AFRICA-INDIA

Facts & Figures

2015
AFRICA-INDIA
Facts & Figures

2015
© 2015 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and Confederation of Indian Industry
All rights reserved
First printing October 2015

ISBN: 978-99944-61-83-7
eISBN: 978-99944-62-83-4

Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment

is requested, together with a copy of the publication.

The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official
views of the Confederation of Indian Industry and the United Nations or its Members.

Economic Commission for Africa Confederation of Indian Industry

P.O. Box 3001 The Mantosh Sondhi Centre
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 23, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003 (India)
Tel: +251 11 544-9900 T: 91 11 45771000 / 24629994-7
Fax: +251 11 551-4416 F: 91 11 24626149
E-mail: ecainfo@uneca.org E-mail: info@cii.in
Web: www.uneca.org Web: www.cii.in
CONTENTS

FOREWORD iii

STATISTICAL HIGHLIGHTS iv

1. INTERACTION INDICATORS 1

1.1 Inward and outward direct investment positions 2

1.2 India’s development partnership with Africa 4
1.3 Trade 8
1.4 Population of overseas Indians in Africa 16
1.5 Student mobility 17
1.6 African tourists arrivals to India 19

2. COMPARISON INDICATORS 22

2.1 Population and labour force 23

2.2 Education 28
2.3 Research outputs 30
2.4 Health 31
2.5 Gross domestic product 38
2.6 Agriculture and food production 42
2.7 Electricity 45
2.8 Oil reserves 48
2.9 Financial sector 49
2.10 Public finance 52
2.11 Tourism 55
2.12 Information society 56

SOURCE LIST 57

FIGURE LIST 58

FOREWORD
Africa and India have had a rich distinguished
history, first ushered by Indian traders led by
the seasonal monsoon winds before they up-
scaled their presence in the 17th century due
to the abundance of spices on the East African
coast. The colonial period brought with it a new
demand for Indian Labour. Today, the relationship
is vibrant and multilayered. It is one of equal
partners focused on prosperity and a quest for
mutually beneficial economic development. The
result is that annual trade between India and
Africa stands at US$ 75 billion making India
the third largest trading partner of Africa.
The data in this publication bears testimony
to the depth and breadth of the sectors that
Africa and India place the greatest levels of
engagement. Both entities recognize that the
development of micro, small and medium-scale
enterprises is a necessary first step towards
industrialization. The importance of a robust
financial sector for economic development
has been acknowledged in the cooperation
policy, leading to the development and
growth of regulatory frameworks that have
spawned new ways of doing business. In
addition, regional cooperation and economic
integration have generated financial support
to mutually agreed integration programmes
and projects. Ultimately, the data, which cuts
across a remarkable breadth of sectors tells
Carlos Lopes
United Nations Under-Secretary-General and
Executive Secretary of ECA
iii
AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015
the story of two parties working towards
achieving common prosperity and progress.
In the area of science and technology, Africa and
India share the common objective of enhancing
collaborative research, strengthening science
and technology institutions and cashing in on
the growth of a south-south dynamic information
economy. In this new era of Sustainable
Development Goals, Africa and India share a
common understanding on many fronts, such
as the need to reinforce their cooperation
in human resource development, upgrade
healthcare systems and improve basic sanitation
to stem the spread of diseases resulting from
poor hygiene and environmental sanitation.
It is in this backdrop that the Confederation
of Indian Industry (CII) in collaboration
with the United Nations Economic
Commission for Africa (ECA) have come
together to produce this publication titled
“Africa-India: Facts & Figures 2015”.
It is our hope that the information in this
publication will provide a much-needed snapshot
of the potential for even greater collaboration
and investment. By the year 2063, new and
vibrant trade winds would have taken Africa and
India to new heights of exchange and prosperity
whose seeds are only now being sown.
Chandrajit Banerjee
Director General
Confederation of Indian Industry
STATISTICAL HIGHLIGHTS

I n 2013, 13.6 BILLION USD of India’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) stocks
were in Africa. This figure accounted for 16% OF THE COUNTRY’S TOTAL FDI
STOCKS, which is outstanding compared to the relative importance of Africa in
big economies’ total FDI stocks such as Brazil (9%), USA (1.2%) or China (0.8%).
In the same year, 65.4 BILLION USD of the inward FDI stocks in India came from
FDI Africa which is 26% OF THE COUNTRY’S TOTAL INWARD FDI STOCKS.

DEVELOPMENT TRADE
PARTNERSHIP

I ndia’s development partnership

with Africa is in the form of capacity
building and training, grant assistance
and concessional credit or lines of
credit. India has offered Lines of Credit
worth 7.4 BILLION USD under the first
India Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) and
a contribution of 10 MILLION USD for
the UN Fund for Ebola. Also, since IAFS
in 2011, a total of 25,000 scholarships
have been utilized to Africans.
I n 2014, AFRICA accounted for 11%
of INDIA’S EXPORTS and 9% of its
IMPORTS where mineral products were
the major trade commodity. Since 2010,
INDIA’S EXPORTS to and IMPORTS from
Africa INCREASED by 93% and 28%,
respectively. In the meantime, AFRICA’S
share from INDIA’S total EXPORTS has
INCREASED from 8.1% to 10.9%.

POPULATION

MOBILITY O ver the last three decades, both India

and Africa have experienced a rapid
increase in their population. AFRICA has
DOUBLED ITS POPULATION between

A s of January 2015, the number

of Indians and persons of Indian
origin in Africa was estimated to be
2.76 MILLION which accounted about
10% OF THE TOTAL INDIANS LIVING
OVERSEAS. In Africa, most of Indian
population were residing in South
Africa (56%) and Mauritius (32%).
1980 and 2010, and India is expect to
do so by 2020. However, the population
of Africa is expected to surpass that of
India, by 2023. In 2050 the population of
Africa will account for A QUARTER OF
THE WORLD POPULATION, while the
population of Africa and India together will
account for 43% of the world population.

iv
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

W ith the decline in fertility, the proportion of YOUNG population in

Africa is expected to decrease from 41.6% TO 32.2% between 2015
and 2050. Similarly, in India the proportion of children will decrease from
31.8% TO 19.1%. The proportion of OLD AGE population is expected
AGE to increase 1.4 AND 2.6 TIMES more in Africa and India respectively.

EDUCATION HEALTH

T he gross enrollment ratios in

SECONDARY EDUCATION continue
to be lower in both Africa and India, with
around 47% AND 69% respectively.
EMPLOYMENT
B etween 1990 and 2013, AFRICA has
REDUCED neonatal MORTALITY,
infant mortality and under-five mortality
rates by 31.1%, 43.4% AND 48.9%,
respectively. In INDIA, the percentage
DECLINE of the MORTALITY rates for
the same period were 43.1%, 53.4%
AND 57.4%. There was a DECREASE
of the percentage of UNDERWEIGHT
CHILDREN in Africa and India between
1990 and 2012. According to the latest

T he total unemployment rate in

AFRICA varied between 8.1%
and 9.8% during the years 1990 to
data in India for 2014, the prevalences of
underweight and stunting have sharply
declined to 29.4% and 38.7% respectively.
2014. On the other hand, in INDIA
the unemployment rate was between
3.5% and 4.3% during the same
period. In both Africa and India,
YOUTH unemployment was higher than
adult unemployment. Moreover, the
unemployment rate of FEMALES was
more than that of their male counterparts.

GDP

CROPS
O ver the last ten years AFRICA,
as a continent, has had HIGHER
GDP per capita than INDIA. Africa’s

T here is similarity in key crop production

composition between India and Africa.
TOP 4 crops produced in INDIA in 2013
are among the TOP 9 crops cultivated
in AFRICA in the same year with sugar
cane being ranked at the first and the
second in India and Africa respectively.
GDP per capita was 33% higher in
2014. 21 African countries had HIGHER
GDP per capita than India, and 33 had
LOWER figures. Between 2006 and
2014, INDIA had an average annual
GDP growth rate of 7.5% while Africa
grew by 4.8% annually on average.

v
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

1. INTERACTION STATISTICS

1
1.1 INWARD AND OUTWARD DIRECT INVESTMENT POSITIONS
1.1.1 OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT STOCKS (INDIA)

FIGURE 1: O
 UTWARD FDI STOCKS OF INDIA
IN AFRICA (BILLION USD)

100.0

100.0
Africa
50.0
Africa
World
50.0
World 10.0

10.0 2010 2011 2012 2013

OUTWARD FDI STOCKS OF SELECTED COUNTRIES

2010 2011 IN 2012 2013
AFRICA AND IN THE WORLD
Africa -0.002(BILLION USD)
-0.062 1.700 2.099
China China India India Brazil Brazil

World 136.823 154.347 203.922 225.635

Africa -0.002 -0.062 1.700 2.099
World
Africa 136.823
11.900 154.347
16.400 203.922
12.400 225.635
13.600
World 71.315 78.541 79.675 84.342
Africa 11.900 16.400 12.400 13.600
World
Africa 71.315
6.377 78.541
5.826 79.675
6.175 84.342
9.025
World 849.684 953.685 1,002.383 1,077.363
Africa 6.377 5.826 6.175 9.025
World
Federation

Africa 849.684
1.477 953.685
1.010 1,002.383
2.168 1,077.363
2.014
United UnitedRussian Russian

World 365.905 362.932 406.295 385.315

Federation

Africa 1.477 1.010 2.168 2.014

World
Africa 365.905
52.426 362.932
51.617 406.295
52.971 385.315
55.543
States States

World 3,741.910 4,050.026 4,384.671 4,660.906

Africa 52.426 51.617 52.971 55.543
World 3,741.910 4,050.026 4,384.671 4,660.906

In 2013, 16% of India’s total foreign direct investment stocks were in Africa.

Altogether, India has the second largest FDI stocks in Africa after the United States of
America. However, in terms of relative importance of Africa in the countries’ total FDI
stocks, India is outstanding. In 2013, 16% of India’s total FDI stocks were in Africa, while
Brazil and China had 9% and 0.8% of their FDI stocks in the continent, respectively.

2
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP

1.1.2 INWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT STOCKS FROM AFRICA (INDIA)

FIGURE 2: AFRICA FDI STOCKS IN INDIA (BILLION USD)

200.0

200.0
150.0

Africa 150.0

Africa 100.0
World
100.0
World
50.0

50.0

2010 2011 2012 2013

2010 2011 2012 2013

OUTWARD FDI STOCKS OF AFRICA AND THE WORLD

IN SELECTED COUNTRIES (BILLION USD)

Africa 1.428 1.970 2.090 1.875

China China India India Brazil Brazil

World 670.042 692.938 737.274 715.182

Africa 1.428 1.970 2.090 1.875
World 670.042 692.938 737.274 715.182
Africa 57.031 56.546 58.021 65.418
World 212.725 210.608 218.666 249.288
Africa 57.031 56.546 58.021 65.418
World 212.725 210.608 218.666 249.288
Africa 26.009 28.619 31.216 47.713
World 2,574.709 2,948.808 3,211.271 3,550.143
Africa 26.009 28.619 31.216 47.713
World 2,574.709 2,948.808 3,211.271 3,550.143
Federation

Africa 1.047 0.904 1.143 0.268

UnitedUnitedRussianRussian

World 489.256 455.904 496.396 472.281

Federation

Africa 1.047 0.904 1.143 0.268

World 489.256 455.904 496.396 472.281
Africa 2.183 1.391 3.676 2.371
States States

World 2,280.044 2,433.848 2,605.755 2,763.956

Africa 2.183 1.391 3.676 2.371
World 2,280.044 2,433.848 2,605.755 2,763.956

In 2013, 26% of the inward FDI stocks in India came from Africa.

Compared to Brazil, China, the Russian Federation and the United States of America, India has
the largest inward FDI stocks from Africa, with a total of 65 billion USD in 2013. The importance of
African investment is outstanding in India: Africa accounts for 26% of India’s total inward FDI stocks.

3
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP

1.2 INDIA’S DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP WITH AFRICA

1.2.1 LINES OF CREDIT OFFERED THROUGH THE EXIM BANK OF INDIA

FIGURE 3: L
 INES OF CREDIT BY SECTORS (%)
Shipping and Ship-building 1%
Railways 2% Aviation 0.2%
Steel 0.2%
Tech and Comm 2% Engineering and Construction 0.1%
Construction 2%
Cement 2%
Automobile 3%
Others 3%

Irrigation 3%

Power 29%

Rural Electrification 6%

Agriculture 10%

Engineering 14%

Roads and Transport 11%

Sugar Plant 12%

India’s development partnership with Africa is in the form of capacity building and
training, grant assistance and concessional credit or lines of credit.

Grants
• Under the India Africa Forum Summit I (IAFS-I), India announced a grant of 500 million USD (Rs. 2,700
crores) to assist capacity building in Africa through setting up of specialized institutions and extending
scholarships and training programmes and implementing the Pan Africa e-Network project.
• At IAFS-II, India announced a grant of 700 million USD (Rs. 3,300 crores).

Under the IAFS, India has offered Lines of Credit worth USD 7.4 billion
USD which includes a total of 137 projects in 41 countries.

5
1.2.2 SCHOLARSHIPS

• Between the first two Summits (2008-2011) a total of 15,000

scholarships have been offered to Africans.
• Since the India Africa Forum Summit in 2011, a total of 25,000 scholarships have been
utilised to Africans. Under several programmes operated by the Government of India such as
the ITEC, ICCR, CV Raman Scientific Fellowships, Special Agricultural Scholarships, Short-
term specialised Training programmes, and distance learning through Pan Africa e-network
are provided to Africans. These include more than 300 training programmes conducted at
over 60 institutions in addition to the higher education scholarships at various universities.
• India Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC), formalised in 1964, has
been sharing India’s development experience and expertise in a range of
areas with fellow developing countries for the past five decades.
• The Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) also has longstanding programme since 1960s
to provide scholarships for higher education for Post Graduate and PhD degree programmes.
• Areas of Training: The areas of training and capacity building are of vital interest to
African countries. They include IT, renewable energy, agriculture, marine & aeronautical
engineering, marine hydrography, SME entrepreneurship, rural development, parliamentary
affairs, logistics and management, climate change adaptation, disaster management,
cyber security, forensic sciences, and defense and security, among others.

1.2.3 PAN-AFRICA E-NETWORK

The Pan Africa e-Network project has provided another innovative model of
cooperation by providing an efficient tool to bridge the digital divide and provide
affordable and easy access to quality education and healthcare to our peoples. The
project links a large number of premier universities in both India and Africa.

The Project connects the nations of the African Union by a satellite and fiber optic network that would
provide effective communication for Tele-education, Tele-medicine, Internet, Videoconferencing.

Twelve Super Speciality hospitals and five top ranking Universities from India are presently
providing Tele-medicine and Tele-education services to African member countries on this
network. From the African side five designated Regional University Centres (RUCs) namely
(1) Cameroon (2) Egypt (3) Ghana (4) Mauritius (5) Malawi and five Regional Super Speciality
Hospitals (RSSHs) namely (1) Nigeria (2) Republic of Congo (3) Mauritius (4) Egypt (5)
Senegal are showcasing Indian capabilities in Information Technology sector in Africa.

FIGURE 4: PAN AFRICA E-NETWORK

Regional University Centres Regional Super Speciality
(RUCs) in Africa Hospitals (RSSHs) in Africa
• Cameroon • Nigeria
• Egypt • Congo
• Ghana • Mauritius
• Mauritius • Egypt
• Malawi • Senegal

6
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP

1.2.4 CAPACITY BUILDING THROUGH INSTITUTIONS

India is setting up specialised institutions in various African countries as part of its capacity
building efforts in the continent. These institutions focus on enhancing vocational skills,
education planning and administration, renewable energy, agriculture and food processing,
rural development, weather forecasting, life and earth sciences, foreign trade, entrepreneurship
development, English language training besides some specialised sectors.

1.2.5 INDIA’S ASSISTANCE FOR COMBATING EBOLA

India offered a contribution of 10 million USD for the UN Fund for Ebola and an additional
fund of 2 million USD for the purchase of protective gear to tackle Ebola for the three Ebola
affected countries of West Africa. In addition, India extended a bilateral assistance of 50,000
USD to Guinea and Liberia and provided a cash assistance of 500,000 USD to WHO.

FIGURE 5: FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR FIGHT AGAINST EBOLA

10 MILLION USD
for the UN Fund
for Ebola

2 MILLION USD for the purchase of protective gear

for the three Ebola affected countries of West Africa

50,000 USD bilateral assistance to Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone

500,000 USD cash assistance to WHO

7
1.3 TRADE
1.3.1 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS

FIGURE 6: T
 OTAL TRADE OF INDIA TO AFRICA AND THE
WORLD AS REPORTED BY INDIA (BILLION USD)

EXPORT

282.9 2014
To the rest 302.5 2013
of the world 262.3
278.1 2012
202.5 2011
34.6 2010
34.1
To Africa 27.3
23.3
17.9

317.5
336.6
Total 289.6
301.5
220.4

IMPORT

419.0
From the rest 426.6
of the world 446.0
422.6
318.6

40.4
39.4
To Africa 43.0
39.8
31.4

459.4
466.0
Total 489.0
462.4
350.0

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0

In 2014 Africa accounted for 11% of India’s exports and 9% of its imports. Since 2010,
India’s exports to and imports from Africa increased by 93% and 28%, respectively. In the
meantime, Africa’s share from India’s total exports has increased from 8.1% to 10.9%.

8
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TRADE

FIGURE 7: TRADE FLOWS OF INDIA AND OTHER MAJOR PARTNERS

WITH AFRICA FROM 2010 TO 2014 (BILLION USD)
250
239.4

222.4
Imports
EU-28

200 203.3
Exports
180.7
188.1

163.7

150

113.2 115.7

China 105.8
100
92.9

84.9

60.4

USA
50 57.9
43.0
40.4 38.0
34.6 34.5
30.8 India
28.2
Brazil
17.4 14.3 17.1 Russian Federation
11.3 9.7 7.2
9.7 4.7
12.2
0 9.1
Each line represents development between 2010 and 2014 2.1 2.8

Overtaking the United States of American with 40 billion of US Dollars of imports, India
came as third African trade partner, in 2014 just after the European Union and China.

9
FIGURE 8: T
 OP FIVE IMPORT/EXPORT COMMODITIES BY
INDIA TO/FROM AFRICA IN 2014 (MILLION USD)

India
11,384 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous 1
minerals, other than crude; preparations not elsewhere specified
or included, containing by weight 70 % or more of petroleum
oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils
being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils

2,476 Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 2

30.02, 30.05 or 30.06) consisting of mixed or unmixed
products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up
1,006 Coconuts, Brazil nuts and 5
in measured doses (including those in the form of
cashew nuts, fresh or dried, whether
transdermal administration systems) or in forms or
or not shelled or peeled
packings for retail sale

1,202 Diamonds, whether or not worked, 4

1,736 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally 3
designed for the transport of persons (other than those of but not mounted or set
heading 87.02), including station wagons and racing cars
2,525 Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar 3
solid fuels manufactured from coal
1,575 Rice 4

3,075 Gold (including gold plated with platinum) 2

809 Meat of bovine animals, frozen 5
unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in
powder form

25,230 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 1

bituminous minerals, crude

Africa

The top five commodities imported from India by African countries in 2014 were: petroleum
oil and related, rice, medicaments, motor cars and frozen meat of bovine animals.

The top five commodities constitute about 52% of India’s export to Africa in 2014.

Top commodities imported by India from Africa in 2014 were petroleum oils, gold, coal, diamonds,
coconuts and nuts. These commodities constitute 82% of India’s import from Africa.

10
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TRADE

FIGURE 9: T
 OP FIVE INDIA’S EXPORT AND IMPORT
PARTNERS (MILLION USD)
1. South Africa 5,722
2. Kenya 4,405
3. United Rep. of Tanzania 3,714 India
4. Egypt 3,136
5. Nigeria 2,872

1. Nigeria 15,663

Africa 2. South Africa 5,994

3. Angola 5,642
4. Egypt 1,873
5. Botswana 1,046

South Africa (17% of total), Kenya (13%), Tanzania (11%), Egypt (9%) and Nigeria (8%) were the top
African importers from India in 2014. Meanwhile, the largest exporters from the continent to India
were Nigeria (39% of total), South Africa (15%), Angola (14%), Egypt (5%) and Botswana (3%).

11
1.3.2 MINERAL FUELS AND RELATED PRODUCT TRADE

FIGURE 10: M
 INERAL FUELS AND RELATED PRODUCTS IMPORTED
BY INDIA FROM AFRICA IN 2014 (BILLION USD)

Nigeria 15.501

Angola 5.463
South Africa 2.308

Egypt 1.480

Equatorial Guinea 0.714

Gabon 0.701

Algeria 0.634
India
Sudan 0.573

Cameroon 0.546

Mozambique 0.236
Guinea 0.222

Congo 0.184

World 176.949
15.5

In decreasing order, Nigeria, Angola, South Africa, Egypt and Equatorial Guinea were top mineral
fuels exporters to India in 2014. In the same year, India imported 16% of its mineral fuels needs
from Africa and the top five countries constituted 88% of Africa’s mineral fuel exports to India.

12
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TRADE

FIGURE 11: M
 AIN MINERAL FUELS (NON-CRUDE) IMPORTERS
FROM INDIA IN 2013 (MILLION USD)

37 Nigeria
79 Ghana
143 Namibia
183 Togo

530
Egypt

593
Mauritius 2,696
Tanzania

1,134
Mozambique

2,003
South Africa 2,374
Kenya

13
1.3.3 PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORT/EXPORT OF AFRICA FROM/TO INDIA

FIGURE 12: INDIA’S PHARMACEUTICAL EXPORT AND IMPORT

TO AFRICAN COUNTRIES (MILLION USD)

Export

90.1
Zimbabwe

104.1
Zambia
119.4

111.7
Ethiopia
127.2

138.8
Uganda
144.5

153.4
Ghana
146.9

204.5
Tanzania
137.8

230.4
Kenya
212.6

376.4
Nigeria
373.7

432.8
South Africa
488.7

0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0

2013 2014

All African countries import pharmaceuticals from India. In 2014 pharmaceutical products
accounted for 2.8 billion USD, or 8% of India’s total exports to Africa. The main export
destinations were South Africa (17% of Indian pharmaceutical exports to Africa), Nigeria
(15%) and Kenya (9%). Overall, Africa is a huge market for India’s pharmaceutical exports:
in 2014, 25% of the total exports of this product group were shipped to Africa.

14
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TRADE

Import

0.03
Tanzania
0.00

0.05
Congo
0.00

0.13
Morocco
0.00

0.18
Swaziland
0.01

0.17
Ethiopia
0.05

3.02
South Africa
3.91

2.98
Egypt
4.62

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00

2013 2014

India is importing much less pharmaceuticals from the world than its exports. In 2014 Africa
represented 0.4% of these imports, mainly thanks to South Africa and Egypt (3 million USD each).

15
1.4 POPULATION OF OVERSEAS INDIANS IN AFRICA
FIGURE 13: POPULATION OF OVERSEAS INDIANS IN AFRICA
Malawi Sudan Angola Other
10,000 Egypt 11,736
Liberia

Ghana Seychelles Libya Rwanda Benin Algeria

10,000
Ethiopia DRC Zimbabwe Botswana
10,015

Mozambique Madagascar Zambia

21,500 20,000 12,000

Mauritius
Uganda Nigeria
891,894
27,000 25,000

Kenya Tanzania
70,000 53,100

South Africa
1,550,000

Persons of Indian Origin

(PIO) proportion

100%
80%
60%
40
20%
0%

As of January 2015, the number of Indians and persons of Indian origin living in Africa
was estimated to be 2.76 million which accounted about 10% of the total number of
overseas Indians and persons of Indian origin. In Africa, most of Indians and persons
of Indian origin were residing in South Africa (56%) and Mauritius (32%).
16
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

MOBILITY

1.5 STUDENT MOBILITY

FIGURE 14: N
 UMBER OF AFRICAN STUDENTS ATTENDING
INDIAN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

2,558 2,969 2,369 1,893 1,694 1,818 2,065 5,510 6,022

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2011 2012

=1,000 students =100 students =10 students

The number of African students attending Indian tertiary institutions is

on a gradual increase since 2000, exceeding 6,000 in 2012.

Out of 6,022 African students who attended Indian tertiary institutions in 2012,
Sudan, Tanzania, Rwanda and Kenya accounted for more than 50%.

17
FIGURE 15: A
 FRICAN STUDENTS ATTENDING INDIAN
HIGHER INSTITUTIONS IN 2012

6,022
6,000
5,510

5,000 1,369 Sudan

777 Tanzania
4,000

719 Rwanda
2,969
3,000 491 Kenya

2,558 2,369 391 Congo

2,065 326 Nigeria
2,000
305 Mauritius
1,893 1,818
1,694 284 Côte d'Ivoire
275 Uganda
1,000 231 Ethiopia
125 Burundi
109 South Africa
96
61
53
52
39
38
33
29
25
24
22

0
18
15
14
14
13
12
10
10

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2011 2012

Number of African Students

18
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TOURISM

1.6 AFRICAN TOURISTS ARRIVALS TO INDIA

FIGURE 16: T
 OURISTS ARRIVALS FROM AFRICA TO
INDIA BY PURPOSE OF VISIT IN 2013 (%)

18.8
23.9

8.7
Africa Total

14.2
23.2

11.2

Business and Professional Leisure, Holiday & Recreation Visiting Friends & Relatives
Medical Treatment Education Others

19
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Egypt 55.2 14.2 4.6 1.13.1 21.8
FIGURE 17: TOURIST ARRIVALS FROM AFRICA TO INDIA BY
PURPOSE OF VISIT AND COUNTRY IN 2013 (%)

Egypt Kenya Mauritius

16% 15% 12%

22%
35% 4%
5%
3% 18%
1%
5% 55%
13%

14% 2% 51%
9% 20%

Nigeria South Africa Sudan

11% 12% 17%

28% 1%1% 27% 25%
9%
13% 8%

6%
6%
4% 9%
42% 35%
46%

Tanzania Others

14% 17% Business & Professional

26% 29% Leisure, Holiday & Recreation
Visiting Friends & Relatives
18%
16% Medical Treatment
11% Education
14% Others
12% 14%
19% 10%

20
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TOURISM

FIGURE 18: TOURISTS ARRIVALS FROM AFRICA TO INDIA

80,000
73,396
70,000
67,639 Others

60,000 58,430
58,023 South Africa
55,688
51,608 50,161
50,000

40,000 40,969 40,484 Kenya

36,762
33,537 34,037 34,522 Nigeria
30,000 29,223 30,045
27,418 Mauritius
23,893 25,013
22,091 23,345 Tanzania
21,672 21,862
20,000 19,470
17,645
15,062 Egypt
10,571
10,000 8,017 8,791
8,778 Sudan
8,414 9,626
7,418

2010 2011 2012 2013

21
2. COMPARISON INDICATORS

22
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

POPULATION STATISTICS

2.1 POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE

FIGURE 19: MID-YEAR POPULATION (MILLION)

3.000

2.500
Africa

2.000

1.500
India

1.000

500

-
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2050
Africa 477.97 550.03 631.61 720.42 814.06 920.24 1,044.11 1,186.18 1,340.10 1,504.21 1,679.30 2,477.54

India 697.23 782.09 870.60 960.88 1,053.48 1,144.33 1,230.99 1,311.05 1,388.86 1,461.63 1,527.66 1,705.33

Over the last three decades, both India and Africa have experienced a rapid increase in their
population. Africa has doubled its population between 1980 and 2010, and India is expect to do
so by 2020. However, the population of Africa is expected to surpass that of India, by 2023.

23
FIGURE 20: BASIC DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

TOTAL POPULATION (‘000)

INDIA AFRICA

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

- -
1950 2015 2050 1950 2015 2050

Sex Ratio 105.399 107.608 105.384 98.637 100.123 100.508

(Males: Females)

AGE STRUCTURE
0.022 0.038 0.021 0.024 0.059
0.137 0.191
0.389 0.318 0.422 0.322
0.416
0.589 0.645 0.671 0.563 0.553 0.619

Young (0-14) (% of total) Adult (% of total) Old (% of total)

DEPENDENCY RATIO
Total Dependency 0.684 0.524 0.490 0.804 0.801 0.615
Ratio (%)
Young Dependency 0.631 0.439 0.285 0.746 0.738 0.520
Ratio (%)
Old Dependency 0.078 0.119 0.257 0.089 0.097 0.135
Ratio (%)

24
 India Africa AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015
1,000
<1 24.3 39.2

<5 123.7
POPULATION
185.2
STATISTICS

FIGURE
5-14 21: AGE GROUPS
253.7(MILLION) 300.8 500
India Africa 1,000
15-24 241.5 229.6
<1 24.3 39.2
15-49 702.0 570.0 250
<5 123.7 185.2
15-64 860.0 658.7
5-14 253.7 300.8 500
50
15 or over 933.6 700.2
15-24 241.5 229.6 25
65 or over 73.6 41.5 0
15-49 702.0 570.0 250

15-64 860.0 658.7

50
15 or over 933.6 700.2
25
65 or over 73.6 41.5 0

FIGURE 22: POPULATION STRUCTURE

Age India Age Africa

100 1950 100 1950
90 2015 90 2015
2100 2100
80 80
70 Male Female 70 Male Female
60 60
50 50
40Age India 40Age Africa
100
30 1950 100
30 1950
90 2015 90 2015
20 2100 20 2100
80
10 80
10
700 Male Female 700 Male Female
60 60
5% 0% 5% 5% 0% 5%
50 50
40 Children Ages 0-14 4000
40 Children Ages 0-14
1500 Adult Ages 15-64 Adult Ages 15-64
30 Old Ages 65+ 30 Old Ages 65+
20 3000
20
1000
10 10
0 20000
500 5% 0% 5% 5% 0% 5%
1000
Children Ages 0-14 4000 Children Ages 0-14
1500 Adult Ages 15-642015 Adult Ages 15-642015
0 Old Ages 65+ 0 Old Ages 65+
1950 2000 2050 2100 3000 1950 2000 2050 2100
1000
25 2000
500
1000
FIGURE 23: URBAN POPULATION (%)

60%

50%

40% Africa
India
30%
World

20%

10%

0%
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2050

FIGURE 24: AFRICA AND INDIA LABOUR FORCE (MILLION)

500

400

300
India

200 Africa

100

-
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013p2014p

Between 1950 and 2015, the total population of Africa increased by 418% while that of India
and the World increased by 248% and 191%, respectively. Furthermore, Africa’s population is
expected to more than double in 2050 as compared to the current population. During the same
period the population of India and the World will increase by only 30% and 32% respectively.
In 2050 the population of Africa will account for a quarter of the world population, while the
population of Africa and India together will account for 43% of the world population.

With the decline in fertility, the proportion of children in Africa is expected to decrease from
42.2% to 32.2% between 2015 and 2050. Similarly, in India the proportion of children
will decrease from 31.8% to 19.1%. The proportion of old age population is expected
to increase by 3.5 and 9.9 percentage points in Africa and India respectively.

26
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

POPULATION STATISTICS

FIGURE 25: OVERALL UNEMPLOYMENT (%)

Total unemployment rate (%)

10.000

8.000

6.000

4.000

-
1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014p

Youth unemployment rate (%)

16.000 World (%)
World: Male (%)
14.000 World: Female (%)
12.000 Africa (%)
Africa: Male (%)
10.000 Africa: Female (%)
8.000 India (%)
India: Male (%)
- India: Female (%)
1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014p

Adult unemployment rate (%)

8.000
7.000
6.000
5.000
4.000
3.000
2.000
-
1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014p

The total unemployment rate in Africa varied between 8.1% and 9.8% during the years 1990 to
2014. On the other hand, in India the unemployment rate was between 3.5% and 4.3% during the
same period. In both Africa and India, youth unemployment was higher than adult unemployment.
Moreover, the unemployment rate of females was more than that of their male counterparts.

27
2.2 EDUCATION
FIGURE 26: GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO IN PRIMARY
AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

PRIMARY EDUCATION

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

120

100

80

SECONDARY EDUCATION
70

60

50

40

30

-
Gross enrolment ratio
Africa India
Africa (male) India (male)
Africa (female) India (female)

Between 2000 and 2012, both Africa and India have improved their gross enrolment ratios in
primary education. As is shown in Table 18, the gross enrolment ratio in primary education has risen
consistently from 2000 to 2008 and has exceeded 100% in India between 2003 and 2011, and in
Africa between 2009 and 2012. In Africa, the gross enrolment ratio of males in primary education
was higher than the females. On the other hand, in India there has not been much difference
between the gross enrolment ratios of males and females, especially during the recent years.

The gross enrollment ratios in secondary education continue to be lower in

both Africa and India, with around 47% and 69% respectively.

28
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

EDUCATION STATISTICS

2.2.1 LITERACY RATE

FIGURE 27: LITERACY RATE

YOUTH LITERACY RATE, POPULATION 15-24 YEARS, BOTH SEXES (%)

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

70.6 70.6 70.6 70.6 70.6 70.6 72.8 72.8 72.8 72.8 72.8 72.8 72.8 72.8 .. .. ..

.. .. 76.4 .. .. .. .. 81.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 90.2

87.3 87.3 87.3 87.3 87.3 87.3 89.4 89.4 89.4 89.4 89.4 89.4 89.4 89.4 .. .. ..

ADULT LITERACY RATE, POPULATION 15+ YEARS, BOTH SEXES (%)

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 62.0 62.0 62.0 62.0 62.0 62.0 62.0 62.0 .. .. ..

.. .. 61.0 .. .. .. .. 62.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 71.2

81.9 81.9 81.9 81.9 81.9 81.9 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 .. .. ..

Africa India World

29
2.2.2 PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO

FIGURE 28: TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO 2000-2012

Primary School Primary School Secondary School Secondary School

Africa India Africa India
38:1 40:1 22:1 30:1

2.3 RESEARCH OUTPUTS

FIGURE 29: RESEARCH OUTPUTS

2013 38,794 16,040

2012 36,433 16,297

2011 35,166 16,543 India

Africa
2010 32,552 15,507

2009 30,558 14,753

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

30
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

HEALTH STATISTICS

2.4 HEALTH
2.4.1 MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO

FIGURE 30: MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO

(PER 100,000 LIVE BIRTHS)

1000

900

800

700

600
Africa
500 India
World
400

300

200

100

0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2013

Maternal mortality ratio decreased in both Africa and India between 1990 and 2013.
However, the pace of decline was moderate in Africa while India has recorded a
rapid decline with its maternal mortality ratio falling below the world average.

31
2.4.2 CHILD MORTALITY

FIGURE 31: UNDER-FIVE, INFANT AND NEONATAL

MORTALITY RATES (PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS)

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
1990 2000 2010 2013 1990 2000 2010 2013 1990 2000 2010 2013

Infant Mortality Rate Neo natal Mortality Rate Under-five Mortality Rate
(per 1000 live births) (per 1000 live births) (per 1000 live births)

World India Africa

Between 1990 and 2013, Africa has reduced neonatal mortality, infant mortality and under-five
mortality rates by 31.1%, 43.4% and 48.9%, respectively. In India, the percentage decline of the
mortality rates for the same period were 43.1%, 53.4% and 57.4%. In 1990, neonatal mortality rate
in India (51 per 1,000 live births) was higher than Africa (45 per 1,000 live births). However, by 2013
India had lower neonatal mortality rate (29 per 1,000 live births) than Africa (31 per 1,000 live births).

32
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

HEALTH STATISTICS

2.4.3 IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AMONG 1-YEAR-OLD

FIGURE 32: IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AMONG 1-YEAR-OLD (%)

100

80

60

40

20

0
1990 -2013 1990 -2013 1990 -2013

MCV BCG DTP3

Global India Africa

There has been an improvement in immunization coverage in both Africa and

India in 2013 when compared with 2000. However, the immunization coverage
in Africa and India have been lower than the world average. Africa needs to
improve immunization coverage, in particular in DTP3 and MCV areas.

33
2.4.4 PREVALENCE OF UNDERNOURISHMENT

FIGURE 33: PREVALENCE OF UNDERNOURISHMENT

IN TOTAL POPULATION (%)

CHILDREN AGED <5 YEARS UNDERWEIGHT (MODERATE AND SEVERE) (%)

1990 1995 2000 2005 2008-2012

AFRICA 34.3 31.9 29.7 27.5 24.6

INDIA 59.5 N.A. 53 40.3 42.5

GLOBAL 24.9 22.6 20.6 18.3 15.1

CHILDREN AGED <5 YEARS STUNT (MODERATE AND SEVERE) (%)

1990 1995 2000 2005 2008-2012

AFRICA 49.7 47.4 45.2 42.9 39.9

INDIA 66.2 N.A. 52 44.3 48.0

GLOBAL 39.8 35.9 32.6 29.3 24.7

There was a decrease of the percentage of underweight children in Africa and India
between 1990 and 2012. Africa has relatively small percentage of underweight
children when compared with India. However, both Africa and India have high
proportion of underweight children when compared with the world average.

34
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

HEALTH STATISTICS

FIGURE 34: CHILDREN AGED <5 YEARS UNDERWEIGHT

(MODERATE AND SEVERE) (%)

Africa India

3:10
1990 4:10

2:10
2012 6:10

FIGURE 35: C
 HILDREN AGED <5 YEARS STUNT
(MODERATE AND SEVERE) (%)

Africa India

5:10
1990 7:10

4:10
2012 5:10

In Africa the percentage of stunting has decreased from 50% in 1990 to 40% in 2012,
while the decrease in India during the same period was from 66% to 48%.

35
2.4.5 ACCESS TO IMPROVED DRINKING WATER

FIGURE 36: PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION WITH

IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCES

1990 2000 2012

AFRICA 55.4 56.9 71.8

INDIA 70.5 80.6 94.1

WORLD 76.4 82.5 90.9

With improved sources Without improved sources

Both Africa and India have shown progress in securing access to improved drinking
water source. However, having access to improved drinking water source remains a big
challenge in Africa, where only 71.8% of the population has access to improved drinking
water in 2015. On the other hand, in 2015 the percentage of Indian population that has
access to improved water source was 94.1%, which exceeded the world average.

36
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

HEALTH STATISTICS

2.4.6 IMPROVED SANITATION FACILITIES

FIGURE 37: IMPROVED SANITATION FACILITIES IN 2015 (%)

AFRICA 39.0

INDIA 39.6

WORLD 67.6

With improved facilities Without improved facilities

Between 1990 and 2015, the percentage of population using improved sanitation facilities in
Africa increased from 33% to 39%, while in India in India it increased from 17% to 40%.

37
2.5 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
2.5.1 GDP PER CAPITA BY COUNTRY

FIGURE 38: PER-CAPITA GDP OF TOP AND BOTTOM THREE

AFRICAN COUNTRIES AND INDIA IN 2014 (USD)

21'629 Equatorial Guinea

15'540 Seychelles

11'805 Gabon

363 Central African Republic

354 Malawi

270 Burundi 2'163

1'631
Africa
(average) India

Over the last ten years Africa, as a continent, has had higher GDP per capita
than India. Africa’s GDP per capita was 33% higher in 2014. 21 African countries
had higher GDP per capita than India, and 33 had lower figures.

38
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

FIGURE 39: PER-CAPITA GDP (USD)

GDP per capita of Africa and India

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Africa
India

39
2.5.2 GDP GROWTH RATE

FIGURE 40: ANNUAL GDP GROWTH RATE (%)

12

10

0
2007 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Africa India

Between 2006 and 2014, India had an average annual GDP growth rate
of 7.5% while Africa grew by 4.8% annually on average.

40
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

2.5.3 CONTRIBUTION OF SECTORS TO GDP

FIGURE 41: CONTRIBUTION OF SECTORS TO GDP (%)

AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY SERVICE

2005 2012 2013 2005 2012 2013 2005 2012 2013

Africa 15.2 15.5 15.6 38.8 35.1 34.4 46.1 49.3 49.9

India 19 18 18.2 28 26 24.8 53 56 57

FIGURE 42: STRUCTURE OF OUTPUT (%)

Africa India

15 19

46
2005 53
39 28

16 18

2013 50 57 25
34

Agriculture Industry Services

While the size of agriculture in the economy is fairly similar in Africa (15.6% of GDP
in 2013) and India (18.2%), the importance of the secondary and tertiary sectors are
slightly different. The services sectors is by far the largest in both countries, but in Africa
it accounts for 49.9% of the economy, while in India it gives 57% of the GDP.

41
2.6 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION
2.6.1 PER CAPITA FOOD PRODUCTION

FIGURE 43: FOOD PER CAPITA NET PRODUCTION

INDEX (BASE YEAR 2004-2006)

140

2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

120

100

80

India 99.2 100.1 103.8 111.5 112.4 108.4 115.4 121.1 122.2 124.9
Africa 92.4 99.8 101.9 98.4 102.3 101.2 104.1 102.3 104.8 105.9

Food production in India and Africa is on the increasing trend from 2000, reaching
Food per capita Net Production index value 125 and 106
Source: FAO respectively in 2013.

42
 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015
Sugar cane

Rice, paddy
ECONOMIC STATISTICS
Wheat

2.6.2 KEY CROPS PRODUCED IN INDIA AND AFRICA

Potatoes

FIGURE 44: TOP CROPS PRODUCED BY INDIA AND AFRICA

TOP 9 CROPS PRODUCED BY AFRICA (MILLIONS OF TONS) IN 2013
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Cassava (40 countries)

Sugar cane (40 countries)

Maize (50 countries)

Yams (25 countries)

Potatoes (40 countries)

Rice, paddy (43 countries)

Plantains (19 countries)

Wheat (33 countries)

Sorghum (43 countries)

TOP 4 CROPS PRODUCED BY INDIA (MILLIONS OF TONS) IN 2013

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Sugar cane

Rice, paddy

Wheat

Potatoes

Figure 44 show similarity in key crop production composition between India and Africa.
Top 4 crops (2013) of India can be all found in the top 9 crop list (2013) of Africa with
sugar cane being ranked at0 the first50and the100
second150
in India 200 250respectively.
and Africa 300 350 400

Cassava (40 countries)

43
Sugar cane (40 countries)
2.6.3 AREA UNDER CULTIVATION

FIGURE 45: ARABLE LAND (% OF LAND AREA) OF INDIA

AND TOP FIVE AFRICAN COUNTRIES

ARABLE LAND (% OF LAND AREA), SORTED BY 2012 VALUES

60.0 India 60.0 Togo

55.0 55.0
54.1 53.4
50.0 52.5 50.0
45.0 45.0 48.7
45.2
46.0 43.2
40.0 40.0 42.5 43.0
42.7
38.6 38.6
35.0 35.0
30.0 30.0
25.0 25.0
‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12

60.0 Rwanda 60.0 Comoros

55.0 55.0
50.0 50.0
45.0 46.3 47.9 45.0 47.3
45.2 44.3 45.4 44.2
40.0 40.0 43.0 43.0
40.5
35.0 35.0
30.0 30.0
25.0 25.0
‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12

60.0 Gambia 60.0 Burundi

55.0 55.0
50.0 50.0
45.0 45.0
44.5 43.5
40.0 40.0
42.8
35.0 35.0 37.4 38.6
37.0
30.0 30.0 33.1
30.6 32.6
31.6 29.0 29.9
25.0 27.7 27.7 25.0
‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12

In 2012, more than 50% of land is arable in India while only

three countries in Africa were close to that level.

44
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

2.7 ELECTRICITY
2.7.1 TOTAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

FIGURE 46: TOTAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION (BILLION KWHS)

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Africa India

45
2.7.2 TOTAL THERMAL PRODUCTION

FIGURE 47: TOTAL THERMAL PRODUCTION (BILLION KWHS)

India
Africa

552.9
760.4
535.2
708.8

2011 2012

2.7.3 TOTAL HYDRO PRODUCTION

FIGURE 48: HYDROELECTRICITY NET GENERATION

(BILLION KWHS)
115

110

105
Africa

India
100

95

90
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

46
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

2.7.4 ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

FIGURE 49: T
 OTAL ELECTRICITY NET
CONSUMPTION (BILLION KWHS)

1,000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Africa India

Total electricity consumption of India increased 40% from 2008 (621 billion
KWHs) to 2012 (865 billion KWHs). During the same period, Africa’s electricity
consumption increased 14% from 523 billion KWHs to 597 billion KWHs.

47
2.8 OIL RESERVES
FIGURE 50: C
 RUDE OIL PROVED RESERVES IN AFRICA
AND INDIA (MILLION BARRELS)

5,476
130,000
5,682 India
127,739
125,000
5,625
123,609

120,000
119,114
Africa
-
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

FIGURE 51: C
 RUDE OIL PROVED RESERVES OF COUNTRIES
OUT OF TOTAL 127 BILLION OF BARRELS IN 2014

10%
15%
Algeria
Others
8%
Angola

30%
Nigeria

38%
Libya

Proved crude oil reserves of Africa is 20 times larger than that of India. In 2014, Libya (38%), Nigeria
(30%), Algeria (10%) and Angola (8%) accounted for about 85% of the total oil reserves in Africa.

48
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

2.9 FINANCIAL SECTOR

2.9.1 CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE

FIGURE 52: CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE (AS % OF GDP)

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Africa India

Over the recent years, both Africa and India had their current account balance
in deficit. While Africa’s deficit has been worsening from 0.2% of GDP in 2010 to
-3.7% in 2014, India’s had been improving from -3.2% of GDP to -1.5%.

49
2.9.2 DEBT

FIGURE 53: EXTERNAL DEBT (AS % OF GDP)

ce
Servi
India
65
rvice
a Se
Afric
60

55

50
tstading
India Ou
45

40

35

30

25 nding
Africa Outsta

20

-
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Debt outstanding (as % of GDP)

Africa 21.9 20.1 20.3 20.7 21.6 23.1
India 18.7 18.6 19.2 22.0 23.5 24.2
Debt service (as % of exports)
Africa 13.5 9.1 10.3 10.9 12.2 14.5
India 9.7 4.7 5.1 5.6 5.7 5.3

Africa, as a continent, and India had both relatively moderate levels of external debt in the
recent years, although debt levels have started to increase since 2013. In 2014, debt to GDP
ratio was less than 25%, while deb to export ratio was less than 15% in both cases.

50
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

2.9.3 INTERNATIONAL RESERVES INCLUDING GOLD

FIGURE 54: INTERNATIONAL RESERVES IN BILLION

USD AT CURRENT PRICE

1,000

800

600

Africa

India

400

200

-
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Africa and India has been both accumulating important international reserves since
2000, reaching 506 billion USD in the whole of Africa and 304 billion USD in India.

51
2.10 PUBLIC FINANCE
FIGURE 55: CAPITAL EXPENDITURE (BILLION USD)

2,000

62.2
1,800

65
1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000
66.8
1,836.2
1,656.8
800

49.1
600 38.8

922.6
400
653.7
580.4
200

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Africa India

While India’s capital expenditure per year was almost stationary between 2009 and 2013, Africa’s
yearly capital expenditures more than tripled from 580 million USD in 2009 to 1.8 billion USD in 2013.

52
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

FIGURE 56: FISCAL BALANCE (BILLION USD)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

-307.8
-200 -387.9

-562.9
-54.5
-400
-108.6 -903.7 -913.7

-1,069.5
-600
-137.3

-800

-151.3 -143.7
-1,000

-130.8
-1,200

-1400
Africa India

Both Africa and India have been running fiscal deficits in recent years. While India’s
fiscal deficit has been moving around 100-150 billion USD between 2009 and 2013,
Africa increased its fiscal deficit to over 1 trillion USD in the same period.

53
FIGURE 57: INCOME TAX (BILLION USD)

2013 4,870.5 269.1

2012 4,234.7 266.9

2011 4,155.4 268.1

Africa
India
2010 3,039.5 208.9

2009 2,242.4 201.6

2008 2,997 218.3

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

FIGURE 58: NON-TAX REVENUE (BILLION USD)

2013 277.2 48.6

2012 191.8 46.3

2011 362.9 48.7

Africa
India
2010 286.5 45.8

2009 183.1 39

2008 201.4 52.8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Income tax revenues in India increased by 23% between 2008 and 2013,
from 218 billion USD to 269 billion USD. In the meantime, Africa’s income tax
revenues increased by 63% from almost 3 trillion to 4.9 trillion USD.

Non-tax revenues in India stayed stable in the recent years around 50

billion USD per year. In the meantime, Africa’s non-tax revenues had a
sharp spike in 2010-11 and reached 277 billion USD in 2013.

54
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

2.11 TOURISM
FIGURE 59: TOP 15 ARRIVALS TO INDIA AND AFRICA

Top 15 Arrivals to India

2010 2011 2012 2013 500,000 1000,000 1500,000
U.S.A. 931,292 980,688 1.039,947 1.085,309
U.K. 759,494 798,249 788,170 809,444
Bangladesh 431,962 463,543 487,397 524,923
Sri Lanka 266,515 305,853 296,983 262,345
Canada 242,372 259,017 256,021 255,222
Germany 227,720 240,235 254,783 252,003
France 225,232 231,423 240,674 248,379
Malaysia 179,077 208,196 195,853 242,649
Japan 168,019 193,525 220,015 220,283
Australia 169,647 192,592 202,105 218,967
Russian Fed. 122,048 144,312 177,526 259,120
China (Main) 119,530 142,218 168,952 174,712
Singapore 107,487 119,022 131,452 143,025
Nepal 104,374 119,131 125,375 113,790
Rep. of Korea 95,587 108,680 109,469 112,619
Grand Total 5.775,692 6.309,222 6.321,745 6.967,601

Top 15 Arrivals to Africa

2010 2011 2012 2013 500,000 1000,000 1500,000 2000,000 2500,000 3000,000 3500,000
France 4.987,706 4.027,366 4.208,476 3.682,183
U.K. 3.259,861 2.871,006 2.987,258 2.987,960
Russian Federation3.144,361 2.073,920 2.880,353 2.803,753
Germany 2.697,802 2,.118,604 2.552,197 1.982,892
Italy 2.225,197 1.266,668 1.500,583 1.307,558
USA 1.292,704 1.157,598 1.529,231 1.383,263
Spain 1.122,194 874,271 951,270 845,888
Belgium 738,953 717,590 765,376 714,712
Netherlands 779,778 672,765 772,804 703,106
China 406,772 593,402 708,440 590,654
India 412,610 549,076 559,486 467,745
Switzerland 486,423 389,598 444,241 383,872
Saudi Arabia 457,614 292,331 351,709 321,660
Canada 349,461 299,631 355,337 346,917
Austria 400,048 320,283 314,410 256,634
Grand Total 25.126,314 19.958,155 22.948,954 20.579,320

55
 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2.12
80.0 INFORMATION SOCIETY
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
80.0
2.12.1
70.0 MOBILE SUBSCRIPTION & INTERNET PENETRATION
70.0
FIGURE
60.0 60: MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS AND
INTERNET USERS (PER 100 INHABITANTS)
60.0
50.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
80.0
50.0
40.0
70.0
40.0
30.0
60.0
30.0
20.0
50.0
20.0
10.0
40.0
10.0
0.0
30.0
0.0

20.0

10.0

0.0

FIGURE 61: MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS (PER 100 INHABITANTS)

Africa 12.4 17.8 23.5 32.2 38.0 45.4 52.3 58.9 65.6 71.2
India
Africa 8.0 14.5 20.2 29.5 44.1 62.4 73.2 69.9 70.8 74.5
12.4 17.8 23.5 32.2 38.0 45.4 52.3 58.9 65.6 71.2
India 8.0 14.5 20.2 29.5 44.1 62.4 73.2 69.9 70.8 74.5

FIGURE 62: INTERNET USERS (PER 100 INHABITANTS)

Africa 12.4 17.8 23.5 32.2 38.0 45.4 52.3 58.9 65.6 71.2
India
Africa 8.0
2.4 14.5
3.3 20.2
3.9 29.5
5.9 44.1
7.3 62.4
9.8 73.2
12.6 69.9
14.4 70.8
16.7 74.5
18.9
India
Africa 2.4 2.8 4.0 4.4 5.1 7.5 10.1 12.6 15.1 18.0
2.4 3.3 3.9 5.9 7.3 9.8 12.6 14.4 16.7 18.9
India 2.4 2.8 4.0 4.4 5.1 7.5 10.1 12.6 15.1 18.0

Africa
The mobile 2.4 3.3 rate has
subscription 3.9 leaped5.9 7.3 over past
significantly 9.8 10 years
12.6 in both
14.4 16.7 18.9
Africa
India and India.
2.4 In 2005,
2.8 the mobile
4.0 subscription
4.4 per 100 7.5
5.1 inhabitants
10.1was 8% in
12.6 15.1 18.0
India and 12.4% in Africa but the rate had jumped to over 70% in 2014.

The Internet penetration rate also improved over the last decade increasing
from 2.4% in 2005 to 18% in 2014 both in India and Africa.

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 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

SOURCE LIST

S O U R CE FI G URE S

IMF 1, 2, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58

Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India 3, 4, 5

Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, Government of India 13

UN Comtrade 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12

US Energy information 11, 49, 50, 51

UNESCO 14, 15, 26, 27, 28, 29

Ministry of Tourism, Government of India 16, 17, 18, 59

World Population Prospects 19, 20, 21, 22

World Urbanization Prospects 23

ILO 24, 25

Trends in Maternal Mortality Report (WHO,

UNICEF, UNFPA and World Bank) 30

Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report

(UNICEF, WHO, World Bank and UN) 31

WHO 32, 33, 34, 35

Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for Water Supply

and Sanitation (WHO and UNICEF) 36, 37

African Statistical Yearbook 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 53

World Bank 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 54

FAO 43, 44

UNDATA 46, 47, 48

WTO 59

ITU 60, 61, 62

57
FIGURE LIST

Figure 1:  Outward FDI stocks of India in Africa (billion usd) 2

Figure 2: Africa FDI stocks in India (billion usd) 3
Figure 3: Lines of credit by sectors (%) 4
Figure 4: Pan Africa e-Network 6
Figure 5: Financial assistance for fight against Ebola 7
Figure 6: Total trade of India to Africa and the world as reported by India (billion usd) 8
Figure 7: Trade flows of India and other major partners with Africa
from 2010 to 2014 (billion usd) 9
Figure 8: Top five import/export commodities by India to/from Africa in 2014 (million usd) 10
Figure 9: Top five India’s export and import partners (million usd) 11
Figure 10: Mineral fuels and related products imported by India from Africa in 2014 (billion usd) 12
Figure 11: Main mineral fuels (non-crude) importers from India in 2013 (million usd) 13
Figure 12: India’s pharmaceutical export and import to Africa countries (million usd) 14
Figure 13: Population of Indians in Africa 16
Figure 14: Number of African students attending Indian higher institutions 17
Figure 15: African students attending Indian higher institutions in 2012 18
Figure 16: Tourists arrivals from Africa to India by purpose of visit in 2013 (%) 19
Figure 17: Tourists arrivals from Africa to India by purpose of visit and country in 2013 (%) 20
Figure 18: Tourists arrivals from Africa to India 21
Figure 19: Mid-year population (million) 23
Figure 20: Basic demographic characteristics 24
Figure 21: Age groups (million) 25
Figure 22: Population structure 25
Figure 23: Urban population (%) 26
Figure 24: Africa and India labour force (million) 26
Figure 25: Overall unemployment (%) 27
Figure 26: Gross enrolment ratio in primary and secondary education 28
Figure 27: Literacy rate 29
Figure 28: Teacher-pupil ratio 2000-2012 30
Figure 29: Research outputs 30
Figure 30: Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 31
Figure 31: Under-five, infant and neonatal mortality rates (per 1,000 live births) 32
Figure 32: Immunization coverage among 1-year-old (%) 33

58
 AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

Figure 33: Prevalence of undernourishment in total population (%) 34

Figure 34: Children aged <5 years underweight (moderate and severe) (%) 35
Figure 35: Children aged <5 years stunt (moderate and severe) (%) 35
Figure 36: Percentage of population with improved drinking water sources 36
Figure 37: Improved sanitation facilities in 2015 (%) 37
Figure 38: Per-capita GDP of top and bottom three African countries and India in 2014 (usd) 38
Figure 39: Per-capita GDP (usd) 39
Figure 40: Annual GDP growth rate (%) 40
Figure 41: Contribution of sectors to GDP (%) 41
Figure 42: Structure of output (%) 41
Figure 43: Food per capita net production index (base year 2004-2006) 42
Figure 44: Top crops produced by India and Africa 43
Figure 45: Arable land (% of land area) of India and top five African countries 44
Figure 46: Total electricity production (billion kwhs) 45
Figure 47: Total thermal production (billion kwhs) 46
Figure 48: Hydroelectricity net generation (billion kwhs) 46
Figure 49: Total electricity net consumption (billion kwhs) 47
Figure 50: Crude oil proved reserves in Africa and India (million barrels) 48
Figure 51: Crude oil proved reserves of counties out of total 127 billion of barrels in 2014 48
Figure 52: Current account balance (as % of GDP) 49
Figure 53: External debt (as % of GDP) 50
Figure 54: International reserves in billion usd at current price 51
Figure 55: Capital expenditure (billion usd) 52
Figure 56: Fiscal balance (billion usd) 53
Figure 57: Income tax (billion usd) 54
Figure 58: Non-tax revenue (billion usd) 54
Figure 59: Top 15 arrivals to India and Africa 55
Figure 60: Mobile subscriptions and Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 56
Figure 61: Mobile subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants) 56
Figure 62: Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 56

59
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