3 +
GAIN CALCULATIONS

i1  i2  i3  io

v1 v2 v3 vo
  
R1 R2 R3 RF

 RF   RF   RF  
vo     v1    v2    v3 
 R1   R2   R3  