Electronics Project

[Date]

Bofelo Rankhubu (201901494), Letso Kgakgamatso

(201901023), Ledirile Mosetlhane (201903385)
[COMPANY NAME]
Area of Interest
Football is a game that is played for a period of 90 minutes and during that period there is a
lot of stoppages for example the goal kicks, freekicks, throw ins and corner kicks. Because of
these stoppages the referee and his assistants always compromise to recover the time
consumed during those stoppages. However, according to the FIFA Law of The Game, the
only stoppage that is being timed is the goal kick.

Definition of Problem
The referee usually times the goal kick at the same time positioning himself, and at times he
mistimes the goal kick. The goalkeeper uses this to his advantage to delay time especially
when his team is winning, this leads to mass confrontation (fights in the playing field).

Design Brief
Design and make an electronic device that will help the referee to time the goal kick.

Mood Board
Exploration of Existing Ideas
Stopwatch
When using the stopwatch, the referee looks at the
time and starts to count the seven seconds from that
time. If the time reds 21 minutes 14 seconds the
referee counts the seven seconds from 14.

Stopwatch circuit

In this circuit we have used a 555 timer IC based astable multi-vibrator which is for creating
1 second delay. And two common cathode seven segment decoder IC’s namely CD4033. The
output of astable multivibrator is directly applied to seven segment decoder IC’s (U4) Clock
pin (1) and carry output pin(5) of U4 IC is directly connected to clock pin (1) of second seven
segment decoder(U3). And two seven segments are connected with these decoder (U3 and
U4). Its connections are shown in stopwatch circuit diagram given below. One push button is
used to stop /start the stopwatch and one push button is used to reset the stopwatch. A 5-volt
voltage regulator is used for providing 5 volts to whole circuit. And a 9-volt battery is used
for powering the circuit. Rest of connections are shown in the circuit diagram.
Alarm

Main part of this circuit is timer IC 555 and others are few easily available components, to
give power supply to the alarm circuit 9V battery can be used otherwise you can create own
DC power supply 9V using step down transformer and Bridge Rectifier. Buzzer element is
connected at the output pin of IC 555 and start button is connected to the pin 2 & 4 together
towards DC bias through R2 Resistor.

For timer Resistor of this circuit different range of Resistor are implemented to give various
timing range and only one timing capacitor (C2) is used in this circuit. Turn ON this circuit
by closing S1 Switch and choose the timer range by closing s3, s4, s5 or s6 switch then push
the start switch s2 and wait, the buzzer gives alarm sound depends on the timing range.