ELECTROCHEMISTRYY

23/42/20
DaAe
Cenducto%s leotrit tuwvwnt
to flsu
whic
alou
Substances conductos .

al calle d
them
wou

Eletsttic genducto
Metalluc onductor
Thes ulbAkAne
The conductrs ohuch wucw Conduct h a
C e n d u c t t h e Alectrie lactrical UONtE
hooug jens dn
l c t m s w h i m o u t
2 e u &0tuten 6 r
ndergotng a n y h m i c a l niolte stite e

changeate calad Called lectrolytio

Cenductors
Metalic cenductos.

: Cu,A, Fe,l(metat)

9 : a p u t e (non-metal)

Weaklecuye
Stoong echroiyte D e m o t d i s o c k

Dissociate Lmplete
Complexe
Weak
Stona Bax Ieak Basls
aud
Stoorg acid

Nac
ELECTROCHIMAL CEUS
Spontaneous Rede% Reachien
GALVENIC CELL
Electncal

Chemical Enexat

ELECTROLYTIC CELL Redex Reactiens

.

Nen-sbentanesu

Chemical Enrat
ERectrical Ene8
Ghalvanic cell
NWORKING PRINCIPLE
stipis put in t oluctrical Babt
WOMoveametal _ana tAL
Sutim i n da Dotentta0 ettwm, he metal
dRenence B Or
lectrelyie salt %lution abbe as us
eReetoveh potential.
Zn (s) +Cu2+(a- >Zta)+Culs)
This oetlconvei he chumical
Invny t9otertial
plectrical enony and as an elactrical, n.
Aleetorotrticlectical patetial =11V
When cencertratien
e znt =
unity
Cu2t Untty.
Such a device is called Halvenic cell
then poterctial eced4.1V
aahd
ninwDLAd
eztosunalsloustu
bppositouefpotertial is applusd
kind that tte Uactio
Cordimua3 to take a c h t e sppe3Iv
8tge Iuachos 41Y] nan he uajOn
&kope ateghenLanol nA cuwwnt flows tAaug
he' cool any fwthen ncwasL inthe oxteunal
potentia again stasts tho ozcien utm
appezitndtresemand it mu unchien a
elctical
eluotrolye cesladevice #e usivg,
Rnn to cavy_ TEm -8pertanLelk chwmical
nwactitn
ANODE:- Sem matals ausnd to AaMa

his a placd m ontact Atu thiwn iens

Z%9 Jalease es)
e than &alt Souuien (ie)
m Iued un XnsoL 2olutien

n aneda enidatten ul talke paca

CATHODESee mettheds(cu,Az,Au)asu
t mane the sbbea temdaney- iey úhen
eund
placol m centaot ittthev aglatie iens toe ien
Prem he selutien Waet depRfed en tthe
mital o d &e NOd w l have ieency
lictro ahd entoa migative dharge Ga0"
suLeund his vely chängad vd a form a
 s wuteod blus
deubke Sayon hene apotentiak,
electoele betential.
blace
eduction will take
vAt catthede
TS FUuNCTTON-
BRIDGE AND
SALT A0lutien a AnestE
cortaining As
ube Orgelatn
Iwerted
a9ai-ajaY
electapyte oi
cenveitinto semi3eld fom
uchthat
sheuld be
Electoolyte
n salt Jidge
Gneal
anien g - K e ,KNO3 ,NHANO , et
in
Agt,H32, PE2t,TLTau prusent Jecau3e
te cell
4 as ëzltbaid e
thin KCis net msed
tre can be formaienBrecpate e aca, taa
Pbel TRCL.

,FUNCTIO NS cellte
&cution of twe hal
a omects
COmplate the siucit nuubality of
ilostrical
mantains e sAntinufu
(b) t e r d e r t o w e senm
solutien In
tha
nUmAued han 0tagt
C) att Midg
dops ~e zert.
teiquid-liouud junctien
) puwib
ottntial

CELL REPRE8ENTATION:-

+A n+Cu2t Xn2t + Cu
C6) Ca,) Caa) C)

Zn Zn+2e
Cu
Cut+2e

Tnl)| Zns04 (aa)||usO4 (zq)| Cu)

 Standand.
Ecell ErigltELest petetial
= Reduchien
Potentia
EceRe=ERiyht - Eet
aidatiom potertial
-Xeducti en
Potential
Sjenoal
Cel Representatoy

Neuetral lechron released Eetmgaimed leutral

speces
Species
ANDDE CATHODE
The potential deweleped between mekal aleetrdos
and e 30utien oits ieNs at M Cencimtrain
at t o t pIAAL and 218 K s Rnown as
1atm
Standad elastdde Patemtial
Blectrod Peterdial

aidntien Patetial (0.P Reduchen

O Mls)- -Mh*(a) +ne" Potemha
Tendany-to et &aidied Tes RP
grekter exidation potential

M+ne M(s)
(an)
4 nuducion psBenti
- a Tes wtll beltho
fehdaneyte
edude
l e c t r v a e Potential depenos upEm
temeeNtraién selucion
uy P r s u r e
( ) twmpenatw
 redueing agent
Handand Reduchion Value mene(-ve) qoed oidikma agenta
tardard Reduction Nalu mee+ve-qeod

xti- i t + 4e AE =- 305
Lit1e >Li

Aetvati8n enung
which snOateH han
L i h a s greater te which ut uleases
imuatibn Anvgy dua
Kst

size Li has ughest

chage denrty
smalv
D u e te attratted by-e
Awater mokociles
s0 ater re:
Lier 0 Aplvatien Rniogy of Li den us Jey M .
most wactive matal
7 Hence

F+1e F (AE -+ve4 lange)

8ridisingperA
it is
Flueine has h e highest
mest wactive Men-matal

(piluteacid +a H2lg91)
AFcell-ve

AEcel +ve (DiQute acd + :

A
Mcal abeve tycogen (AEce==ve)
D&pla H2la)om dilute mineral ncid.
Zn + H504 AnsoytH2)1
u H2S04 X n9 TODchi6n

raacVe
Mere Teactive mtal /men-Matal soblaces Soss
motal Men- MOAal in h Buctien.
Cu + AgNo Cu Nog 12A
Cuhos) NO TCActieN
NERST EQUATION
Scierrriat Naeter Nerst

Fceel Lencenttion e4 iona" |

emb g1atw

M +Me M
= EMn*|Mn RI RnlPrvduuct)
EMntM F LReactant

4 frmntve)
Se In
a l Sathe e
deneminatov

E M EytM RT
= &nM)
.NE

twtM=f*u-RT mL
mF M7

R 8 314 JK-mel-
1F 96500 Cmel-1
=

T 218 K
2 . 3 0 3 Xog-10o
. n =

1
Eum|M-0.0511 0091
ut|M = Mht

Foum Daniel e l l : -
paLzn2t]

O0591
E e e l = E c e l l
- 2
Cout
 FLECTRODE PÜTENTAL & PH OF HYDROGIFN
CALCU LAT 1ON OF
ELECTRODE

2HT+2e t2l9)
lag eH27
2HtH, E 24tlH.-0.0511
2 CH+]2
pt. 1
E2Ht|H,-0.0541 oa.
E2Ht H =
2

F24t|Ha Ot0:051 loa[Ht]2

x O051 og LHt]

Ezut1P2 = o59 [H

2HlH= -0-05

E242=0.051 PH

fE
pH
PH MATURY

Mt +ne M
Eceu 1 1F
A-FE celt
e nF
E u Ko , AGYO reactien s met sbentaneeu.
Ecell0 GK0 WOct en s spentaneous
 A6 -m FEceee
AG=-MFEcelVit con eall
pecis iM uniti
Tachv

RELATIONSHIP B/ FQuILI BRIUm coNSTANT &

A
P R
Ecet Eceel-oOS o4 L
2

E cell = Ece R T DegR]

0
at eouilTbrumEcell =

tR = Kea
Ecell= RT Doa Ke
F E c e =
RLKert
AG=-RTn Kea
AG 2.303 RTLog Kea

cONDUCTANCE IN ELECTROLYIC30L
RESISTANCE R (onm's LAUo

Er a pwuhicul ar matena t Consfaut

Condittens
S-2 nit AmS)
 calto0
CONDUCTANCE nvose of vesisaint e
Cond uttake

Sumens s
Unit 2 ) s u 9mka:0_ea/
ST

RESISTIVITYsANCE
SPECI FI
Resistance Ra Cmducter us dinetly pebotianal.

te ts leneth invesel pseportiem ad to its

ua oes8-sechen.

R f
relt fonstant=
R $6" ST unit 2m )
A

Ohm r
ST unt 3 Sm
(Suimoma m)
WRhwn . KxA =1e
A

R-S
Acm 3elutien Reustance
Spedtic esustanceResistivity

Resictivity Resistauee)
Volumeefsolutien)|

SPECIFICCONDUCTANCE Aeined asuciprteal e Apoci

8oNDUCTIViTY ( dsistcance ST unit mho m-
K Sm-
Conductance
Velum (zTm-)
RA
A
METALLIC/FLECTRONIC
mital
ature k slmutww tAu attm
plobtronsbeA
numben o ngalenca
temp012tuIuL.
duKUDIAL wtu J n o u a u n
Conductantg
metallic
tombatune

Conduofance
Valence Band R
AEa(forbiddlen Tna£Dpil
Bandl e

ELE CTROLYTIC CONDUCTANCE

addad
nlertoolyte and i v nstvatien.
seBvatien.
ONature al and hein
Jenpoddused
S i z e ep e
e n e r y mor 20
more solvatien ulILdu
Lit F BUSLOUNd
bertbmes
Nat
9nlcules
euw mebiEt
ztoTe e c t i e AAdiu
oLit Cenduetance erdor
descending- Prde
Rbt Oodor
in
RbTKT> Nat Lit(decocas

L e a E - N a t u r e a { s e l v e r t V 8 C e I t y

C e n c e n t r a t i e n t h e electaplte

Temb2Hatuwneles electavlytid

Conduatance e s
TEm peTature 1
KE T e
mebility e ionsTes
emAuctance Tes

diectCuerrt
Ddiaect eumet)
Conductance

For a
ptic D.C can J oàd te change
eaa 0
because D.C elocbeltic
due to elecbolfic
wet used cembesduen cendaetante
Jlectoetyte în electotlntic
in AC s tued
suacien.
MEASURE MENTOF THE CONDUCTIVITY, OF TOAIC o1E
conduwtance of/e«o fena
ase
i a dekinod eloctpyte re3ent îngyen.
aduced Amol o A'mo loctrotte
soutiendvducedy

velumo o holume of
Yseluhien)

ghven
esent i t t e

Am=K (Sm-1)
mol

Smme-1
wn unit -
mel-
ArnUunit 3-
imetm 1000 molauty/rnbk
m

\m 1000XK
M

x1000

Nomalty
mMey,
Relact en bo =MelanMy XValom
Am factor 0
Nen nlacter)

Fer Acid
acidic H*
-No 0t

anuen.
= no8h Catiem= MI e
n-0.84" lctrons Lnoianggdd