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I.Kkompiuteri Da Informacia
I.Kkompiuteri Da Informacia
I.Kkompiuteri Da Informacia
Kkompiuteri da informacia
1) teqsturi
2) grafikuli
3) audio
informacias iseve rogorc sxva romelime sidides gaaCnia zoma. informeciis umciresi sazomi
erTeulia biti. rva biti udris erT baits. erTi baiti aris erTi teqsturi simbolo. arsebobs aseve ufro
didi erTeulebi: kilobaiti, megabaiti da gigabaiti.
daaxloebiT:
1. sistemuri bloki
2. monitori
3. klaviatura
4. mausi
5. mudmivi kvebis wyaro (UPS)
6. printeri
7. skaneri
8. modemi
9. videoTvali
10.dinamikebi
11.mikrofoni
12.fleS-mexsiereba
13.lazeruli da magnituri diskebi
korpusi - sistemuri blokis yuTs, romelSic ganlagebulia yvela misi Semadgeneli plata da
mowyobiloba keisi anu korousi ewodeba. sistemuri blokis keisSi ganlagebulia kvebis wyaro,
romelic awvdis dens masSi ganlagebul yvela funqcionalur bloks. misi SerCevisis unda
davakvirdeT ara marto mis dizains, aramed masalasac romlisagan is aris damzadebuli. keisi
SeiZleba iyos horizontaluri an vertikaluri. Tanamerove kompiuterebis umravlesobas aqvs
vertikaluri keisi.
sistemuri plata – aris sistemuri blokis mTavari plata, romelic gansazRvravs mis
potencionalur SesaZleblobebs. is uzrunvelyofs kompiuteris yvela mowyobilobebis
urTierTqmedemas.
sistemur plataze rogorc wesi ganlagebulia: mikroprocesori, sistemuri logikis
elementebi(Cipsetebi), Setana/gamotanis bazuri sistema (Basic Input/Output System BIOS),
operatiuli mexsiereba, gare damamaxsovrebeli mowyobilobebis SesaerTebeli -------,
mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri portebi, gafarTovebis slotebi da kontroliorebi. sistemuri platebi
arsebobs sxvadasxva saxis: ATX, miniATX, microATX da flexATX. kontroliorebi
sxvadasxva periferiul mowobilobabTan urTierTqmedebis saSualebas iZleva, rogoric aris:
mausi, monitori, printeri, skaneri, diskmmarTvelebi da sxva. xolo gafarToebis Sinebi,
sistemur blokSi damatebiTi mowyobilobebis (platebis) Cayenebis saSualebas gvaZlevs.
vinCesteri – aris kompiuteris ZiriTadi mexsiereba, zustad masSi aris Cawerili mTeli is
informacia, romelic inaxeba kompiuterSi. is xasiaTdeba didi tevadobiT, gansxvavebiT sxva
tipis mexsierebebisagan. vinCesteris tevadoba ganisazRvreba ramodenime gigabaitidan –
aTeulobiT gigabaitamde.
DdiskmmarTvelebi da diskebi
vinCesteris garda informaciis Senaxva aseve SeiZleba sxadasxva saxis diskebze. yoveli saxis
disks gaaCnia wamkiTxavi mowyobiloba anu diskdraiveri, romelic gvaZlevs saSualebas
amovikiTxoT am diskze Cawerili informacia. diskebi ZiriTadad arsebobs ori saxis: 1.
magnituri da lazeruli. 3,5 duimian magnitur disks ewoneba – Floppy diski. misi wamkiTxavi
mowyoboloba aRiniSneba A: simboloTi. am diskis tevadoba aris 1,44MB. arsebobs aseve
lazeruli diskebi CD (Compact Disk), romlis tevadoba aris 700MB. da DVD(Digital Video
Disk) diskebi romelTa tevadoba aris 4-dan 10 gigabaitamde. is aRiniSneba D: an E:
simboloTi
qselis plata – aris mowyobiloba romelic amyarebs kavSirs sxva kompiuterebTan da periferiul
mowyobilobebTan, romlebic mierTebulia lokalur anu adgilobriv qselTan. am qselis
saSualebiT xdeba informaciis gacvla sxvadasxva kompiuters Soris. qselis kartis ZiriTadi
maxasiaTebelia - monacemTa gadacemis siswrefe. Tanamedrove qselis kartebs wamSi
SeuZliaT 10-dan 1000 megabitamde informaciis miReba/gadagzavna.
monitori _ aris grafikuli da teqsturi informaciis gamotanis mowyobiloba. dResisaTvis
moxmarebaSi aris mxolod feradi monitorebi, Tumca adre monitorebi iyo Sav-TeTri. aseve
ganasxvaveben Cveulebriv da brtyeli ekranis mqone monitorebs. brtyeli ekranis mqone
monitorebia Cvenebis xarisxiT jobs Cveulebrivs, radganac naklebad amaxinjebs
gamosaxulebas. aseve monitorebi gansxvavdeba zomiTac. yvelaze xSirad SevxvdebiT: 15, 17
da 19 duimis diagonalis mqone monitorebs. magram monitoris xarisxis mTavari maCvenebeli
aris mis ekranze ganlagebuli mnaTi wertilebis raodenoba, anu piqselebis(Picel) raodenoba. rac
metia wertilebi, miT metia gamosaxulebis xarisxi.
teqnologiurad monitorebi SeiZleba iyos eleqtronul-sxivur milakze an Txevad kristalebze.
ukanaskneli SedarebiT ufro Zviri Rirs.
klaviatura _ aris teqsturi informaciis Setanis mowyobiloba. misi meSveobiT Cven agreTve
SegviZlia kompiuters mivceT brZanebebi, magram am mizniT dReisaTvis ufro xSirad
gamoiyeneba mausi. is bevrad ufro mosaxerxebelia. klaviaturaze Cven gvaqvs ramodenime
saxis klaviSebi:
mudmivi kvebis wyaro (UPS) – misi saSualebiT kompiuters miewodeba stabiluri deni,
xolo denis wasvlis SemTxvevaSi is ramodenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi inarCunebs dens. es
dro sakmarisia imisaTvis rom Cven davamTavroT muSaoba da gavTiSoT kompiuteri.
failebi da folderebi
rogorc viciT, informacia izomeba bitebSi da baitebSi. magram, rogorc wesi, kompiuterTan
muSaobis dros, informaciis umciresi erTeuli, romelTanac Cven gveqneba Sexeba – faili
ewodeba. failis da folderis cneba erT-erTi mTavaria nebismier kompiuterul sistemaSi.
faili – aris iformaciis struqturuli erTeuli, romelsac gaaCnia saxeli, zoma da misamarTi,
romelic gansazRvravs mis mdebareobas fizikur diskze. kompiuterSi arsebuli mTeli informacia
inaxeba failebSi. failebSi inaxeba rogor sistemuri da samomxmareblo programebi(operaciuli
sistema, draiverebi, utilitebi, teqsturi redaqtorebi da sxva saofise programebi, TamaSebi),
aseve am programebSi Seqmnili dokumentebi. failebi inaxeba kompiuteris vinCesterze an
informaciis sxva nebismier matarebelze(lazeruli diski, magnituri disketa, fleS-mexsiereba da
sxva). nebismier fails gaaCnia saxeli, romlis gareSedac SeuZlebeli iqneboda misi moZebna.
failis saxeli Sedgeba ori nawilisagan, romlebic erTmaneTisagan wertiliT aris gamoyofili.
pirveli nawilia saxeldobr failis saxeli, xolo meore – failis gafarToeba. failis meore nawili
SesaZlebelia saerTod ar Candes. failis saxeli SeiZleba Seicavdes cifrebs, laTinur da rusul
asoebs da sxva simboloebs garda Semdegi niSnebisa ?, :, *, /, \, |, <, > . did da patara asoebs
operaciuli sistema erTnairad aRiqvams. e.i. saxeli MyPhoto.jpg da myphoto.jpg erTidaigive
failis saxelia. failis gafarToveba mianiSnebs am failis tips. qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva
tipis failebis gafarTovebebi:
imisaTvis, rom advilad mivagnoT kompiuterSi Caweril informacias, anu sxvadasxva tipis
failebs, xSirad gviwevs maTi dajgufeba. erTi tipis failebs xSirad Caweren erTidaimave
folderSi, romelsac Sesabamis saxels mianiWeben. folderi (Folder) inglisuri sityvaa da
qarTulad saqaRaldes niSnacs. sxvagvarad kidev mas papkas (Папка) uwodeben.
magaliTisaTvis, Tu Cven kompiuterSi gvaqvs Cawerili sxvadasxva stilis musikaluri
kompoziciebi, Cven SegviZlia SevqmnaT folderi saxelwodeboT – MUSIC da yvela
musikaluri kompozicia CavweroT am folderSi. amis Semdeg Cven gvecodineba, rom
imisaTvis rom movisminoT romelime maTgani, aucileblad unda SevideT am folderSi da
CavrToT CvenTvis sasurveli simRera. Sesabamisad kinofilmebi SegviZlia CavweroT
folderSi, romelsac davarqmevT Video-s an Kino-s. da ase Semdeg.
1. sistemuri programebi
2. samomxmareblo (gamoyenebiTi) programebi anu danarTebi
3. daprogramebis sistemebi
programuli uzrunvelyofa
daprogramebis
operaciuli enebi samomx. samomxma
sistemebi program- reblo
uli programebi
paketebi
translatorebi
kontrolisa da
diagnostikis
saSualebebi integrirebuli
gamoyenebiTi
programebi
draiverebi – aris programebi romlebic uzrunvelyofen operaciuli sistemisa da kompiuteris
gare mowyobilobebis urTierTqmedebas. (es mowyobilobebia: printeri, skaneri, klaviatura,
mausi, diskmarTvelebi da a.S.)
operaciuli sistemis CatvirTvis Semdeg monitoris ekranze Cven davinaxavT egreT wodebul
samuSao magidas (Desktop). is Sedgaba Semdegi nawilebisagan:
fonuri naxati aris is naxati romelsac Cven vxedavT ekranze operaciuli sistemis CatvirTvis
Semdeg. Cven is SegviZlia vcvaloT Cveni gemovnebis mixedviT.
davalebaTa zolSi Cakecilia is programebi romlebic gaSvebulia Cvens mier. anu romlebTanac
Cven vmuSaobT mocemul momentSi.
Recycle Bin (Корзина) – masSi droebiT inaxeba is failebi, romlebic Cven amovSaleT
kompiuteris mexsierebidan. misi daxmarebiT Cven SegviZlia aRvadginoT es failebi, anu
davabrunoT Tavis pirvandel misamarTze.
imisaTvis, rom aRvadginoT sanagve yuTSi myofi faili, unda davawkapunoT
saTauris zoli
menius zoli
xelsawyoTa zoli
samisamarTo zoli
samuSao are
fanjris CarCo anu sazRvrebi
saTauris zolSi mocemulia im programis an obieqtis saxeli romelic gvaqvs gaxsnili. mis
marjvena kideSi ganlagebulia sami patara Rilaki.Ppirvelis daxmarebiT xdeba fanjris Caxurva
davalebaTa zolSi. meore – Slis fanjaras mTels ekranze, xolo meored dawkapunebiT abrunebs
sawyis mdgomareobaSi. mesame Rilakis saSualebiT xdeba mocemuli fanjris daxurva.
samuSao are es aris fanjris CarCoSi moqceuli TeTri are, romelSic ganlagebulia sxvadasxva
obieqtebi.
obieqtis moniSvna anu gamoyofa sxva obieqtebidan samuSao magidaze an gaxsnil fanjaraSi
xdeba masze mausis marcxena Rilakis erTxel dawkapunebiT.
Tu ramodenime obieqtis erTdroulad moniSvna gvesaWiroeba, maSin unda gamoviyenoT
klaviaturaze mdebare Ctrl - klaviSi. unda davaWiroT masze da TiTis auSveblad mausis
daxmarebiT movniSnoT saWiro obieqtebi. Tu gvesaWiroeba mezobeli obieqtebis moniSvna
maSin fanjris kuTxeSi romelSic mdebareobs pirveli mosaniSni obieqti davaWerT mausis
marcxena Rilaks da TiTis auSveblad gadavatatebT mausis kursors mosaniSn obieqtebze, ris
Semdegac auSvebT TiTs mausis marcxena Rilaks. moniSnuli obieqti muqi ferisaa sxvebTan
SedarebiT.
saqaRaldis an dokumentis gaxsnisaTvis saWiroa mausis marcxena Rilakis daxmarebiT orjer
swrafad davawkapunoT am obieqtze, an davawkapunoT obieqtze mausis marjvena RilakiT da
konteqstur meniuSi(romelic am moqmedebis SedegaT gamova) avirCioT punqti Open
(Открыть). Kkompiuteruli programebis gaSveba aseve xdeba – mausis marcxena RilakiT
maT iarliyze orjer dawkapunebiT.
New->Folder (Новая->Папка)
an saqaRaldis fanjris samuSao aris cariel adgilze davawkapunoT mausis marjvena Rilakze da
avirCioT konteqsturi menius igive brZaneba.
Ctrl + A
obieqtis waSla
ekranis Tvisebebi
vis rom monitoris ekranze SevcvaloT foni an davayenoT Cvens mier sasurveli suraTi, unda
moviqceT Semdegnairad: ekrans fonze davawkapunoT mausis Rilakze da konteqstur
meniuSi romelic gamova ekranze avirCioT brZaneba Properties{Свойства} (davawkapunoT
masze marcxena RilakiT ekranze gamova ekranis Tvisebebis fanjara, romelSic gavaaqtiurebT
CanarTs – Desktop {Рабочий Стол}. masSi iqneba standartuli fonebis CamonaTvali,
saidanac xdeba misi Secvla. Tu Cven gvinda, rom fonad davayenoT iseTi suraTi romelic
CamonaTvalSi ar aris – unda davawkapunoT Rilakze Обзор. da fanjaraSi, romelic gamova
mivuTiTebT sasurveli naxatis adgilmdebareobas da avirCevT mas. bolos unda davawkapunoT
Rilakze – OK.