Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ORMOC CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

IN
SCIENCE 10

REFRACTION IN LENSES

Prepared by:

CARINA D. CABUGUAS
MT-1
General Reminders: Use this activity sheet with care. Do not write anything or put
unnecessary mark/s on any page of the activity sheet. Read and understand the
directions carefully before doing each task. Return this activity sheet to your
teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

EXPLORE

Lesson 1: REFLECTION IN PLANE MIRRORS

In Grade 8, you have learned that refraction is the bending of light as it

passes from one medium to another of different optical densities. The ancient
Greeks used the concept of a lens to focus light. But what is lens and how does it
focus light? Are all lenses capable of focusing light rays to a certain point?

Learning Objective:
Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and
magnification) of images formed by plane and curved mirrors and lenses.
S10FE-IIg-50

Specifically, this Learning Activity Sheet aims to;

1. Identify the two types of lenses.

2. Describe how parallel light rays are refracted on each type of lens.
3. Construct ray diagrams for lenses.
4. Apply ray diagramming techniques in describing the
characteristics and positions of the images formed by lenses.

LEARN

Review

Answer the following.

A. What are the characteristics of the image formed by concave mirror when
the object is located;
1. beyond C?
2. At C
3. Between C and F
4. At F
5. Between F and the mirror.

B. What are the characteristics of image formed by convex mirror?

 Pre-Activity

1. Ask the students how these photos were taken?

2. Make a pinhole camera.

Materials.
 Empty pringles can/illustration board
 Black cartolina
 Tracing paper
 Pin/sewing needle, glue stick or tape
 Cutter scissors, ruler

Procedure:
a. Find the center of the bottom of can. Pierce the center point with a
push pin.
b. Cut a portion of the black cartolina with a width of 22 cm and length
of about 3 cm longer than the canister.
c. Make a tube by rolling the cut black cartolina.
d. Put a tracing paper on the other side of the tube. Make sure to paste
or tape it so that it will not be removed.
e. Insert the tube to the can. Insert the side with tracing paper first.

3. If you were peep on your pinhole camera what do you think will you see?
Will you see anything? Feel free to manipulate the device.

4. Ask the class what do you think is the reason why you are able to see an
image in a pinhole camera?

LENS

Lens is a transparent material made of glass or plastics that refracts light. There are two
types of lenses; convex and concave lens.
Convex Lens

figure 1
figure 2
http://www.khadley.com/courses/astronomy/ph_2
05/topics/lighttelescopes/telescopes.html
 It is thicker at the center than the edges.
 Light rays parallel to the axis of the convex lens are refracted inwards as they pass
through the lens as shown in figure 2.
 The light rays, tend to meet/converge at a certain point called focal point. Thus,
convex lens is also called converging lens.

figure 3

 Convex mirror can produce real image. Real image is formed by actual rays and can
be projected in a screen.
Concave Lens

figure 4
figure 5
https://www.quora.com/Does-a-concave-lens-

 It is thicker at the edges than at the center.

 It forms virtual, upright and reduced images.
 Light rays parallel to the axis of a concave lens are refracted outward as they pass
through the lens as shown in figure 5.
 The refracted rays seem to spread/diverge from a point. Thus, concave lens is also
called diverging lens.

figure 6

 The refracted rays of concave lens will never meet no matter where the location of
the object with respect to the concave lens. Thus, concave lens will never produce
real image.
 Image formed in concave lens is virtual since there is no actual rays that formed the
image and it cannot be projected in a screen.
Images Formed by Convex Lens

Images formed in a lens can be located and described through ray diagram.

Steps in Doing Ray Diagram

1. Draw the lens and the lens axis.

2. Draw a horizontal line perpendicular to the lens axis, this is the principal axis.

3. Mark the positions of the vertex, the focal point F, and twice the focal length 2F on
both sides of the lens.

V
2F’ F 2F
F’

 Vertex, V – The geometric center of the lens.

 Focal Point/Focus, F – A point where light rays converge when parallel
light rays pass through a convex lens. Its distance from the vertex is
 called focal length (f).

4. Draw the object, an arrow for example.

V
2F’ F 2F
F’

5. Draw the useful rays from the tip of the object.

The Three Most Useful Rays

a. P–F Ray. A ray of light parallel to the principal axis is refracted passing through
the principal focus, F behind the lens.

V
2F’ F 2F
F’

b. F–P Ray. A ray of light passing through the focus, F in front of the lens is
refracted parallel to the principal axis

V
2F’ F 2F
F’
 c. V Ray. A ray of light passing through the exact center of the lens (Vertex)
continue to travel in the same direction.

V
2F’ F 2F
F’

6. Locate the intersection of the useful rays and draw the image.

V
F 2F
2F’ F’
image

The point where the refracted

rays meet or intersect is where the
image formed

 The characteristics of the image formed in the example above is real,

inverted, and enlarged. It is located beyond 2F.

Characteristics of the Image

Location : Beyond 2F, At 2F,

Between 2F & F, At F,
Between F & V
At infinity
Orientation: Upright or Inverted
Size: Same Sized, Reduced or Enlarged
 Type: Real or Virtual

Images Formed by Concave Lens

Images formed in a lens can be located and described through ray diagram.

Steps in Doing Ray Diagram

1. Draw the lens and the lens axis.

2. Draw a horizontal line perpendicular to the lens axis, this is the principal axis.
3. Mark the positions of the vertex, the focal point F, and twice the focal length 2F on
both sides of the lens.

2F’ F’ V F 2F

 Vertex, V – The geometric center of the lens.

 Focal Point/Focus, F – A point where light rays converge when parallel
light rays pass through a convex lens. Its distance from the vertex is
called focal length (f).

4. Draw the object, an arrow for example.

2F’ F’ V F 2F

5. Draw the useful rays from the tip of the object.

The Three Most Useful Rays

a. P–F Ray. A ray of light parallel to the principal axis is refracted passing
through the principal focus, F behind the lens.

2F’ F’ V F 2F
3. F–P Ray. A ray of light passing through the focus, F in front of the lens is refracted
parallel to the principal axis

2F’ F’ V F 2F

4. V Ray. A ray of light passing through the exact center of the lens (Vertex) continue to
travel in the same direction.

2F’ F’ V F 2F

6. Locate the intersection of the useful rays and draw the image.

2F’ F’ V F 2F

Location : Between F’ and V

Orientation : Upright
 Size : Reduced
Type : Virtual

ENGAGE

ACTIVITY 1

Differences of Concave and Convex Lens

Fill in the table below;

Basic Comparison Convex Lens Concave Lens

Physical Appearance
Refraction of Parallel
Light Rays
Convergent/Divergen
t
Images Formed

ACTIVITY 2
Are you L-O-S-T after Refraction?

Objectives:
1. Construct ray diagrams for lenses.
2. Apply ray diagramming techniques in describing the characteristics and
positions of the images formed by lenses.

Materials: paper, ruler, pencil

Procedure:

1. Construct ray diagram using, as much as possible, the ‘three most useful
rays’ for each of the following cases to determine the location, orientation,
size, and type of the image.
2. Do this activity by group. Let each member of the group draw the ray
diagram for each item (each location of the object).
Part 1: Convex Lens

A. B. C.

D.
E.

Part 2: Concave Lens

A. B. C.

3.

Use the Table below to

summarize and consolidate the location, orientation, size and type (LOST)
of the images formed by convex and concave lenses in all the locations of
the object.
4. Be prepared to present your consolidated answer to the class.
5. Answer the guide questions.

Table. Location, Orientation, Size, and Type of Image Formed by Lenses

 Image
Location of Object Orientation Size
Type (real or
Location (upright or (same, reduced or
virtual)
inverted) enlarged)
Part 1: CONVEX LENS
A. Beyond 2F’
B. At 2F’
C. Between 2F’ and F’
D. At the Focal point,
F’
E. Between F’ and V
Part 2: CONCAVE
LENS
A. At 2F’
B. At the Focal point,
F’
C. Between F’ and V

Guide Questions:
1. How does the image change in its size and location, as the object comes
nearer to F’ of a convex lens? How does the image change in its size and
location as the object comes closer from F’ to convex lens?
2. How does the image change in its size and location, as the object comes
nearer a concave lens?
3. What generalization can you make regarding the type and orientation of
the images formed by convex lenses?
4. What generalization can you make regarding the type and orientation of
the images formed by concave lenses?
5. What kind of lenses are magnifying glasses? When a magnifying glass
produces a sharp clear image, where is the object located in relation to the
lens?

APPLY
 A. Direction: Answer the situation below.

You were tasked by your teacher to set a fire to a pile of leaves using a
lens. Which of the type of lens do you think will be able to help you complete
the task? Why do you think so?

B. Matching Type

Refer to the size of object and the size of image from the drawn ray
diagrams for convex lens. Identify the location of object for which the
following optical instruments are used to. Match column A with column B.

Column A Column B
photocopy “Xerox” Machine At Infinity
Camera Between 2F’ and F’
Telescope Beyond 2F’
Projector Between F’ and V
Magnifying Glass At 2F’

C. Search the Box

The box below contains list of materials or devices that our found in our
community/society. List down the materials that uses concave lens.

security mirror projector peephole camera

photocopier side mirror eyeglasses for nearsighted
eyeglasses for farsighted flashlight dentist mirror

ASSESS

Multiple Choice: Choose the Letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the statement correctly describe concave and convex lenses?

a. Concave lens is thicker in the middle than at the edge while convex
lens is thinner in the middle than at the edge.
b. Concave lens is thinner in the middle than at the edge while convex
lens is thicker in the middle than at the edge.
c. Both concave lens and convex lens are thicker in the middle than on
their edges.
d. None of the above is true.

2. What happens when light rays strike a lens?

a. Light rays will be reflected.
b. Light rays will pass through the lens and travel on a straight line
c. Light rays will be refracted
d. Cannot be determined
3. How can you describe how parallel light rays refract from a convex lens?
a. Parallel rays are refracted outward.
 b. Parallel rays are refracted inward.
c. Some are refracted outward and some are refracted inward.
d. Cannot be determined

4. How can you describe how parallel light rays refract from a concave lens?
a. Parallel rays are refracted outward.
b. Parallel rays are refracted inward.
c. Some are refracted outward and some are refracted inward.
d. Cannot be determined

5. Which of the following correctly describe real and virtual image?

I. Real image is formed by actual rays and cannot be projected on a
screen.
II. Real image is formed by actual rays and can be projected on a
screen.
III. Virtual image is formed by virtual rays and cannot be projected in
a screen.
IV. Virtual image is formed by virtual rays and can be projected on a
screen

I & III b. II & III c. I & IV d. II & IV

6. The image formed by the diagram is

a. Reduced, Real and Inverted
b. Enlarged, Virtual and Upright
c. Reduced, Real and upright
d. Virtual and inverted

7. The location of the image

a. at 2F
b. between F & 2F
c. between F & O or V
d. beyond 2F

8. Where should the object be located relative to a convex lens if you want to
use it as a magnifying glass?
A. At the focus C. At 2F
B. Between F and the vertex D. Between F and 2F

9. What is the type and orientation of the image if the object is located between
F’ and the vertex of a concave lens?
A. real and inverted C. virtual and inverted
B. real and upright D. virtual and upright

10.A photocopy “Xerox” machine produces an image that is of equal size as the
object. Considering the location of an object in a convex lens, where is the
object located or placed to produce an image that is of equal size to the
object?
A. At F’ C. Between F’ and V
B. At 2F’ D. Between 2F’ and F’
REFERENCES
Department of Education, (2015). Unit 2: Force, Motion and Energy, Science
10 Learner’s Materials (pp. 194-195). Pasig City, Philippines.

ANSWER KEY

LEARN ENGAGE
A. Activity 1

1. real, inverted, and Basic Comparison Convex Lens Concave Lens

reduced Physical Appearance Thicker at the center than Thicker at the edges
2. real, inverted, and at the edges. than at the center.
same size with the Refraction of Parallel Light refracted inward refracted outward
object Rays
Convergent/Divergent convergent divergent
3. real, inverted, and
Type of Images Formed real and virtual virtual
larger than the object
4. no image formed,
Activity 2
image is at infinity
Part 1
5. virtual, upright,
A. B.
and inverted
B. Convex mirror will
always produced
virtual, upright and 2F’ F’
V
F 2F
image
reduced image.

C. D.
ASSESS

1. b
V
2. c 2F’ F’ F 2F
image 2F’ F’
V
F 2F

3. b
4. a
5. b
E.
6. a
7. b
8. b
9. d
10. b

Activity 2

Part 2

A. B.